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Abstract
The Constitutional Court is the only state institution that can carry out constitutional review of regulations and the result is expressed through a decision. The decision of the Constitutional Court is final and binding and at that time the principle of erga omnes applies where the legal force of the Constitutional Court's decision applies to anyone, not just limited to the parties involved in the case. This research aims to analyze the legal politics of 4 (four) Constitutional Court Decisions based on their nature and principles and shows their urgency. The approach method used is normative juridical with descriptive analysis. The results of this research are that the legal politics of executing Constitutional Court decisions has not yet been implemented because in reality there are still situations where decisions are not in harmony with statutory regulations, returning to statutory regulations before amendments, not followed by new and complicated statutory regulations. to be implemented. The legal political urgency of executing Constitutional Court decisions must return to the principle of final and binding nature as well as the principle of erga omnes, one of which is through ab initio confirmation if the decision is not complied with by other state institutions.
Keywords: Constitutional Court, Constitutional Court Decision, Political Law
Abstrak
Mahkamah Konstitusi adalah satu-satunya lembaga negara yang dapat melakukan uji konstitusional terhadap undang-undang dan hasilnya dinyatakan melalui putusan. Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi bersifat final dan mengikat (binding) serta pada saat itu pula berlaku asas erga omnes di mana kekuatan hukum Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi berlaku pada siapa saja, tidak hanya terbatas berlaku bagi para pihak yang berperkara. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis politik hukum dari 4 (empat) Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi berdasarkan sifat dan asas serta menunjukkan urgensinya. Metode pendekatan yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif dengan analisis deskriptif. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah politik hukum eksekusi Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi belum berjalan sebab pada kenyataannya masih terdapat keadaan di mana putusan tidak harmonis dengan peraturan perundang-undangan, kembali pada peraturan perundang-undangan sebelum amandemen, tidak diikuti oleh peraturan perundang-undangan yang baru dan rumit untuk dilaksanakan. Urgensi politik hukum eksekusi Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi harus kembali kepada prinsip sifat final dan mengikat (binding) serta asas erga omnes salah satunya melalui penegasan ab initio apabila putusan tidak dipatuhi oleh pihak lembaga negara lain.
Kata Kunci: Mahkamah Konstitusi, Politik Hukum, Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi
Keywords
Article Details
Copyright (c) 2024 Adissya Mega Christia, Lidya Christina Wardhani, Marsatana Tartila Tristy, Faizal Adi Surya
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References
Adithya Tri Firmansyah, Anwar Cengkeng dan Sirajuddin, “Rekonstruksi Pengujian Kembali Terhadap Putusan Pengujian Undang-Undang Di Mahkamah Konstitusi Untuk Meminimalisir Dampak Sifat Putusan Yang Final Dan Mengikat”, dalam Prosiding The 4th Conference on Innovation and Application of Science and Technology. Malang: Universitas Widyagama, 2021.
Agoes Djatmiko, Elisabeth Pudyastiwi dan Elly Kristiani Purwendah, “JURIDICAL REVIEW OF CHANGES TO THE DECISION OF THE CONSTITUTIONAL COURT IN THE 2024 GENERAL ELECTION CONTESTATION REVIEWED FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF INDONESIAN CONSTITUTIONAL LAW”, GANESHA LAW REVIEW 6, no. 1 (2024): 50.
Amien Ru'ati, Garciano Nirahua dan Ronny Soplantila, “Kekuatan Eksekutorial Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Yang Bersifat Final Dan Mengikat di Indonesia”, Pattimura Legal Journal 1, no. 1, (2022): 29.
Andy Omara, “INTERPRETING THE INDONESIAN CONSTITUTIONAL COURT APPROACH IN CONDUCTING JUDICIAL REVIEW ON CASES RELATED TO ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL RIGHTS”, Indonesia Law Review 7, no. 2 (2017): 140.
Aprilian Sumodiningrat, “Penguatan Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi sebagai Politik Hukum Legislatif”, Jurnal Konstitusi 20, no. 2 (2023): 275.
