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Abstract
Various substantive regional policies based on the provisions of Law Number 6 of 2018 concerning Health Quarantine, emphasize criminal sanctions as a last resort (ultimum remedium), thereby placing a heavy burden (overbelasting) on criminal law. Furthermore, the implementation of law enforcement through continuous repressive measures is not in accordance with the legal culture of the community. The formulation of the problems studied in this study are, first, what is the paradigm of the criminal provisions of health protocol policies in proportional law? Second, how is the public's compliance with the Covid-19 spread zone? This study uses a normative legal research method with an approach to legislation and literature study, and uses descriptive analysis in managing qualitative data by applying a deductive method. From the results of the study, it was concluded that the application of the ultimum remedium did not guarantee public compliance, and even caused problems in the applicable legal system. The number of regions that are still in the red zone status requires consistency in overcoming the dynamics of current legal events.
Keywords: Covid-19 zone; government; ultimum remedium
Abstrak
Berbagai kebijakan daerah yang substansial berdasarkan pada ketentuan Undang Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2018 tentang Karantina Kesehatan, menitikberatkan sanksi pidana sebagai upaya terakhir (ultimum remedium), sehingga memberikan beban berat (overbelasting) pada hukum pidana. Lebih lanjut, implementasi penegakan hukum melalui tindakan represif secara berkelanjutan tidak sesuai dengan legal culture masyarakat. Rumusan masalah yang dikaji dalam penelitian ini adalah, pertama, bagaimana paradigma ketentuan pidana kebijakan protokol kesehatan dalam proporsional hukum? Kedua, bagaimana kepatuhan masyarakat terhadap zona penyebaran Covid-19? Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan dan studi kepustakaan, serta menggunakan analisis deskriptif dalam pengelolahan data kualitatif dengan menerapkan metode deduktif. Dari hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa penerapan ultimum remedium tidak menjamin kepatuhan masyarakat, bahkan menimbulkan persoalan dalam sistem hukum yang berlaku. Banyaknya daerah yang masih berstatus zona merah memerlukan konsistensi dalam mengatasi dinamika peristiwa hukum saat ini.
Kata Kunci: Pemerintah; ultimum remedium; zona covid-19
Keywords
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References
- Buku
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- Husak, Douglas, Overcriminalization: The Limits of the Criminal Law, University Press, Oxford, 2007.
- Setiawan, Fery et al., Corona Virus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) Dalam Asas Salus Populi Suprema Lex Esto dan Kajian Patogenesis, Haura Utama, Sukabumi, 2021.
- Syamsu, Muhammad Ainul, Penjatuhan Pidana & Dua Prinsip Dasar Hukum Pidana, Prenada Media Group, Jakarta, 2016.
- Tomalili, Rahmanuddin, Hukum Pidana, Deepublish, Sleman, 2019.
- Jurnal
- Alfarabi, Arma Sina, “Pengaturan Sanksi Administratif Protokol Kesehatan Melalui Peraturan Kepala Daerah,” Jurnal Wasaka Hukum, Vol. 9, No. 1, 2021.
- Alfarisy, Salman, Nadrya Ning Tias, and Johan Sahbudin, “Pelanggaran Protokol Kesehatan Covid-19: Ultimum Remedium Atau Primum Remedium (Studi Kasus MRHS),” Indonesia Criminal Law Review, Vol. 1, No. 1, 2021.
- Anindyajati, Titis, Irfan Nur Rachman, and Anak Agung Dian Onita, “Konstitusionalitas Norma Sanksi Pidana sebagai Ultimum Remedium Dalam Pembentukan Perundang-Undangan,” Jurnal Konstitusi, Vol. 12, No. 4, 2016.
- Benuf, Kornelius, and Muhammad Azhar, “Metodologi Penelitian Hukum sebagai Instrumen Mengurai Permasalahan Hukum Kontemporer,” Jurnal Gema Keadilan, Vol. 7, No. 1, 2020.
