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Abstract
The shift in the role of ideology in political parties, which was initially a guideline or direction for political parties, has begun to shift and be sidelined by an excessive orientation towards power, patrons, or certain political figures and popularity. Currently, many members of political parties are present without a sufficiently deep understanding of the ideology and main ideas of their party, so this study aims to reconstruct the strengthening of political party ideology to improve the quality of Indonesian democracy. The formulation of the problem discussed in this study is the shift in the role of ideology in political parties in Indonesia; and how the ideal reconstruction of the strengthening of political party ideology. The research method used is normative legal research, using a legislative approach and a conceptual approach. The results of the study show that the relationship between ideology and political parties, namely ideology is a set of ideas that influence the goals and programs of political parties. The history of the development of political party ideology in Indonesia began in the early post-independence period which emphasized stream politics in policy making. However, most political parties today do not pay attention to the quality of their members but only prioritize popularity, wealth, and strong personalities to attract public votes. Strengthening the ideology of political parties that will have an impact on improving the quality of democracy in Indonesia can be done in several ways, namely by limiting the term of office of the general chairman of political parties, optimizing political education for party cadres, and providing additional requirements that stipulate that party cadres who can be nominated by political parties in the General Election are cadres who have been members of the party for a certain time.
Key Words: Ideology, Political Parties, Democracy
Abstrak
Pergeseran peran ideologi pada partai politik yang awalnya merupakan pedoman atau arah bagi partai politik pada faktanya mulai bergeser dan dikesampingkan oleh orientasi berlebihan terhadap kekuasaan, patron atau tokoh politik tertentu dan popularitas. Saat ini banyak anggota partai politik hadir tanpa adanya pemahaman yang cukup mendalam terkait ideologi dan pokok-pokok pikiran partainya, sehingga penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merekonstruksi penguatan ideologi partai politik dalam upaya peningkatan kualitas demokrasi Indonesia. Adapun rumusan masalah yang dibahas pada penelitian ini yaitu bagaimana pergeseran peran ideologi pada partai politik di Indonesia; dan bagaimana rekonstruksi ideal terhadap penguatan ideologi partai politik. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif, dengan menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konseptual. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa hubungan antara ideologi dan partai politik yakni ideologi merupakan seperangkat gagasan yang memengaruhi tujuan dan program partai politik. Sejarah perkembangan ideologi partai politik di Indonesia dimulai sejak awal pasca kemerdekaan yang lebih menonjolkan politik aliran dalam pengambilan kebijakan. Namun kebanyakan partai politik dewasa ini tidak memperhatikan kualitas daripada anggotanya melainkan hanya mementingkan popularitas, harta kekayaan, dan ketokohan yang kental untuk menggaet suara masyarakat. Penguatan ideologi partai politik yang akan berdampak pada peningkatan kualitas demokrasi di Indonesia dapat dilakukan dengan beberapa cara yakni melalui limitasi masa jabatan ketua umum partai politik, mengoptimalkan pendidikan politik untuk kader partai, dan memberikan persyaratan tambahan yang mengatur bahwa kader partai yang dapat diusung oleh partai politik dalam Pemilu adalah kader yang telah menjadi anggota partai pada jangka waktu tertentu.
Kata Kunci: Ideologi, Partai Politik, Demokrasi
Keywords
Article Details
Copyright (c) 2024 Eduard Awang Maha Putra, Lalu Aria Nata Kusuma, Fahrurrozi Iman Jayadi Syahid, Novia Salfat Anggraini
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References
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Aspinall, E., Fossati, D., Muhtadi, B., & Warburton, E. (2020). Elites, masses, and democratic decline in Indonesia. Democratization, 27(4). https://doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2019.1680971
Aspinall, E., Fossati, D., Muhtadi, B., & Warburton, E. (2020). Ideological representation in clientelistic democracies: The Indonesian case. Electoral Studies, 63, 102111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2019.102111
Asshiddiqie, Jimly. Hukum Tata Negara dan Pilar-Pilar demokrasi, KONpress, Jakarta, 2005.
Aulia, Dian. “PENGUATAN DEMOKRASI: PARTAI POLITIK DAN (SISTEM) PEMILU SEBAGAI PILAR DEMOKRASI.” Masyarakat Indonesia 42, no. 1 (2016).
