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Abstract
This research aims to analyze the urgency of setting a minimum amount of debt as a requirement in bankruptcy applications in Indonesia by comparing it with the minimum amount of debt regulation in the United States. This type of research is normative legal research. The results of this research conclude that there is an urgency to regulate further bankruptcy requirements because the consequences of bankruptcy are very large for debtors, and Supreme Court Regulation Number 14 of 2019 concerning Procedures for Settlement of Simple Claims can be used as a reference in regulating the minimum amount of debt in the bankruptcy and the regulation of bankruptcy law in the United States, the US Bankruptcy Code is more comprehensive and responsive because it regulates the minimum amount of debt which is adjusted to the type of debtor who is going to file for bankruptcy. In contrast, Indonesia does not restrict the minimum amount of debt.
Keywords: the minimum amount of debt, bankruptcy requirements, debtor
Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis urgensi pengaturan minimal utang sebagai persyaratan dalam permohonan pailit di Indonesia dengan melakukan perbandingan dengan pengaturan minimal utang di Amerika Serikat. Jenis Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa adanya urgensi untuk mengatur syarat kepailitan lebih lanjut karena akibat pailit yang sangat besar bagi debitor dan Peraturan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 14 Tahun 2019 tentang Tata Cara Penyelesaian Gugatan Sederhana dapat dijadikan sebagai acuan dalam mengatur jumlah minimal utang dalam kepailitan dan pengaturan hukum kepailitan di Amerika Serikat dalam US Bankruptcy Code lebih komprehensif dan responsif karena memiliki pengaturan jumlah minimal utang yang disesuaikan dengan jenis debitor yang akan dimohonkan pailit, sedangkan Indonesia tidak mengatur jumlah minimal utang.
Kata Kunci: jumlah minimal utang, syarat kepailitan, debitor.
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References
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Badan Pembinaan Hukum Nasional, 2018, Naskah Akademik Rancangan Undang-Undang tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 37 Tahun 2004 Tentang Kepailitan dan Penundaan Kewajiban Pembayaran Utang, Kementerian Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia, Jakarta.
Baird, Douglas G., Cases Problems, and Materials on Bankruptcy, Boston, USA: Little, Brown and Company, 1985.
Donoher, William J., 2012, Corporate Bankruptcy Fundamental Principles and Processes, Business Expert Press, New York.
Fézer, Tamás dan Nikolett Zoványi, “Consumer Bankruptcy Regimes In Europe. Prophetic Law Review”, Vol.5 No.1, 2023.
Internal Revenue Service, “Chapter 11 Bankruptcy - Reorganization”, https://www.irs.gov/businesses/small-businesses-self-employed/chapter-11-bankruptcy-reorganization, diakses 13 Juli 2023.
Kennedy, David S., “Chapter 13 Under the Bankruptcy Code”, Memphis State University Law Review, Vol. 19, Issue 2, 1989.
Miles, Verly Victoria, “Assessing Modern Bankruptcy Law, An Example of Justice”, Santa Clara L. Rev, Vol. 36, 1996.
Muhjad, H., Nuswardani, N., 2012, Penelitian Hukum Indonesia Kontemporer, Genta Publishing, Bantul.
Peraturan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 14 Tahun 2019 tentang Tata Cara Penyelesaian Gugatan Sederhana. (Berita Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2015 Nomor 1172).
Pramono, Heru, “Legal Protection For Creditors To Ensure The Fulfillment Of State-Owned Enterprises (Persero)’s Liabilities In The Indonesian Legal System”, Prophetic Law Review, Vol. 5 No. 2, 2024.
Pratama, Bambang, “Kepailitan Dalam Putusan Hakim Ditinjau dari Perspektif Hukum Formil dan Materil”, Jurnal Yudisial, Vol. 7, No. 2, 2014.
Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor Nomor 1475 K/Pdt.Sus-Pailit/2021 perihal Kasasi Permohonan Pailit, tanggal 25 Januari 2022.
Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Semarang Nomor 26/Pdt.Sus-Pailit/2021/PN Smg perihal Permohonan Pailit, tanggal 19 Oktober 2021.
Schick, Sandor E., “Globalization, Bankruptcy and the Myth of the Broken Bench”, American Bankruptcy Law Journal 80 Am. Bankr. L.J., 2006.
Sjahdeini, Sutan Remy, 2002, Hukum Kepailitan (Memahami Undang-Undang Nomor 37 Tahun 2004 tentang Kepailitan), PT. Pustaka Utama Grafiti, Jakarta.
Sjahdeini, Sutan Remy, 2009, Hukum Kepailitan (Memahami Undang-Undang No. 37 Tahun 2004 tentang Kepailitan), PT Pustaka Utama Grafiti, Jakarta.
Sjahdeini, Sutan Remy, 2016, Sejarah, Asas, dan Teori Hukum Kepailitan, Memahami Undang-Undang Nomor 37 Tahun 2004 tentang Kepailitan dan Penundaan Kewajiban Pembayaran Utang, Prenamedia Group, Jakarta.
Subhan, M. Hadi, 2008, Hukum Kepailitan: Prinsip, Norma, dan Praktik di Peradilan, Prenamedia Group, Jakarta.
Subhan, M. Hadi, 2019, Hukum Kepailitan (Prinsip, Norma, dan Praktik di Peradilan), Kencana, Jakarta.