Askari Razak,”Balancing Civil and Political Rights: Constitutional Court Powers in Indonesia and Austria”, Journal of Indonesian Legal Studies 8, no. 2 (2023): 1312.
Ayuk Hardani dan Lita Tyesta Addy Listiya Wardhani, “Implementasi Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor: 30/PUNDANG-UNDANG -XVI/2018 Menurut Sistem Hukum di Indonesia,” Jurnal Pembangunan Hukum Indonesia 1, no.2 (2019): 182-193.
Bagijo, Himawan Estu. NEGARA HUKUM & MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSI (Perwujudan Negara Hukum yang Demokratis Melalui Wewenang Mahkamah Konstitusi dalam Pengujuan Undang-undang). Sleman: LaksBang Grafika, 2014.
Bertus de Villiers, Saldi Isra dan Pan Mohamad Faiz (Ed.), “Courts and diversity : twenty years of the constitutional court of Indonesia”, Brill’s Asian law series 12 (2024): 58.
Darwis, M., “Review Of Indonesian Constitutional Court Decision Number 21-22/PUU-V/2007 Based On The Inclusive Legal Theory”, Prophetic Law Review, 1(1), (2019), 21–36.
Dian Ayu Widya Ningrum, dkk, “Format Ideal Tindak Lanjut Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi untuk Mengefektifkan Asas Erga Omnes”, Jurnal Konstitusi 19, no.2 (2022): 334-358.
Fadzlun Budi Sulistyo Nugroho, “Sifat Keberlakuan Asas Erga Omnes dan Implementasi Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi," Gorontalo Law Review 2, no. 2 (2019): 95-104.
Fauzan, Ahmad, Ayon Diniyanto, and Abdul Hamid, “Regulation Arrangement through The Judicial Power: The Challenges of Adding the Authority of The Constitutional Court and The Supreme Court”, Journal of Law and Legal Reform 3, no. 3 (2022): 406.
Febriansyah Ramadhan dan Ilham Dwi Rafiqi, “Study of Constitutional Court Decisions cancelling All Norms in the Law”, Legality: Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum 29, no.2 (2021): 306.
Huda, Nimatul, Dodik Setiawan Nur Heriyanto, and Allan Fatchan Gani Wardhana, ‘The Urgency of the Constitutional Preview of Law on the Ratification of International Treaty by the Constitutional Court in Indonesia’, Heliyon, 7.9 (2021): 7886.
Indonesia’s Constitutional Court and public opinion, https://www.newmandala.org/indonesias-constitutional-court-public-opinion/, diakses tanggal 2 Juni 2023.
Iskandar A. Gani dkk , “The Constitutional Court’s Protection and Fulfilment of the Citizens’ Rights: Constitutional and Islamic Law Perspectives”, Samarah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga dan Hukum Islam 8, no. 1 (2024): 334.
Izzul Fata, “Pengujian Undang-Undang Oleh Mahkamah Konstitusi Ditinjau Dari Perspektif Politik Hukum”, Focus of Law 1, no.2 (2021): 70.
Ketua MK: Putusan MK Turut Menentukan Politik Hukum dan Pembaharuan Hukum Nasional,https://www.mkri.id/index.php?page=web.Berita&id=10310, diakses tanggal 2 Juni 2023.
Kornelius Benuf dan Muhammad Azhar, “Metodologi Penelitian Hukum sebagai Instrumen Mengurai Permasalahan Hukum Kontemporer,” Jurnal Gema Keadilan 7, no. 1 (2020): 26.
Kt. Sukewati Lanang P. Perbawa, “Open Justice Policy in Constitutional Court Decision and Law in Indonesia”, International Journal of Criminal Justice Science 18, no.2 (2023): 97.
Luh Putu Vera Astri Pujayanti, dkk., “INDONESIA'S CONSTITUTIONAL COURT: BASTION OF LAW ENFORCEMENT AND PROTECTOR OF HUMAN RIGHTS IN THE REFORM ERA”, Journal Pamator 17, no. 1 (2024): 46.