Buana, Mirza Satria. “Tantangan Organisasi Sayap Partai Politik: Melemahnya Ideologi Dan Menguatnya ‘Catch-All Party.’” Yogyakarta: Universitas Islam Indonesia, 2019.
Budiarti, Putri Aisah, et.al, “ Personalisasi Partai Politik di Indonesia Era Reformasi”, Jurnal Penelitian Politik 15, no. 2 (2018). https://doi.org/10.14203/jpp.v15i2.766
Carroll, Royce, and Hiroki Kubo. "Explaining citizen perceptions of party ideological positions: The mediating role of political contexts." Electoral Studies 51 (2018): 14-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2017.11.001
Fionna, U., & Tomsa, D. (2020). Changing patterns of factionalism in Indonesia: From principle to fr. Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs, 39(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/1868103419896904
Fossati, Diego. "The resurgence of ideology in Indonesia: Political Islam, Aliran and political behaviour." Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs 38, no. 2 (2019): 119-148. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/1868103419868400
Geertz, Clifford. The Religion of Java. New York: Free Press, 1960.
Geraldy, Galang. “Ideologi Dan Partai Politik: Menakar Ideologi Politik Marhaenisme Di PDIP, Sosialisme Demokrasi Di PSI Dan Islam Fundamentalisme Di PKS.” Politicon : Jurnal Ilmu Politik 1, no. 2 (December 9, 2019). https://doi.org/10.15575/politicon.v1i2.6268 .
Hart, C. S. (2016). How do aspirations matter?. Journal of human development and capabilities, 17(3). https://doi.org/10.1080/19452829.2016.1199540
Hermawan, Iyep Candra. “IMPLEMENTASI PENDIDIKAN POLITIK PADA PARTAI POLITIK DI INDONESIA.” Jurnal Pendidikan Politik, Hukum Dan Kewarganegaraan 10, no. 1 (June 6, 2020). https://doi.org/10.35194/jpphk.v10i1.939.
H. Saragih, “Dinamika Ideologi Partai Politik Dalam Sistem Demokrasi Indonesia”, Jurnal Politik Dan Pemerintahan, 2021.
Juanda, Ogiandhafiz, and Juanda. “Peran Dan Fungsi Partai Politik Dalam Mewujudkan Pemilu Yang Berkualitas Dan Bermartabat Tahun 2024.” Jurnal Ilmu Multidisplin 2, no. 2 (2023).
Karim, N. “PENGUATAN IDEOLOGI DALAM PEMBANGUNAN POLITIK: Kasus Koalisi Partai Pendukung Di Provinsi Jambi.” Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Dan Ilmu Politik 1, no. 2 (2018).
Kompas.com. “’Cerita Hidayat Nur Wahid Saat PKS Berkoalisi dengan PDS,’’ diakses melalui https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2019/11/17/07572481/cerita-hidayat-nur-wahid-saat-pks-berkoalisi-dengan-pds pada tanggal 7 September 2024
Kristiyanto, Hasto, Satya Arinanto, and Hanief Saha Ghafur. "Institutionalization and party resilience in Indonesian electoral democracy." Heliyon 9, no. 12 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22919
Kurniawan, Febriansyah, and Retno Sari Handayani. “Pelaksanaan Fungsi Partai Politik Dan Dampaknya Pada Konsolidasi Demokrasi.” Jurnal Ilmiah Mimbar Demokrasi 21, no. 2 (April 19, 2022): 65–76. https://doi.org/10.21009/jimd.v21i2.26013.
Mayrudin, Yeby Ma’asan. “DINAMIKA PARTAI POLITIK DAN POSITIONING IDEOLOGI: STUDI TENTANG PERGESERAN POSITIONING IDEOLOGI PARTAI-PARTAI POLITIK PESERTA PEMILU 2014.” Journal of Governance 2, no. 2 (December 28, 2017). https://doi.org/10.31506/jog.v2i2.2674.
Mietzner, Marcus. Money, Power, and Ideology. NUS Press Pte Ltd, 2014. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1nthsj .
Mirza Satria, Buana, Erlina Erlina, and Eka Yulia Rahman. “Paradigma Pendidikan Politik Antikorupsi Dan Kesetaraan Gender Di Partai Politik.” INTEGRITAS: Jurnal AntiKorupis 7, no. 1 (2021).