Sunarmi, 2004, Perbandingan Sistem Hukum Kepailitan Antara Indonesia (Civi Law Sistem) dengan Amerika Serikat (Common Law System), e-USU Repository.
Sutedi, Adrian, 2009, Hukum Kepailitan, Ghalia Indonesia, Bogor.
Tabb, Charles Jordan, “The History of The Bankruptcy Laws in The United States”, American Bankruptcy Institute Law Review 3 Am. Bankr. Inst., Vol. 3, No. 5.
Thimmig, Joseph, P., “Adequate Disclosure Under Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code”, Southern California Law Review 53 S. Cal. L. Rev., Vol. 53:1527.
Undang-Undang Nomor 37 Tahun 2004 tentang Kepailitan dan Penundaan Kewajiban Pembayaran Utang. (Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2004 Nomor 131).
United State Bankruptcy Code
References
Asra, 2015, Kepailitan Korporasi (Corporate Rescue: Key Concept dalam Kepailitan Korporasi), Diadit Media, Jakarta.
Badan Pembinaan Hukum Nasional, 2018, Naskah Akademik Rancangan Undang-Undang tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 37 Tahun 2004 Tentang Kepailitan dan Penundaan Kewajiban Pembayaran Utang, Kementerian Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia, Jakarta.
Baird, Douglas G., Cases Problems, and Materials on Bankruptcy, Boston, USA: Little, Brown and Company, 1985.
Donoher, William J., 2012, Corporate Bankruptcy Fundamental Principles and Processes, Business Expert Press, New York.
Fézer, Tamás dan Nikolett Zoványi, “Consumer Bankruptcy Regimes In Europe. Prophetic Law Review”, Vol.5 No.1, 2023.
Internal Revenue Service, “Chapter 11 Bankruptcy - Reorganization”, https://www.irs.gov/businesses/small-businesses-self-employed/chapter-11-bankruptcy-reorganization, diakses 13 Juli 2023.
Kennedy, David S., “Chapter 13 Under the Bankruptcy Code”, Memphis State University Law Review, Vol. 19, Issue 2, 1989.
Miles, Verly Victoria, “Assessing Modern Bankruptcy Law, An Example of Justice”, Santa Clara L. Rev, Vol. 36, 1996.
Muhjad, H., Nuswardani, N., 2012, Penelitian Hukum Indonesia Kontemporer, Genta Publishing, Bantul.
Peraturan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 14 Tahun 2019 tentang Tata Cara Penyelesaian Gugatan Sederhana. (Berita Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2015 Nomor 1172).
Pramono, Heru, “Legal Protection For Creditors To Ensure The Fulfillment Of State-Owned Enterprises (Persero)’s Liabilities In The Indonesian Legal System”, Prophetic Law Review, Vol. 5 No. 2, 2024.
Pratama, Bambang, “Kepailitan Dalam Putusan Hakim Ditinjau dari Perspektif Hukum Formil dan Materil”, Jurnal Yudisial, Vol. 7, No. 2, 2014.
Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor Nomor 1475 K/Pdt.Sus-Pailit/2021 perihal Kasasi Permohonan Pailit, tanggal 25 Januari 2022.
Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Semarang Nomor 26/Pdt.Sus-Pailit/2021/PN Smg perihal Permohonan Pailit, tanggal 19 Oktober 2021.
Schick, Sandor E., “Globalization, Bankruptcy and the Myth of the Broken Bench”, American Bankruptcy Law Journal 80 Am. Bankr. L.J., 2006.
Sjahdeini, Sutan Remy, 2002, Hukum Kepailitan (Memahami Undang-Undang Nomor 37 Tahun 2004 tentang Kepailitan), PT. Pustaka Utama Grafiti, Jakarta.
Sjahdeini, Sutan Remy, 2009, Hukum Kepailitan (Memahami Undang-Undang No. 37 Tahun 2004 tentang Kepailitan), PT Pustaka Utama Grafiti, Jakarta.
Sjahdeini, Sutan Remy, 2016, Sejarah, Asas, dan Teori Hukum Kepailitan, Memahami Undang-Undang Nomor 37 Tahun 2004 tentang Kepailitan dan Penundaan Kewajiban Pembayaran Utang, Prenamedia Group, Jakarta.
Subhan, M. Hadi, 2008, Hukum Kepailitan: Prinsip, Norma, dan Praktik di Peradilan, Prenamedia Group, Jakarta.
Subhan, M. Hadi, 2019, Hukum Kepailitan (Prinsip, Norma, dan Praktik di Peradilan), Kencana, Jakarta.
Sunarmi, 2004, Perbandingan Sistem Hukum Kepailitan Antara Indonesia (Civi Law Sistem) dengan Amerika Serikat (Common Law System), e-USU Repository.
Sutedi, Adrian, 2009, Hukum Kepailitan, Ghalia Indonesia, Bogor.
Tabb, Charles Jordan, “The History of The Bankruptcy Laws in The United States”, American Bankruptcy Institute Law Review 3 Am. Bankr. Inst., Vol. 3, No. 5.
Thimmig, Joseph, P., “Adequate Disclosure Under Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code”, Southern California Law Review 53 S. Cal. L. Rev., Vol. 53:1527.
Undang-Undang Nomor 37 Tahun 2004 tentang Kepailitan dan Penundaan Kewajiban Pembayaran Utang. (Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2004 Nomor 131).
United State Bankruptcy Code