Martitah. Mahkamah Konstitusi: Dari Negative Legislature Ke Positive Legislature? Jakarta: Konstitusi Press, 2013.
Mia Hadiati, “Observing The Differences in Constitutional Court Decision About the Legal Age of Marriage”, Jurnal Konstitusi 19, no. 3 (2022): 643-672.
M. Agus Maulidi, “Menyoal Kekuatan Eksekutorial Putusan Final dan Mengikat Mahkamah Konstitusi”, Jurnal Konstitusi 16, no.2 (2019): 339-362.
Moh. Thohir dan Didik Sukriono, “IMPLEMENTATION AUTHORITY OF THE CONSTITUTIONAL COURT IN THE INDONESIAN CONSTITUTIONAL LAW SYSTEM”, Awang Long Law Review 6, no. 2 (2024): 350.
Mohammad Rezza Naufal, Fifiana Wisnaeni dan Ratna Herawati , “Analisis Yuridis Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 107/PUU-XIII/2015 Tentang Pengujian Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 2010 Tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 22 Tahun 2002 Tentang Grasi Terhadap Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945”, Diponegoro Law Journal 6, no. 2 (2017): 11.
Muchamad Ali Safa’at,” The Roles of the Indonesian Constitutional Court in Determining State-Religion Relations”, Constitutional Review 8, no. 1 (2022): 113-150.
Muchamad Lutfi Hakim dan Rasji, “Penerapan Asas Erga Omnes dalam Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 30/PUU-XVI/2018 dikaitkan dengan Asas Negative Legislator,” Jurnal Hukum Adigama 1, no. 2 (2019): 800-824.
Muhammad Siddiq Armia, “CONSTITUTIONAL COURTS AND JUDICIAL REVIEW: LESSON LEARNED FOR INDONESIA”, NEGARA HUKUM 8, no. 1 (2017): 108.
Muhtar Said, dkk., “EVOLUTION OF JUDICIAL REVIEW IN INDONESIA: A COMPREHENSIVE LEGAL ANALYSIS”, RUSSIAN LAW JOURNAL XII, no. 1 (2024): 1982.
Rudy, Utia Meylina dan Rifandy Ritonga, “From state sovereignty to people sovereignty: A case study of Indonesia’s constitutional court”, Journal of Legal, Ethical and Regulatory Issues 24, no. 7 (2021): 3.
Salvaging the Constitutional Court, https://www.thejakartapost.com/opinion/2023/10/18/salvaging-the-constitutional-court.html, diakses tanggal 2 Juni 2023.
Siahaan, Maruarar. HUKUM ACARA MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSI REPUBLIK INDONESIA, Jakarta: Sinar Grafika, 2020.
Simon Butt dan Prayekti Murharjanti, “What Constitutes Compliance? Legislative Responses To Constitutional Court Decisions In Indonesia”, Critical Review of Jurisprudence 20, no. 1 (2022): 450.
Siti Noor Khatija Ibrahim, “The Constitutional Court’s Journey to Bureaucratic Reform”, International Journal Administration, Business & Organization 5, no. 1 (2024): 117.
Syukron Abdul Qadir dan Jefrianus Tamo Ama, “The Role of the Constitutional Court in Adjudicating Regional Election Disputes”, International Journal Assulta of Law Review 1, no.2 (2024): 63.
References
Adithya Tri Firmansyah, Anwar Cengkeng dan Sirajuddin, “Rekonstruksi Pengujian Kembali Terhadap Putusan Pengujian Undang-Undang Di Mahkamah Konstitusi Untuk Meminimalisir Dampak Sifat Putusan Yang Final Dan Mengikat”, dalam Prosiding The 4th Conference on Innovation and Application of Science and Technology. Malang: Universitas Widyagama, 2021.
Agoes Djatmiko, Elisabeth Pudyastiwi dan Elly Kristiani Purwendah, “JURIDICAL REVIEW OF CHANGES TO THE DECISION OF THE CONSTITUTIONAL COURT IN THE 2024 GENERAL ELECTION CONTESTATION REVIEWED FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF INDONESIAN CONSTITUTIONAL LAW”, GANESHA LAW REVIEW 6, no. 1 (2024): 50.
