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Abstract
The World Trade Organization WTO plays a major role in carrying out rules on international trade such as the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). Meanwhile, the regulation regarding subsidies is regulated in Article XVI of the GATT and the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures (SCM) in 1995. In international trade, subsidies are considered as a form of unfair competition, hence their use is limited. The objective of this research relates to the regulation and implementation of Indonesian biodiesel subsidies in the European Union which are reviewed based on SCM. The results of the study concluded that the European Union Commission found grants, tax breaks and raw materials below market prices for Indonesian biodiesel, which under Article 3 SCM, these subsidies are prohibited because grants, tax breaks and feedstocks below market prices are intended for Indonesian biodiesel exported products. Therefore, the application of subsidies by Indonesia to biodiesel is not in line with SCM.
Key Words: Biodiesel; SCM 1995; subsidies
Abstrak
Organisasi Perdagangan Dunia WTO memainkan peran utama dalam menetapkan aturan internasional tentang perdagangan seperti Perjanjian Umum tentang Tarif dan Perdagangan (GATT). Sementara pengaturan mengenai subsidi diatur dalam Pasal XVI GATT dan Agreement on Subsidi and Countervailing Measures (SCM) tahun 1995. Dalam perdagangan internasional, subsidi dianggap sebagai bentuk persaingan curang, sehingga penggunaannya dibatasi. Pokok dalam penelitian ini berkaitan dengan pengaturan dan implementasi subsidi biodiesel Indonesia di Uni Eropa yang ditinjau berdasarkan SCM. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa Komisi Uni Eropa menemukan hibah, potongan pajak dan bahan baku di bawah harga pasar bagi biodiesel Indonesia, yang berdasarkan Pasal 3 SCM, subsidi ini dilarang dikarenakan hibah, potongan pajak dan bahan baku di bawah harga pasar tersebut ditujukan untuk produk biodiesel Indonesia yang diekspor. Oleh karena itu, penerapan subsidi oleh Indonesia terhadap biodiesel belum sejalan dengan SCM.
Kata Kunci: Biodiesel; SCM 1995; subsidi
Keywords
Article Details
References
- Buku
- Adolf, Huala & Chandrawulan, A, Masalah-Masalah Hukum Dalam Perdagangan Internasional. Rajagrafindo Persada, Bandung, 1995.
- Lowenfield, Andreas F. 2008. International Economic Law, Second Edition, Oxford University Press, New York, 2008.
- Matsushita, Mitsuo et.a, The World Trade Organization, Law, Practice, and Policy, Third Edition, Oxford University Press, United Kingdom, 2017.
- Jurnal
- Rambe, Khoiru Rizky, dkk., “Dinamika Kebijakan Pengembangan Biodiesel Berbahan Baku Kelapa Sawit”, Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian, Vol. 15, No. 3, Oktober 2019.
- Prakasa, Satria Unggul Wicaksana, “Perdagangan Internasional Dan Ham: Relasinya Dengan Sustainable Development”, Jurnal Hukum Novelty, Vol. 9, No. 1. 2018.
- Simatupang, H, “Aspek Hukum Pemberian Subsidi oleh Negara di Dalam Lalu Lintas Perdagangan Internasional”, Pusjianbang Departemen Hukum dan HAM RI Lex Jurnalica Vol. 6, No. 1, 2008.
- Internet
- Andri, Yustinus, “BMAS Biodiesel: Pengusaha Sawit Indonesia Mentahkan Tudingan UE Soal Subsidi”, https://ekonomi.bisnis.com/read/ 20190726/12/1129006/bmas-biodiesel-pengusaha-sawit-indonesia-mentahkan-tudingan-ue-soal-subsidi
- CNN Indonesia, “Uni Eropa Resmi Pungut Bea Masuk 18 Persen Atas Sawit RI”, https://www.cnnindonesia.com/ekonomi/20191210155013-85-455733/uni-eropa-resmi-pungut-bea-masuk-18-persen-atas-sawit-ri
- Harnowo, Tri, “Mengenal Subsidi yang Dilarang dalam Perdagangan Internasional”, https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/detail/ulasan/lt5dd25ec134914/mengenal-subsidi-yang-dilarang-dalam-perdagangan-internasional/
- Pengusaha Kelapa Sawit Indonesia (GAPKI), “Analisis Ekspor CPO Indonesia ke Uni Eropa: Faktor Apa yang Mendorong Trend Positif?” https://gapki.id/news/4268/analisis-ekspor-cpo-indonesia-ke-uni-eropa-faktor-apa-yang-mendorong-trend-positif
- Peraturan
- General Agreement on Tarriffs and Trade (GATT).
- The Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measure (SCM) 1995.
References
Buku
Adolf, Huala & Chandrawulan, A, Masalah-Masalah Hukum Dalam Perdagangan Internasional. Rajagrafindo Persada, Bandung, 1995.
Lowenfield, Andreas F. 2008. International Economic Law, Second Edition, Oxford University Press, New York, 2008.
Matsushita, Mitsuo et.a, The World Trade Organization, Law, Practice, and Policy, Third Edition, Oxford University Press, United Kingdom, 2017.
Jurnal
Rambe, Khoiru Rizky, dkk., “Dinamika Kebijakan Pengembangan Biodiesel Berbahan Baku Kelapa Sawit”, Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian, Vol. 15, No. 3, Oktober 2019.
Prakasa, Satria Unggul Wicaksana, “Perdagangan Internasional Dan Ham: Relasinya Dengan Sustainable Development”, Jurnal Hukum Novelty, Vol. 9, No. 1. 2018.
Simatupang, H, “Aspek Hukum Pemberian Subsidi oleh Negara di Dalam Lalu Lintas Perdagangan Internasional”, Pusjianbang Departemen Hukum dan HAM RI Lex Jurnalica Vol. 6, No. 1, 2008.
Internet
Andri, Yustinus, “BMAS Biodiesel: Pengusaha Sawit Indonesia Mentahkan Tudingan UE Soal Subsidi”, https://ekonomi.bisnis.com/read/ 20190726/12/1129006/bmas-biodiesel-pengusaha-sawit-indonesia-mentahkan-tudingan-ue-soal-subsidi
CNN Indonesia, “Uni Eropa Resmi Pungut Bea Masuk 18 Persen Atas Sawit RI”, https://www.cnnindonesia.com/ekonomi/20191210155013-85-455733/uni-eropa-resmi-pungut-bea-masuk-18-persen-atas-sawit-ri
Harnowo, Tri, “Mengenal Subsidi yang Dilarang dalam Perdagangan Internasional”, https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/detail/ulasan/lt5dd25ec134914/mengenal-subsidi-yang-dilarang-dalam-perdagangan-internasional/
Pengusaha Kelapa Sawit Indonesia (GAPKI), “Analisis Ekspor CPO Indonesia ke Uni Eropa: Faktor Apa yang Mendorong Trend Positif?” https://gapki.id/news/4268/analisis-ekspor-cpo-indonesia-ke-uni-eropa-faktor-apa-yang-mendorong-trend-positif
Peraturan
General Agreement on Tarriffs and Trade (GATT).
The Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measure (SCM) 1995.