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Abstract
Undefined working hours and no boundaries between work-life balance are problems experienced by workers today. This research aims to first, examine the urgency of the possible implementation of the right to disconnect; secondly, provide a concept regarding the possibility of implementing the right to disconnect as an effort to fulfill and protect workers' rights in Indonesia. The research method used is the normative juridical method with statutory, comparative, and conceptual approaches. The results of this research are: first, the urgency that drives the implementation of the right to disconnect, namely; a) philosophically, the idea of the right to disconnect has been mandated by Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia; b) sociologically, the phenomenon of work flexibility without limiting working hours causes health and psychological problems; c) juridically, provisions regarding working hours regulations for workers in the digital era have not been regulated comprehensively; secondly, the concept of the possibility of implementing the right to disconnect in Indonesia can be regulated through law. This research recommends adding a phrase containing the right to disconnect provision in the Labor Law.
Keywords: Right to Disconnect, Fulfillment, Protection, Workers.
Abstrak
Jam kerja yang tidak terbatas dan tidak adanya batasan antara kehidupan pribadi dan kehidupan pekerjaan menjadi permasalahan yang dialami oleh seorang pekerja saat ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk pertama, mengkaji urgensi kemungkinan penerapan right to disconnect; kedua, memberikan konsep mengenai kemungkinan penerapan right to disconnect sebagai upaya pemenuhan dan perlindungan terhadap hak pekerja di Indonesia. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, perbandingan, dan konseptual. Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu: pertama, urgensi yang mendorong penerapan right to disconnect yaitu; a) secara filosofis, gagasan right to disconnect telah diamanatkan oleh Pancasila dan UUD NRI 1945; b) secara sosiologis, fenomena fleksbilitas kerja tanpa membatasi jam kerja menyebabkan permasalahan kesehatan dan psikologis; c) secara yuridis, ketentuan mengenai peraturan jam kerja untuk para pekerja di era digital belum diatur secara komprehensif; kedua, konsep dari kemungkinan penerapan right to disconnect di Indonesia dapat diatur melalui UU. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan untuk menambahkan frasa yang memuat ketentuan right to disconnect di dalam UU Ketenagakerjaan.
Kata Kunci: Right to Disconnect, Pemenuhan, Perlindungan, Pekerja.
Keywords
Article Details
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References
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Suseno, Franz Magnis. Etika Politik: Prinsip Moral Dasar Kenegaraan Modern. Jakarta. Gramedia. 2019.
Weber, Tina. Right to disconnect: Exploring company practices. UK. Luxembourg: Publication Office of the European Union. e-book. https://www.bollettinoadapt.it/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/ef21049en.pdf.
Becker, Willia J. “Killiung me Softly: Electronic Communication and Employee and Spouse Well-Being”, Academy of Management Proceedings: AOM Annual Meeting Procidings, No. 1, Chichago, 2018.
Cahyani, Ni Kadek Mitha Sri dan A.A. Istri Eka Krisna Yanti. “Implementasi Upah Lembur Terhadap Tenaga Kerja Berdasarkan Keputusan Menteri Tenaga Kerja dan Transmigrasi Nomor 102 Tahun 2004”, Kerta Dyatmika: Jurnal Ilmiah Fakultas Hukum Universitas Dwijendra, Vol. 17, No. 2, 2020.
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Mungkasa, Oswar. “Bekerja dari Rumah (Working from Home/WFH): Menuju Tatanan Baru Era Pandemi Covid 19”, The Indonesian Journal of Development Planning, IV, No. 2, Juni 2020.
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Noval, Sayid Muhamad Rifqi. “Evolusi Hak Pekerja di Era Digital: Prawacana Right to Disconnect di Indonesia”, Jurnal Bina Mulia Hukum, Vol. 6, No. 2, 2022.
Pansu, Luc. “Evaluation of Right to Disonnect Legislation and Its Impact on Employee’s Productivity”, Jurnal Internasional of Management and Applied, Vol. 5, No. 3, Oktober 2018.