Mustika, Rieka dan S. Arifianto, "Selebrity Popularity" Commodification to Collect 2019 Legislative Election Voice”. JURNAL STUDI KOMUNIKASI DAN MEDIA Vol. 22 No. 2 (Desember 2018)
Najib, Ahmad Ainun , “Pergeseran Peran Partai Politik dalam Mewujudkan Produk Hukum Yang Berdasarkan Pancasila”, Jurnal Nurani Hukum 2, no. 2 (2019). https://dx.doi.org/10.51825/nhk.v2i2.8641 .
Nika, Imroatun. “Mencegah Terbentuknya Dinasti Politik Melalui Pola Rekrutmen Partai Politik (Studi Kasus Pencalonan Kepala Daerah Di Solo 2020)”. Lex Renaissance 6 (3):562-77. (2021). https://doi.org/10.20885/JLR.vol6.iss3.art9. Hlm 570
Noor, Firman. “PERILAKU POLITIK PRAGMATIS DALAM KEHIDUPAN POLITIK KONTEMPORER: KAJIAN ATAS MENYURUTNYA PERAN IDEOLOGI POLITIK DI ERA REFORMASI.” Masyarakat Indonesia 40, no. 1 (2014).
Pasaribu, Payerli. “Peranan Partai Politik Dalam Melaksanakan Pendidikan Politik.” JPPUMA: Jurnal Ilmu Pemerintahan Dan Sosial Politik Universitas Medan Area 5, no. 1 (November 21, 2017): 51. https://doi.org/10.31289/jppuma.v5i1.1125 .
Putra, Arif Permana, “Penyederhanaan partai politik di Indonesia tahun 1960”, Jurnal Pendidikan Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial, 2009.
Putra, Eduard Awang Maha. Peraturan Kebijakan (Beleidsregel) Dalam Hukum Positif Indonesia. Edited by Hanita A. 1st ed. Yogyakarta: Samudra Biru, 2024.
Prahastiwi, Neressha. “5 Fakta Aldi Taher Jadi Caleg DPR RI, Sempat Dicoret KPU Hingga Tak Mau Dipilih.” Suara.com, November 28, 2023. https://www.suara.com/entertainment/2023/11/28/181500/5-fakta-aldi-taher-jadi-caleg-dpr-ri-sempat-dicoret-kpu-hingga-tak-mau-dipilih .
Prasetya, Imam Yudhi. “Pergeseran Peran Ideologi Dalam Partai Politik.” Jurnal Ilmu Politik Dan Ilmu Pemerintahan 1, no. 1 (2011).
Putri Handayani Nurdin,“ Political Law Of Political Education by Political Parties ”. Jambura Law Review, JALREV 1 (2), Juli 2019.
Ristyawati, Aprista. “Penguatan Partai Politik sebagai Salah Satu Bentuk Pengadministrasian dan Pelembagaan Sistem Demokrasi”, Administrative Law & Governence Journal 2, no. 4 (2019). https://doi.org/10.14710/alj.v2i4.710-120 .
Romli, Lili. “REFORMASI PARTAI POLITIK DAN SISTEM KEPARTAIAN DI INDONESIA.” Politica 2, no. 2 (November 2011).
R. W. Mujani, S., & Liddle, “Islam and Democracy in Indonesia: A Review of the Literature.,” Jurnal Demokrasi, 2018.
Sinaga, Henry. “Benarkah UUPA Produk PKI?” Analisa Daily, December 7, 2017. https://analisadaily.com/berita/arsip/2017/12/8/465263/benarkah-uupa-produk-pki/
Soekarno. (1923). Demokrasi Politik Dan Demokrasi Ekonomi. Retrieved From Https://Tofikpr.Files.Wordpress.Com/2014/03/Dibawahbenderarevolusi-1
References
Al-Hamdi, Ridho. "The Decline of Ideology in Indonesia: Parliamentary Threshold and Cleavage among Political Parties in coping with the 2019 Election." In Third International Conference on Sustainable Innovation 2019–Humanity, Education and Social Sciences (IcoSIHESS 2019), pp. 273-280. Atlantis Press, 2019. DOI: 10.2991/icosihess-19.2019.47
Aspinall, E., Fossati, D., Muhtadi, B., & Warburton, E. (2020). Elites, masses, and democratic decline in Indonesia. Democratization, 27(4). https://doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2019.1680971
Aspinall, E., Fossati, D., Muhtadi, B., & Warburton, E. (2020). Ideological representation in clientelistic democracies: The Indonesian case. Electoral Studies, 63, 102111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2019.102111
Asshiddiqie, Jimly. Hukum Tata Negara dan Pilar-Pilar demokrasi, KONpress, Jakarta, 2005.
