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Abstract
This study aims to analyze the influence of legal politics in the development of investment in Indonesia and its impact on Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). This research falls into the type of normative legal research with statutory and conceptual approaches. The results of the study conclude that first, the regulation on foreign investment regulated in Law Number 25 of 2007 on Investment is a political product that gives equal treatment to investment from any country, which invests in Indonesia. The regulation provides many facilities for foreign investors, including tax exemptions or relief, capital repatriation, and licensing facilities. Second, that the impact of the legal politics on MSMEs is contrary to the principle of economic democracy in Article 33 of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. Because economic democracy requires the fulfillment of the basic rights of Indonesian citizens, which in this context are MSMEs without any individual who exception, while the provisions according to trade liberalization are based on the thought of capitalism limiting these basic rights and for those who are able to compete who can enjoy the benefits of international trade provisions. Meanwhile, MSMEs still need policy affirmations from the government.
Key Words: Legal politics; investment; MSME
Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh politik hukum dalam perkembangan investasi di Indonesia dan dampaknya terhadap Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM). Penelitian ini termasuk ke dalam jenis penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan konseptual. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan, pertama, bahwa regulasi tentang penanaman modal asing yang diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 25 Tahun 2007 tentang Penanaman Modal merupakan produk politik yang memberikan perlakuan yang sama kepada penanaman modal yang berasal dari negara mana pun, yang melakukan penanaman modal di Indonesia. Regulasi tersebut banyak memberikan fasilitas terhadap penanam modal asing antara lain yaitu pembebasan atau keringanan pajak, repatriasi modal, dan fasilitas perizinan. Kedua, bahwa dampak politik hukum tersebut terhadap UMKM adalah bertentangan dengan prinsip demokrasi ekonomi dalam Pasal 33 Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945. Sebab demokrasi ekonomi menghendaki terpenuhnya hak-hak dasar warga negara Indonesia yang dalam konteks ini adalah UMKM tanpa ada individu yang terkecuali, sedangkan ketentuan-ketentuan menurut liberalisasi perdagangan tersebut dilandasi oleh pemikiran kapitalisme membatasi hak-hak dasar tersebut dan bagi mereka yang mampu bersaing yang dapat menikmati keuntungan dari ketentuan perdagangan internasional. Sedangkan UMKM masih memerlukan afirmasi kebijakan dari pemerintah.
Kata-kata Kunci: Politik hukum; investasi; UMKM
Keywords
Article Details
References
- Buku
- Bagus Rachmadi Supancana, Ida, Kerangka Hukum dan Kebijakan Investasi Langsung di Indonesia, Ghalia Indonesia, Jakarta, 2006.
- Chandrawulan, An, Hukum Perusahaan Multinasional, Liberalisasi Hukum Perdagangan Internasional dan Hukum Penanaman Modal, PT. Alumni, Bandung, 2011.
- H. Jackson, Jhon, et.al., Legal Problem of International Economic Relations, West publishing Co., 1995.
- H.S., Salim, & Budi Sutrisno, Hukum Investasi di Indonesia, Rajawali Press, Jakarta, 2008.
- Long, Oliver, Law and Its Limitation in the GATT Multilateral trade system, Martinus Nijhoff publisher, 1987.
- Mahfud MD, Moh., Politik Hukum Di Indonesia, Rajawali Pers, Jakarta, 2019.
- Mosler, Herman, The International Society as a Legal Community, Sijtihoff & Nordhoff, USA, 1980.
- Siregar, Mahmul, Kesepakatan Perdagangan Yang Terkait Denagn Persyaratan Penanaman Modal, Universitas Sumatra Utara, Medan, 2005.
- Sornarajah, M., Internasiona Investment Law, Cambridge University Press, United Kingdom, 2004.
- Jurnal
- Frenki, “Politik Hukum dan Perannya Dalam Pembangunan Hukum di Indonesia Pasca Reformasi,” Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum dan Ekonomi Islam ASAS Vol. 3 No. 2, 2011.
- Gani Aldashev, “Legal Institutions, Political Economy, and Development”, Oxford Review of Economic Policy, Volume 25, Number 2.
- Hikmahanto Juwana, “Politik Hukum UU Bidang Ekonomi Di Indonesia”, Jurnal Hukum Vol. 01, No.1, 2005.
- La Porta, R., Lopez-de-Silanes, F., and Shleifer, A., ‘The Economic Consequences of Legal Origins’, Journal of Economic Literature, 46 (2), 2008.
- Saparuddin M., Selly, “Effect Invesment and The Rate of Inflation to Economic Growth in Indonesia”, Economic Journal Trikonomika, Volume 14, No. 1, Juni 2015.
References
Buku
Bagus Rachmadi Supancana, Ida, Kerangka Hukum dan Kebijakan Investasi Langsung di Indonesia, Ghalia Indonesia, Jakarta, 2006.
Chandrawulan, An, Hukum Perusahaan Multinasional, Liberalisasi Hukum Perdagangan Internasional dan Hukum Penanaman Modal, PT. Alumni, Bandung, 2011.
H. Jackson, Jhon, et.al., Legal Problem of International Economic Relations, West publishing Co., 1995.
H.S., Salim, & Budi Sutrisno, Hukum Investasi di Indonesia, Rajawali Press, Jakarta, 2008.
Long, Oliver, Law and Its Limitation in the GATT Multilateral trade system, Martinus Nijhoff publisher, 1987.
Mahfud MD, Moh., Politik Hukum Di Indonesia, Rajawali Pers, Jakarta, 2019.
Mosler, Herman, The International Society as a Legal Community, Sijtihoff & Nordhoff, USA, 1980.
Siregar, Mahmul, Kesepakatan Perdagangan Yang Terkait Denagn Persyaratan Penanaman Modal, Universitas Sumatra Utara, Medan, 2005.
Sornarajah, M., Internasiona Investment Law, Cambridge University Press, United Kingdom, 2004.
Jurnal
Frenki, “Politik Hukum dan Perannya Dalam Pembangunan Hukum di Indonesia Pasca Reformasi,” Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum dan Ekonomi Islam ASAS Vol. 3 No. 2, 2011.
Gani Aldashev, “Legal Institutions, Political Economy, and Development”, Oxford Review of Economic Policy, Volume 25, Number 2.
Hikmahanto Juwana, “Politik Hukum UU Bidang Ekonomi Di Indonesia”, Jurnal Hukum Vol. 01, No.1, 2005.
La Porta, R., Lopez-de-Silanes, F., and Shleifer, A., ‘The Economic Consequences of Legal Origins’, Journal of Economic Literature, 46 (2), 2008.
Saparuddin M., Selly, “Effect Invesment and The Rate of Inflation to Economic Growth in Indonesia”, Economic Journal Trikonomika, Volume 14, No. 1, Juni 2015.