Secunda, Paul M. “The Employee Right to Disconnect”, Jurnal Notre Dame of International & Comparative Law, Vol. 9, No. 1, Februari 2019.
Sefrina, Linda Riski. “Dampak Pekerjaan Shift Malam Pada Kesehatan Pekerja”, Jurnal Gizi Kerja dan Produktivitas, 2, No. 2, 2021.
Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945.
Undang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2013 tentang Ketenagakerjaan (Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2003 Nomor 39) sebagaimana terakhir diubah dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2020 tentang Cipta Kerja (Lembaran Negara Tahun 2020 Nomor 245).
__________ “Right to Disconnect Legislation in Europe”. https://www.capital-ges.com/right-to-disconnect-legislation-in-europe/, Capital, diakses pada 6 Mei 2022.
Bayu, Dimas Jarot. “Survei: Bekerja Jarak Jauh Makin Marak di Indonesia saat Pandemi Covid-19”. https://databoks.katadata.co.id/datapublish/2021/06/17/survei-bekerja-jarak-jauh-makin-marak-di-indonesia-saat-pandemi-covid-19. diakses pada 5 November 2022.
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Gray, Patrick. “Are Right to Disconnect laws the right idea?”. https://www.techrepublic.com/article/are-right-to-disconnect-laws-the-right-idea/ diakses pada 5 November 2022.
Hartomo, Giri. “Pandangan Pengusaha Soal Pandemi Covid-19: Ini Perang”, https://ekbis.sindonews.com/read/404746/34/pandangan-pengusaha-soal-pandemi-covid-19-ini-perang-1619042644, diakses pada 16 Juni 2022.
HSE National Employee Relations. “HSE Right to Disconnect Policy for Public Health Service Employees”. https://assets.hse.ie/media/documents /Right_to_disconnect_policy.pdf. diakses pada 5 November 2022.
Kartika, Unoviana. “Lembur 30 Jam Picu Kematian Seorang “Copywritter”, https://health.kompas.com/read/2013/12/16/1106346/Lembur.30.Jam.Picu.Kematian.Seorang.Copywriter.Muda, diakses pada 25 Juni 2022.
Kitchen, Matthew. How to Disconnect From “Always on Work Culture”, How to Disconnect From ‘Always On’ Work Culture - WSJ diakses pada 17 Juni 2022.
Konfederasi Serikat Buruh Seluruh Indonesia, “’Right to Disconnect’ Isu yang Harus Diketahui Sertikat Buruh, Apa itu?” https://www.ksbsi.org/home /read/1457/-Right-to-Disconnect--Isu-yang-Harus-Diketahui-Serikat-Buruh--Apa-Itu diakses pada 5 November 2022.
Kristo, Fino Yurio. “Pegawai Tewas Begadang di Kantor, Starup ini Diinvestigasi”, https://inet.detik.com/business/d-5322715/pegawai-tewas-begadang-di-kantor-startup-ini-diinvestigasi, diakses pada 16 Juni 2022.
Lidwina, Andrea. “52% Pekerja Global Bekerja dari Rumah selama Pandemi Covid-19”.https://databoks.katadata.co.id/datapublish/2021/01/06/52-pekerja-global-bekerja-dari-rumah-selama-pandemi-covid-19 diakses pada 5 November 2022.
Nur, Mochammad Fajar. “Wanita 21 Tahun Stroke-Koma Gegara Begadang, Pakar Ingatkan Bahaya Kurang Tidur”, https://health.detik.com/berita-detik health/d-6112207/wanita-21-tahun-stroke-koma-gegara-begadang-pakar-ingatkan-bahaya-kurang-tidur diakses pada 7 Juli 2022.
Sebayang, Rehia. “Menengok Undang-Undang Right to Disconnect di Eropa, Apa itu?”. https://www.idntimes.com/business/economy/rehia-indrayanti-br-sebayang/sejumlah-negara-eropa-berlakukan-undang-undang-right-to-disconnect diakses pada 5 November 2022.