- Darmika, Ika, “Budaya Hukum (Legal Culture) dan Pengaruhnya,” Jurnal Hukum Tô-Râ Vol. 2 No. 3, 2016.
- H Usman, “Analisis Perkembangan Teori Hukum Pidana,” Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Jambi, Vol. 2, No. 1, 2011.
- Hakim, Lukmanul, “Survei Tingkat Kepatuhan Masyarakat Melaksanakan Protokol Kesehatan Covid-19 Pasca Penyuluhan,” Jurnal Masyarakat Mandiri, Vol. 5, No. 5, 2021.
- Juni, Peter, et al., “Impact of Climate and Public Health Interventions on the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Prospective Cohort Study,” CMAJ Journal 192, No. 21, 2020.
- Kesuma, Ulfa and Ahmad Wahyu Hidayat, “Pemikiran Thomas S. Kuhn Teori Revolusi Paradigma,” Islamadina: Jurnal Pemikiran Islam, Vol. 21, No. 2, 2020.
- Putri, Karina Sari Wijayanto, dkk, “Penerapan Sanksi Pidana Kepada Pelanggar Protokol Kesehatan Di Tengah Pandemi Covid-19”, Jurnal Akrab Pekanbaru, Vol. 6, No. 2, 2021.
- Riyadi, Riyadi and Putri Larasaty, “Faktor Yang Berpengaruh Terhadap Kepatuhan Masyarakat Pada Protokol Kesehatan Dalam Mencegah Penyebaran Covid-19,” Seminar Nasional Official Statistics 2020, No. 1, 2021.
- S Lev, Daniel and Claire Holt, Judicial Institutions and Legal Culture in Indonesia, Cornell University Press, Kota, 2019.
- Setiawan, Kadek Endra and Ni Putu Noni Suharyanti, “Denda Administrasi Sebagai Ultimum Remedium Dalam Penegakan Hukum Prokes Menurut Pergub Bali Nomor 46/2020,” Jurnal Komunitas Yustisia 4, No. 2, 2021.
- Setyanugraha, Joshua Aditya, “Pemidanaan sebagai Upaya Penanganan Pandemi Covid-19,” Jurnal Rechts Vinding Vol. 10, No. 1, 2021.
- Sonata, Depri Liber, “Metode Penelitian Hukum Normatif Dan Empiris: Karakteristik Khas Dari Metode Meneliti Hukum,” Fiat Justisia Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, Vol. 8, No. 1, 2014.
- Sudibyo, Ateng, dan Aji Halim Rahman, “Dekonstruksi Asas Legalitas Dalam Hukum Pidana,” Journal Presumption of Law 3, No. 1, 2021.
- Yunida, Helvy, “Pengaruh PPKM Darurat Dan Protokol Kesehatan 5 M Terhadap Penurunan Covid-19,” Journal of Innovation Research and Knowledge 1, No. 4, 2021.
References
Buku
Asmarawati, Pidana dan Pemidanaan dalam Sistem Hukum di Indonesia (Hukum Penitensier), Deepublish Publisher, Yogyakarta, 2015.
_______, Tina, Pidana dan Pemidanaan dalam Sistem Hukum di Indonesia (Hukum Penitensier), Deepublish, Sleman, 2015.
Husak, Douglas, Overcriminalization: The Limits of the Criminal Law, University Press, Oxford, 2007.
Setiawan, Fery et al., Corona Virus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) Dalam Asas Salus Populi Suprema Lex Esto dan Kajian Patogenesis, Haura Utama, Sukabumi, 2021.
Syamsu, Muhammad Ainul, Penjatuhan Pidana & Dua Prinsip Dasar Hukum Pidana, Prenada Media Group, Jakarta, 2016.
Tomalili, Rahmanuddin, Hukum Pidana, Deepublish, Sleman, 2019.
