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Abstract
Criminal law is closely associated with the stigma of imprisonment, which often creates justice issues for the parties involved due to an unequal standing. This situation has led to the introduction of concepts such as Restorative Justice, which aim to resolve criminal cases by involving all parties—including offenders, victims, and the community. However, various regulations governing Restorative Justice exist across different institutions, including the Police, the Prosecutor's Office, and the Supreme Court. This inconsistency adversely impacts implementation, resulting in difficulties aligning one regulation with another within the criminal justice system. This paper aims to examine the regulatory challenges surrounding Restorative Justice at the Indonesian regulatory level and the importance of integrating Restorative Justice regulations into the Criminal Procedure Bill. Conducted as normative legal research, this study employs both a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. The legal materials utilized include primary, secondary, and tertiary sources, which are organized descriptively for qualitative analysis. The research findings indicate that significant issues arise from differing interpretations and inconsistencies within the existing regulations of the Indonesian criminal justice system. Therefore, there is a pressing need to consolidate the various regulations into a coherent framework for Restorative Justice, allowing for optimal implementation of its principles. It is hoped that legislative institutions, as key stakeholders and decision-makers in legal policy, will consider adopting the Restorative Justice concept within the Criminal Procedure Code Bill.
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References
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Acosta-López, Juana, and Cindy Vanessa Espitia Murcia. “Restorative Justice and Reparation: Challenges of the Special Jurisdiction for Peace before a Relationship under Construction.” Vniversitas 69 (June 1, 2020): 1–31. https://doi.org/10.11144/JAVERIANA.VJ69.JRRD.
Adi, E.A.W. “Penal Mediation as the Concept of Restorative Justice in the Draft Criminal Procedure Code.” Lex Scientia Law Review 5, no. 1 (2021): 139–64. https://doi.org/10.15294/lesrev.v5i1.46704.
Adyhaksa Padang, Michael, Billi J Siregar, and Rosmalinda. “Keberpihakan Pemidanaan Dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2023.” Locus: Jurnal Konsep Ilmu Hukum 4, no. 2 (September 2024). https://doi.org/10.56128/jkih.v4i2.348.
Akbar, Muhammad Fatahillah. “Pengaruh Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Di Bidang Pengujian Undang-Undang Terhadap Sistem Peradilan Pidana Indonesia Dengan Perubahan KUHAP.” Jurnal Konstitusi 16, no. 3 (October 8, 2019): 466. https://doi.org/10.31078/jk1632.
Akbar, Muhammad Fatahillah. “Keadilan Restoratif Dalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana Sebagai Perwujudan Nilai-Nilai Pancasila.” Justitia et Pax 37, no. 1 (8 Juni 2021). https://doi.org/10.24002/jep.v37i1.3821.
Akbar, Muhammad Fatahillah. “Pembaharuan Keadilan Restoratif Dalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana Indonesia.” Masalah-Masalah Hukum 51, no. 2 (28 April 2022): 199–208. https://doi.org/10.14710/mmh.51.2.2022.199-208.
Alvin Nashir, Muhammad, Aisyah Zafira, and Nabila Maharani. “Urgensi Pembentukan Undang-Undang Restorative Justice Dalam Rangka Reformasi Keadilan Dan Kepastian Hukum Di Indonesia.” Sapientia et Virtus 9, no. 1 (2024). https://doi.org/10.37477/sev.v8i1.
Alwy, M.R. “The ‘afw Principle and The Indonesian Restorative Justice System.” Jurnal Hukum Islam 19, no. 2 (2021): 313–28. https://doi.org/10.28918/jhi.v19i2.4726.
Andika Ramadhani Wibowo Mukti, and Rahtami Susanti. “Studi Komparatif Penerapan Restorative Justice Di Negara IndonesiaDan Amerika Serikat.” Wijayakusuma Law Review 5, no. 1 (June 10, 2023): 71–81. https://doi.org/10.51921/wlr.2fy28w90.
Andrew von Hirsch, et all, Restorative Justice and Criminal Justice: Competing or Reconcilable Paradigms?, Hart Publishing, Oregon, 2003: 44.
Andriyani, L., Hartiwiningsih, and P. Suwadi. “RECONCEPTUALIZATION OF RESTORATIVE JUSTICE IN THE ATTORNEY GENERAL’S OFFICE OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA.” Revista De Gestao Social E Ambiental 18, no. 1 (2024). https://doi.org/10.24857/rgsa.v18n1-053.
Andriyani, Lenna, Hartiwiningsih, and Pujiyono Suwadi. “Reconceptualization of Restorative Justice in The Attorney General’s Office of The Republic of Indonesia.” Revista de Gestao Social e Ambiental 18, no. 1 (2024). https://doi.org/10.24857/rgsa.v18n1-053.
Arief, Barda Nawawi, Mediasi Penal: Penyelesaian Perkara Pidana di Luar Pengadilan, Pustaka Magister, Semarang, 2008: 1.