Aulia, Dian. “PENGUATAN DEMOKRASI: PARTAI POLITIK DAN (SISTEM) PEMILU SEBAGAI PILAR DEMOKRASI.” Masyarakat Indonesia 42, no. 1 (2016).
Buana, Mirza Satria. “Tantangan Organisasi Sayap Partai Politik: Melemahnya Ideologi Dan Menguatnya ‘Catch-All Party.’” Yogyakarta: Universitas Islam Indonesia, 2019.
Budiarti, Putri Aisah, et.al, “ Personalisasi Partai Politik di Indonesia Era Reformasi”, Jurnal Penelitian Politik 15, no. 2 (2018). https://doi.org/10.14203/jpp.v15i2.766
Carroll, Royce, and Hiroki Kubo. "Explaining citizen perceptions of party ideological positions: The mediating role of political contexts." Electoral Studies 51 (2018): 14-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2017.11.001
Fionna, U., & Tomsa, D. (2020). Changing patterns of factionalism in Indonesia: From principle to fr. Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs, 39(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/1868103419896904
Fossati, Diego. "The resurgence of ideology in Indonesia: Political Islam, Aliran and political behaviour." Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs 38, no. 2 (2019): 119-148. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/1868103419868400
Geertz, Clifford. The Religion of Java. New York: Free Press, 1960.
Geraldy, Galang. “Ideologi Dan Partai Politik: Menakar Ideologi Politik Marhaenisme Di PDIP, Sosialisme Demokrasi Di PSI Dan Islam Fundamentalisme Di PKS.” Politicon : Jurnal Ilmu Politik 1, no. 2 (December 9, 2019). https://doi.org/10.15575/politicon.v1i2.6268 .
Hart, C. S. (2016). How do aspirations matter?. Journal of human development and capabilities, 17(3). https://doi.org/10.1080/19452829.2016.1199540
Hermawan, Iyep Candra. “IMPLEMENTASI PENDIDIKAN POLITIK PADA PARTAI POLITIK DI INDONESIA.” Jurnal Pendidikan Politik, Hukum Dan Kewarganegaraan 10, no. 1 (June 6, 2020). https://doi.org/10.35194/jpphk.v10i1.939.
H. Saragih, “Dinamika Ideologi Partai Politik Dalam Sistem Demokrasi Indonesia”, Jurnal Politik Dan Pemerintahan, 2021.
Juanda, Ogiandhafiz, and Juanda. “Peran Dan Fungsi Partai Politik Dalam Mewujudkan Pemilu Yang Berkualitas Dan Bermartabat Tahun 2024.” Jurnal Ilmu Multidisplin 2, no. 2 (2023).
Karim, N. “PENGUATAN IDEOLOGI DALAM PEMBANGUNAN POLITIK: Kasus Koalisi Partai Pendukung Di Provinsi Jambi.” Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Dan Ilmu Politik 1, no. 2 (2018).
Kompas.com. “’Cerita Hidayat Nur Wahid Saat PKS Berkoalisi dengan PDS,’’ diakses melalui https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2019/11/17/07572481/cerita-hidayat-nur-wahid-saat-pks-berkoalisi-dengan-pds pada tanggal 7 September 2024
Kristiyanto, Hasto, Satya Arinanto, and Hanief Saha Ghafur. "Institutionalization and party resilience in Indonesian electoral democracy." Heliyon 9, no. 12 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22919
Kurniawan, Febriansyah, and Retno Sari Handayani. “Pelaksanaan Fungsi Partai Politik Dan Dampaknya Pada Konsolidasi Demokrasi.” Jurnal Ilmiah Mimbar Demokrasi 21, no. 2 (April 19, 2022): 65–76. https://doi.org/10.21009/jimd.v21i2.26013.
Mayrudin, Yeby Ma’asan. “DINAMIKA PARTAI POLITIK DAN POSITIONING IDEOLOGI: STUDI TENTANG PERGESERAN POSITIONING IDEOLOGI PARTAI-PARTAI POLITIK PESERTA PEMILU 2014.” Journal of Governance 2, no. 2 (December 28, 2017). https://doi.org/10.31506/jog.v2i2.2674.