Jurnal
Alfarabi, Arma Sina, “Pengaturan Sanksi Administratif Protokol Kesehatan Melalui Peraturan Kepala Daerah,” Jurnal Wasaka Hukum, Vol. 9, No. 1, 2021.
Alfarisy, Salman, Nadrya Ning Tias, and Johan Sahbudin, “Pelanggaran Protokol Kesehatan Covid-19: Ultimum Remedium Atau Primum Remedium (Studi Kasus MRHS),” Indonesia Criminal Law Review, Vol. 1, No. 1, 2021.
Anindyajati, Titis, Irfan Nur Rachman, and Anak Agung Dian Onita, “Konstitusionalitas Norma Sanksi Pidana sebagai Ultimum Remedium Dalam Pembentukan Perundang-Undangan,” Jurnal Konstitusi, Vol. 12, No. 4, 2016.
Benuf, Kornelius, and Muhammad Azhar, “Metodologi Penelitian Hukum sebagai Instrumen Mengurai Permasalahan Hukum Kontemporer,” Jurnal Gema Keadilan, Vol. 7, No. 1, 2020.
Darmika, Ika, “Budaya Hukum (Legal Culture) dan Pengaruhnya,” Jurnal Hukum Tô-Râ Vol. 2 No. 3, 2016.
H Usman, “Analisis Perkembangan Teori Hukum Pidana,” Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Jambi, Vol. 2, No. 1, 2011.
Hakim, Lukmanul, “Survei Tingkat Kepatuhan Masyarakat Melaksanakan Protokol Kesehatan Covid-19 Pasca Penyuluhan,” Jurnal Masyarakat Mandiri, Vol. 5, No. 5, 2021.
Juni, Peter, et al., “Impact of Climate and Public Health Interventions on the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Prospective Cohort Study,” CMAJ Journal 192, No. 21, 2020.
Kesuma, Ulfa and Ahmad Wahyu Hidayat, “Pemikiran Thomas S. Kuhn Teori Revolusi Paradigma,” Islamadina: Jurnal Pemikiran Islam, Vol. 21, No. 2, 2020.
Putri, Karina Sari Wijayanto, dkk, “Penerapan Sanksi Pidana Kepada Pelanggar Protokol Kesehatan Di Tengah Pandemi Covid-19”, Jurnal Akrab Pekanbaru, Vol. 6, No. 2, 2021.
Riyadi, Riyadi and Putri Larasaty, “Faktor Yang Berpengaruh Terhadap Kepatuhan Masyarakat Pada Protokol Kesehatan Dalam Mencegah Penyebaran Covid-19,” Seminar Nasional Official Statistics 2020, No. 1, 2021.
S Lev, Daniel and Claire Holt, Judicial Institutions and Legal Culture in Indonesia, Cornell University Press, Kota, 2019.
Setiawan, Kadek Endra and Ni Putu Noni Suharyanti, “Denda Administrasi Sebagai Ultimum Remedium Dalam Penegakan Hukum Prokes Menurut Pergub Bali Nomor 46/2020,” Jurnal Komunitas Yustisia 4, No. 2, 2021.
Setyanugraha, Joshua Aditya, “Pemidanaan sebagai Upaya Penanganan Pandemi Covid-19,” Jurnal Rechts Vinding Vol. 10, No. 1, 2021.
Sonata, Depri Liber, “Metode Penelitian Hukum Normatif Dan Empiris: Karakteristik Khas Dari Metode Meneliti Hukum,” Fiat Justisia Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, Vol. 8, No. 1, 2014.
Sudibyo, Ateng, dan Aji Halim Rahman, “Dekonstruksi Asas Legalitas Dalam Hukum Pidana,” Journal Presumption of Law 3, No. 1, 2021.
Yunida, Helvy, “Pengaruh PPKM Darurat Dan Protokol Kesehatan 5 M Terhadap Penurunan Covid-19,” Journal of Innovation Research and Knowledge 1, No. 4, 2021.