Banwell-Moore, R. “Restorative Justice: Adopting a Whole System Approach to Address Cultural Barriers in Criminal Justice.” Criminology and Criminal Justice 24, no. 5 (2024): 1028–46. https://doi.org/10.1177/17488958241268005.
Banwell-Moore, Rebecca. “Restorative Justice: Adopting a Whole System Approach to Address Cultural Barriers in Criminal Justice.” Criminology and Criminal Justice 24, no. 5 (November 1, 2024). https://doi.org/10.1177/17488958241268005.
Capera, Brilian. “Keadilan Restoratif Sebagai Paradigma Pemidanaan Di Indonesia.” Lex Rennaisance 6, no. 2 (April 2021). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.20885/JLR.vol6.iss2.art1.
Decker, Michele R., Charvonne N. Holliday, Zaynab Hameeduddin, Roma Shah, Janice Miller, Joyce Dantzler, and Leigh Goodmark. “Proposing Restorative Justice Models as Alternative Approaches Addressing Criminal Matters: A Case Study of Judicial Systems in Civil and Common Law Countries.” Journal of Interpersonal Violence 37, no. 5–6 (March 1, 2022): NP2844–67. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260520943728.
Ekawaty Ismail, Dian, Yusna Arsyad, Novendri M Nggilu, and Yassine Chami. “Collocation of Restorative Justice with Human Rights in Indonesia.” Legality: Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum 32, no. 2 (2024): 394–417. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.22219/ljih.v32i2.35374.
Falasifah, Umi, and Bambang Dwi Baskoro. “Tinjauan Tentang Pembaharuan KUHAP Sebagai Landasan Bekerjanya Sistem Peradilan Pidana Di Indonesia.” DIPONEGORO LAW JOURNAL 5, no. 3 (2016). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.14710/dlj.2016.12606.
Frans, Mardian Putra, Agustina Indah Intan Sari, Darisa Winda, Alfret Alfret, and Nicholas Gerard Felix Simeone. “Plea Bargaining System, Deffered Prosecution Agreement, Dan Judicial Scrutiny Sebagai Upaya Mengatasi Overkapasitas Lembaga Pemasyarakatan.” Perspektif Hukum, October 9, 2024. https://doi.org/10.30649/ph.v24i2.273.
Gayatri, Ni Made Indah, and Gede Made Swardhana. “Teori Kriminologi Dalam Memecahkan Kejahatan Pencurian Beserta Kekerasan Yang Dilakukan Secara Berlanjut (Pasal 365 KUHP).” Jurnal Media Akademik (JMA) 2, no. 10 (October 2024). https://doi.org/10.62281.
Gormley, Jay. “The Inefficiency of Plea Bargaining.” Journal of Law and Society 49, no. 2 (June 1, 2022): 277–93. https://doi.org/10.1111/jols.12360.
Hargovan, H. “Restorative Justice and Domestic Violence: Some Exploratory Thoughts.” Agenda 19, no. 66 (2005): 48–56. https://doi.org/10.1080/10130950.2005.9674647.
Indonesia Corruption Watch. “Ganjar: Penghilangan Penyelidikan Rawan Picu Aparat Sewenang-Wenang.” https://antikorupsi.org/id/article/ganjar-penghilangan-penyelidikan-rawan-picu-aparat-sewenang-wenang, February 2014.
Kristanto, Andri. “Kajian Peraturan Jaksa Agung Nomor 15 Tahun 2020 Tentang Penghentian Penuntutan Berdasarkan Keadilan Restoratif” 7, no. 2022 (January 1, 2022): 180–93. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.20885/JLR.vol7.iss1.art14.
James Dignan, Understanding Victimms and Restorative Justice, Open University Press, 2014: 94.
Kusworo, D.L., A.O. Abdulkadir, and M.N.K. Fauzi. “Reflections on the Dismissal of Theft Charges Through Prosecutor’s Restorative Justice House in Lampung.” Jurnal Media Hukum 30, no. 2 (2023): 136–52. https://doi.org/10.18196/jmh.v30i2.18384.
Masthuro, Mohammad. “Manfaat Memahami Hukum Acara Pidana Untuk Masyarakat Dan Mahasiswa Sekolah Tinggi Keguruan Dan Ilmu Pendidikan Kusuma Negara Jakarta.” Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan (JIP) STKIP Kusuma Negara 14, no. 2 (January 30, 2023): 168–76. https://doi.org/10.37640/jip.v14i2.1553.
Maulidah, K., Sari, R. K., Melissa, A., and Fitryantica, A. The Urgency of Enacting the Asset Confiscation Bill for the Eradication of Corruption and Money Laundering in Indonesia. Prophetic Law Review, 7(1), (2025), 95–116. https://doi.org/10.20885/PLR.vol7.iss1.art5
Muladi, “Kapita Selekta Sistem Peradilan Pidana”, BP Universitas Diponegoro (2015): hlm. 168-178.
Peraturan Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia Nomor 8 Tahun 2021 tentang Penanganan Tindak Pidana Berdasarkan Keadilan Restoratif.