Mietzner, Marcus. Money, Power, and Ideology. NUS Press Pte Ltd, 2014. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1nthsj .
Mirza Satria, Buana, Erlina Erlina, and Eka Yulia Rahman. “Paradigma Pendidikan Politik Antikorupsi Dan Kesetaraan Gender Di Partai Politik.” INTEGRITAS: Jurnal AntiKorupis 7, no. 1 (2021).
Mustika, Rieka dan S. Arifianto, "Selebrity Popularity" Commodification to Collect 2019 Legislative Election Voice”. JURNAL STUDI KOMUNIKASI DAN MEDIA Vol. 22 No. 2 (Desember 2018)
Najib, Ahmad Ainun , “Pergeseran Peran Partai Politik dalam Mewujudkan Produk Hukum Yang Berdasarkan Pancasila”, Jurnal Nurani Hukum 2, no. 2 (2019). https://dx.doi.org/10.51825/nhk.v2i2.8641 .
Nika, Imroatun. “Mencegah Terbentuknya Dinasti Politik Melalui Pola Rekrutmen Partai Politik (Studi Kasus Pencalonan Kepala Daerah Di Solo 2020)”. Lex Renaissance 6 (3):562-77. (2021). https://doi.org/10.20885/JLR.vol6.iss3.art9. Hlm 570
Noor, Firman. “PERILAKU POLITIK PRAGMATIS DALAM KEHIDUPAN POLITIK KONTEMPORER: KAJIAN ATAS MENYURUTNYA PERAN IDEOLOGI POLITIK DI ERA REFORMASI.” Masyarakat Indonesia 40, no. 1 (2014).
Pasaribu, Payerli. “Peranan Partai Politik Dalam Melaksanakan Pendidikan Politik.” JPPUMA: Jurnal Ilmu Pemerintahan Dan Sosial Politik Universitas Medan Area 5, no. 1 (November 21, 2017): 51. https://doi.org/10.31289/jppuma.v5i1.1125 .
Putra, Arif Permana, “Penyederhanaan partai politik di Indonesia tahun 1960”, Jurnal Pendidikan Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial, 2009.
Putra, Eduard Awang Maha. Peraturan Kebijakan (Beleidsregel) Dalam Hukum Positif Indonesia. Edited by Hanita A. 1st ed. Yogyakarta: Samudra Biru, 2024.
Prahastiwi, Neressha. “5 Fakta Aldi Taher Jadi Caleg DPR RI, Sempat Dicoret KPU Hingga Tak Mau Dipilih.” Suara.com, November 28, 2023. https://www.suara.com/entertainment/2023/11/28/181500/5-fakta-aldi-taher-jadi-caleg-dpr-ri-sempat-dicoret-kpu-hingga-tak-mau-dipilih .
Prasetya, Imam Yudhi. “Pergeseran Peran Ideologi Dalam Partai Politik.” Jurnal Ilmu Politik Dan Ilmu Pemerintahan 1, no. 1 (2011).
Putri Handayani Nurdin,“ Political Law Of Political Education by Political Parties ”. Jambura Law Review, JALREV 1 (2), Juli 2019.
Ristyawati, Aprista. “Penguatan Partai Politik sebagai Salah Satu Bentuk Pengadministrasian dan Pelembagaan Sistem Demokrasi”, Administrative Law & Governence Journal 2, no. 4 (2019). https://doi.org/10.14710/alj.v2i4.710-120 .
Romli, Lili. “REFORMASI PARTAI POLITIK DAN SISTEM KEPARTAIAN DI INDONESIA.” Politica 2, no. 2 (November 2011).
R. W. Mujani, S., & Liddle, “Islam and Democracy in Indonesia: A Review of the Literature.,” Jurnal Demokrasi, 2018.
Sinaga, Henry. “Benarkah UUPA Produk PKI?” Analisa Daily, December 7, 2017. https://analisadaily.com/berita/arsip/2017/12/8/465263/benarkah-uupa-produk-pki/
Soekarno. (1923). Demokrasi Politik Dan Demokrasi Ekonomi. Retrieved From Https://Tofikpr.Files.Wordpress.Com/2014/03/Dibawahbenderarevolusi-1