Amien Ru'ati, Garciano Nirahua dan Ronny Soplantila, “Kekuatan Eksekutorial Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Yang Bersifat Final Dan Mengikat di Indonesia”, Pattimura Legal Journal 1, no. 1, (2022): 29.
Andy Omara, “INTERPRETING THE INDONESIAN CONSTITUTIONAL COURT APPROACH IN CONDUCTING JUDICIAL REVIEW ON CASES RELATED TO ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL RIGHTS”, Indonesia Law Review 7, no. 2 (2017): 140.
Aprilian Sumodiningrat, “Penguatan Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi sebagai Politik Hukum Legislatif”, Jurnal Konstitusi 20, no. 2 (2023): 275.
Askari Razak,”Balancing Civil and Political Rights: Constitutional Court Powers in Indonesia and Austria”, Journal of Indonesian Legal Studies 8, no. 2 (2023): 1312.
Ayuk Hardani dan Lita Tyesta Addy Listiya Wardhani, “Implementasi Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor: 30/PUNDANG-UNDANG -XVI/2018 Menurut Sistem Hukum di Indonesia,” Jurnal Pembangunan Hukum Indonesia 1, no.2 (2019): 182-193.
Bagijo, Himawan Estu. NEGARA HUKUM & MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSI (Perwujudan Negara Hukum yang Demokratis Melalui Wewenang Mahkamah Konstitusi dalam Pengujuan Undang-undang). Sleman: LaksBang Grafika, 2014.
Bertus de Villiers, Saldi Isra dan Pan Mohamad Faiz (Ed.), “Courts and diversity : twenty years of the constitutional court of Indonesia”, Brill’s Asian law series 12 (2024): 58.
Darwis, M., “Review Of Indonesian Constitutional Court Decision Number 21-22/PUU-V/2007 Based On The Inclusive Legal Theory”, Prophetic Law Review, 1(1), (2019), 21–36.
Dian Ayu Widya Ningrum, dkk, “Format Ideal Tindak Lanjut Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi untuk Mengefektifkan Asas Erga Omnes”, Jurnal Konstitusi 19, no.2 (2022): 334-358.
Fadzlun Budi Sulistyo Nugroho, “Sifat Keberlakuan Asas Erga Omnes dan Implementasi Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi," Gorontalo Law Review 2, no. 2 (2019): 95-104.
Fauzan, Ahmad, Ayon Diniyanto, and Abdul Hamid, “Regulation Arrangement through The Judicial Power: The Challenges of Adding the Authority of The Constitutional Court and The Supreme Court”, Journal of Law and Legal Reform 3, no. 3 (2022): 406.
Febriansyah Ramadhan dan Ilham Dwi Rafiqi, “Study of Constitutional Court Decisions cancelling All Norms in the Law”, Legality: Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum 29, no.2 (2021): 306.
Huda, Nimatul, Dodik Setiawan Nur Heriyanto, and Allan Fatchan Gani Wardhana, ‘The Urgency of the Constitutional Preview of Law on the Ratification of International Treaty by the Constitutional Court in Indonesia’, Heliyon, 7.9 (2021): 7886.
Indonesia’s Constitutional Court and public opinion, https://www.newmandala.org/indonesias-constitutional-court-public-opinion/, diakses tanggal 2 Juni 2023.
Iskandar A. Gani dkk , “The Constitutional Court’s Protection and Fulfilment of the Citizens’ Rights: Constitutional and Islamic Law Perspectives”, Samarah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga dan Hukum Islam 8, no. 1 (2024): 334.
Izzul Fata, “Pengujian Undang-Undang Oleh Mahkamah Konstitusi Ditinjau Dari Perspektif Politik Hukum”, Focus of Law 1, no.2 (2021): 70.
Ketua MK: Putusan MK Turut Menentukan Politik Hukum dan Pembaharuan Hukum Nasional,https://www.mkri.id/index.php?page=web.Berita&id=10310, diakses tanggal 2 Juni 2023.