Shabrina, Andisa. “Berbagai Risiko Masalah Kesehatan yang Dihadapi Pekerja Shift Malam”. https://hellosehat.com/pola-tidur/gangguan-tidur/dampak-kerja-shift-malam/ diakses pada 5 November 2022.
Zakir. “Pengaruh Shift Kerja terhadap Psikologi Pekerja (Influence of Work Shift to Psychology”. https://steemit.com/work/@zakir43/pengaruh-shift-kerja-terhadap-psikologi-pekerja-influence-of-work-shift-to-psychology-2017715t15424681z diakses pada 5 November 2022.
References
Sanggono, Bambang. Metodologi Penelitian Hukum Suatu Pengantar. Ctk. Keempat. RajaGrafindo Persada. Jakarta. 2002.
Suseno, Franz Magnis. Etika Politik: Prinsip Moral Dasar Kenegaraan Modern. Jakarta. Gramedia. 2019.
Weber, Tina. Right to disconnect: Exploring company practices. UK. Luxembourg: Publication Office of the European Union. e-book. https://www.bollettinoadapt.it/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/ef21049en.pdf.
Becker, Willia J. “Killiung me Softly: Electronic Communication and Employee and Spouse Well-Being”, Academy of Management Proceedings: AOM Annual Meeting Procidings, No. 1, Chichago, 2018.
Cahyani, Ni Kadek Mitha Sri dan A.A. Istri Eka Krisna Yanti. “Implementasi Upah Lembur Terhadap Tenaga Kerja Berdasarkan Keputusan Menteri Tenaga Kerja dan Transmigrasi Nomor 102 Tahun 2004”, Kerta Dyatmika: Jurnal Ilmiah Fakultas Hukum Universitas Dwijendra, Vol. 17, No. 2, 2020.
Coccoli, Jacopo. “The Challenges of New Tehcnologies in the Implementation of Human Right: an Analysisof some critical issues in the Digital Era”, Jurnal Peach Human Rights Governance, Vol. l1, No. 2, Juli 2017.
European Parliament. “The Right to Disconnect”, Briefing European Added Value in Action, 2020.
Ipsos. “The Covid-19 Pandemic’s Impact on Workers”, Lives: 28-Country Ipsos Survey for the World Economic Forum, Ipsos, Paris, 2020.
Marcum. “Never Off the Clock: The Legal Implications of Employees After Hours Work”, Labour Law Journal, Vol. 69, No. 2, September 2018.
Mungkasa, Oswar. “Bekerja dari Rumah (Working from Home/WFH): Menuju Tatanan Baru Era Pandemi Covid 19”, The Indonesian Journal of Development Planning, IV, No. 2, Juni 2020.
Mustari. “Hak Atas Pekerjaan dengan Upah yang Seimbang”, Supremasi Jurnal Pemikiran, Penelitian Ilmu-ilmu Sosial, Hukum, dan Pengajarnya, Vol. XI, No. 2, 2016.
Noval, Sayid Muhamad Rifqi. “Evolusi Hak Pekerja di Era Digital: Prawacana Right to Disconnect di Indonesia”, Jurnal Bina Mulia Hukum, Vol. 6, No. 2, 2022.
Pansu, Luc. “Evaluation of Right to Disonnect Legislation and Its Impact on Employee’s Productivity”, Jurnal Internasional of Management and Applied, Vol. 5, No. 3, Oktober 2018.
Secunda, Paul M. “The Employee Right to Disconnect”, Jurnal Notre Dame of International & Comparative Law, Vol. 9, No. 1, Februari 2019.
Sefrina, Linda Riski. “Dampak Pekerjaan Shift Malam Pada Kesehatan Pekerja”, Jurnal Gizi Kerja dan Produktivitas, 2, No. 2, 2021.
Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945.
Undang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2013 tentang Ketenagakerjaan (Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2003 Nomor 39) sebagaimana terakhir diubah dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2020 tentang Cipta Kerja (Lembaran Negara Tahun 2020 Nomor 245).
__________ “Right to Disconnect Legislation in Europe”. https://www.capital-ges.com/right-to-disconnect-legislation-in-europe/, Capital, diakses pada 6 Mei 2022.
Bayu, Dimas Jarot. “Survei: Bekerja Jarak Jauh Makin Marak di Indonesia saat Pandemi Covid-19”. https://databoks.katadata.co.id/datapublish/2021/06/17/survei-bekerja-jarak-jauh-makin-marak-di-indonesia-saat-pandemi-covid-19. diakses pada 5 November 2022.
Burke, Melody. “The Right to Disconnect: Emerging Issues and Ways to Overcome Them”, https://onlabor.org/the-right-to-disconnect-emerging-issues-and-ways-to-overcome-them/ diakses pada 5 November 2022.
Gray, Patrick. “Are Right to Disconnect laws the right idea?”. https://www.techrepublic.com/article/are-right-to-disconnect-laws-the-right-idea/ diakses pada 5 November 2022.
Hartomo, Giri. “Pandangan Pengusaha Soal Pandemi Covid-19: Ini Perang”, https://ekbis.sindonews.com/read/404746/34/pandangan-pengusaha-soal-pandemi-covid-19-ini-perang-1619042644, diakses pada 16 Juni 2022.
HSE National Employee Relations. “HSE Right to Disconnect Policy for Public Health Service Employees”. https://assets.hse.ie/media/documents /Right_to_disconnect_policy.pdf. diakses pada 5 November 2022.
Kartika, Unoviana. “Lembur 30 Jam Picu Kematian Seorang “Copywritter”, https://health.kompas.com/read/2013/12/16/1106346/Lembur.30.Jam.Picu.Kematian.Seorang.Copywriter.Muda, diakses pada 25 Juni 2022.
Kitchen, Matthew. How to Disconnect From “Always on Work Culture”, How to Disconnect From ‘Always On’ Work Culture - WSJ diakses pada 17 Juni 2022.
Konfederasi Serikat Buruh Seluruh Indonesia, “’Right to Disconnect’ Isu yang Harus Diketahui Sertikat Buruh, Apa itu?” https://www.ksbsi.org/home /read/1457/-Right-to-Disconnect--Isu-yang-Harus-Diketahui-Serikat-Buruh--Apa-Itu diakses pada 5 November 2022.
Kristo, Fino Yurio. “Pegawai Tewas Begadang di Kantor, Starup ini Diinvestigasi”, https://inet.detik.com/business/d-5322715/pegawai-tewas-begadang-di-kantor-startup-ini-diinvestigasi, diakses pada 16 Juni 2022.
Lidwina, Andrea. “52% Pekerja Global Bekerja dari Rumah selama Pandemi Covid-19”.https://databoks.katadata.co.id/datapublish/2021/01/06/52-pekerja-global-bekerja-dari-rumah-selama-pandemi-covid-19 diakses pada 5 November 2022.
Nur, Mochammad Fajar. “Wanita 21 Tahun Stroke-Koma Gegara Begadang, Pakar Ingatkan Bahaya Kurang Tidur”, https://health.detik.com/berita-detik health/d-6112207/wanita-21-tahun-stroke-koma-gegara-begadang-pakar-ingatkan-bahaya-kurang-tidur diakses pada 7 Juli 2022.
Sebayang, Rehia. “Menengok Undang-Undang Right to Disconnect di Eropa, Apa itu?”. https://www.idntimes.com/business/economy/rehia-indrayanti-br-sebayang/sejumlah-negara-eropa-berlakukan-undang-undang-right-to-disconnect diakses pada 5 November 2022.
Shabrina, Andisa. “Berbagai Risiko Masalah Kesehatan yang Dihadapi Pekerja Shift Malam”. https://hellosehat.com/pola-tidur/gangguan-tidur/dampak-kerja-shift-malam/ diakses pada 5 November 2022.
Zakir. “Pengaruh Shift Kerja terhadap Psikologi Pekerja (Influence of Work Shift to Psychology”. https://steemit.com/work/@zakir43/pengaruh-shift-kerja-terhadap-psikologi-pekerja-influence-of-work-shift-to-psychology-2017715t15424681z diakses pada 5 November 2022.