Kornelius Benuf dan Muhammad Azhar, “Metodologi Penelitian Hukum sebagai Instrumen Mengurai Permasalahan Hukum Kontemporer,” Jurnal Gema Keadilan 7, no. 1 (2020): 26.
Kt. Sukewati Lanang P. Perbawa, “Open Justice Policy in Constitutional Court Decision and Law in Indonesia”, International Journal of Criminal Justice Science 18, no.2 (2023): 97.
Luh Putu Vera Astri Pujayanti, dkk., “INDONESIA'S CONSTITUTIONAL COURT: BASTION OF LAW ENFORCEMENT AND PROTECTOR OF HUMAN RIGHTS IN THE REFORM ERA”, Journal Pamator 17, no. 1 (2024): 46.
Martitah. Mahkamah Konstitusi: Dari Negative Legislature Ke Positive Legislature? Jakarta: Konstitusi Press, 2013.
Mia Hadiati, “Observing The Differences in Constitutional Court Decision About the Legal Age of Marriage”, Jurnal Konstitusi 19, no. 3 (2022): 643-672.
M. Agus Maulidi, “Menyoal Kekuatan Eksekutorial Putusan Final dan Mengikat Mahkamah Konstitusi”, Jurnal Konstitusi 16, no.2 (2019): 339-362.
Moh. Thohir dan Didik Sukriono, “IMPLEMENTATION AUTHORITY OF THE CONSTITUTIONAL COURT IN THE INDONESIAN CONSTITUTIONAL LAW SYSTEM”, Awang Long Law Review 6, no. 2 (2024): 350.
Mohammad Rezza Naufal, Fifiana Wisnaeni dan Ratna Herawati , “Analisis Yuridis Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 107/PUU-XIII/2015 Tentang Pengujian Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 2010 Tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 22 Tahun 2002 Tentang Grasi Terhadap Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945”, Diponegoro Law Journal 6, no. 2 (2017): 11.
Muchamad Ali Safa’at,” The Roles of the Indonesian Constitutional Court in Determining State-Religion Relations”, Constitutional Review 8, no. 1 (2022): 113-150.
Muchamad Lutfi Hakim dan Rasji, “Penerapan Asas Erga Omnes dalam Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 30/PUU-XVI/2018 dikaitkan dengan Asas Negative Legislator,” Jurnal Hukum Adigama 1, no. 2 (2019): 800-824.
Muhammad Siddiq Armia, “CONSTITUTIONAL COURTS AND JUDICIAL REVIEW: LESSON LEARNED FOR INDONESIA”, NEGARA HUKUM 8, no. 1 (2017): 108.
Muhtar Said, dkk., “EVOLUTION OF JUDICIAL REVIEW IN INDONESIA: A COMPREHENSIVE LEGAL ANALYSIS”, RUSSIAN LAW JOURNAL XII, no. 1 (2024): 1982.
Rudy, Utia Meylina dan Rifandy Ritonga, “From state sovereignty to people sovereignty: A case study of Indonesia’s constitutional court”, Journal of Legal, Ethical and Regulatory Issues 24, no. 7 (2021): 3.
Salvaging the Constitutional Court, https://www.thejakartapost.com/opinion/2023/10/18/salvaging-the-constitutional-court.html, diakses tanggal 2 Juni 2023.
Siahaan, Maruarar. HUKUM ACARA MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSI REPUBLIK INDONESIA, Jakarta: Sinar Grafika, 2020.
Simon Butt dan Prayekti Murharjanti, “What Constitutes Compliance? Legislative Responses To Constitutional Court Decisions In Indonesia”, Critical Review of Jurisprudence 20, no. 1 (2022): 450.
Siti Noor Khatija Ibrahim, “The Constitutional Court’s Journey to Bureaucratic Reform”, International Journal Administration, Business & Organization 5, no. 1 (2024): 117.
Syukron Abdul Qadir dan Jefrianus Tamo Ama, “The Role of the Constitutional Court in Adjudicating Regional Election Disputes”, International Journal Assulta of Law Review 1, no.2 (2024): 63.