Peraturan Kejaksaan Republik Indonesia Nomor 15 Tahun 2020 tentang Penghentian Penuntutan Berdasarkan Keadilan Restoratif.
Peraturan Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia Nomor 1 Tahun 2024 Tentang Pedoman Mengadili Perkara Pidana Berdasarkan Keadilan Restoratif.
Putra, Surya Desismansyah Eka. “Bingkai Keadilan Hukum Pancasila Dalam Perspektif Hukum Dan Relevansinya Dengan Keadilan Di Indonesia.” Jurnal Pendidikan Pancasila Dan Kewarganegaraan 1, no. 27 (February 2014). https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/jppkn.v27i1.5515.
Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 21/PUU-XII/2014 tentang perluasan Objek Pra Peradilan.
Rancangan Undang-Undang Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Acara Pidana.
Romli Atmasasmita, Sistem Peradilan Pidana Kontemporer, Penerbit Kencana Prenada Media Group, Jakarta, 2010: 117.
Risal, M Chaerul. “Analisis Kritis Terhadap Implementasi Restorative Justice Dalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana: Tantangan Dan Peluang.” Jurnal Al Tasyri’iyyah 3, no. 1 (2023): 55–70. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.24252/jat.vi.41238.
Schneider, Andrea Kupfer, and Cynthia Alkon. “Bargaining in the Dark: The Need for Transparency and Data in Plea Bargaining.” New Criminal Law Review. University of California Press, September 1, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1525/nclr.2019.22.4.434.
Shcherbanyuk, O., V. Gordieiev, and L. Bzova. “Legal Nature of the Principle of Legal Certainty as a Component Element of the Rule of Law.” Juridical Tribune 13, no. 1 (2023): 21–31. https://doi.org/10.24818/TBJ/2023/13/1.02.
Sholahudin, Umar. “Hukum Dan Keadilan Masyarakat (Analisis Sosiologi Hukum Terhadap Kasus Hukum Masyarakat Miskin ‘Asyani’ Di Kabupaten Situbondo).” Dimensi: Journal of Sociology 9, no. 1 (2016). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.21107/djs.v9i1.3736.
Supriansa, S. Rahman, I. Abbas, and H. Djanggih. “The Essence of Restorative Justice in The Development of Indonesian Law.” Revista De Gestao Social E Ambiental 18, no. 8 (2024). https://doi.org/10.24857/rgsa.v18n8-025.
Susilo, E., M. Din, Suhaimi, and T.M. Mansur. “Justice Delayed, Justice Denied: A Critical Examination of Repeated Suspect Status in Indonesia.” Hasanuddin Law Review 10, no. 3 (2024): 342–57. https://doi.org/10.20956/halrev.v10i3.6088.
Valerian, Dion. “Meretas Konsep Baru Pidana Denda Terhadap Tindak Pidana Korupsi.” Jurnal Antikorupsi INTEGRITAS 5, no. 2 (2019): 1–19. https://doi.org/10.32697/integritas.v5i1.342.
Vilar, Silvia Barona. “Mediation and Reparatory Agreements in the Metamorphosis of Criminal Justice of 21st Century.” Boletin Mexicano de Derecho Comparado 51, no. 155 (2019): 685–720. https://doi.org/10.22201/iij.24484873e.2019.155.14945.
Warsino, W., S. Supanto, and W.T. Novianto. “Forensic Examination and Restorative Justice for Drug Abusers: An Alternative in Handling Drug Cases in Indonesia.” Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology 14, no. 2 (2020): 2554–59.
Yuan, X. “Good Seeds, Bad Soil? A Case Study of the Vital Context in the Restorative Justice Process in Mainland China.” International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice 54 (2018): 34–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlcj.2018.06.001.
Zarkasi, Moch Fauzan, Nur Azisa, and Haeranah. “Implications of Renewal System of Criminal Justice Based on the Principles of Restorative Justice on The Role of Probation and Parole Officer.” Khazanah Hukum 4, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 29–44. https://doi.org/10.15575/kh.v4i1.17354.
References
Abdullah, M Zen. “Urgensi Perlunya Pembaharuan Hukum Acara Pidana Nasional Di Indonesia Yang Lebih Responsif.” Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Batanghari Jambi 20, no. 1 (February 5, 2020): 281. https://doi.org/10.33087/jiubj.v20i1.885.
Acosta-López, Juana, and Cindy Vanessa Espitia Murcia. “Restorative Justice and Reparation: Challenges of the Special Jurisdiction for Peace before a Relationship under Construction.” Vniversitas 69 (June 1, 2020): 1–31. https://doi.org/10.11144/JAVERIANA.VJ69.JRRD.
Adi, E.A.W. “Penal Mediation as the Concept of Restorative Justice in the Draft Criminal Procedure Code.” Lex Scientia Law Review 5, no. 1 (2021): 139–64. https://doi.org/10.15294/lesrev.v5i1.46704.
Adyhaksa Padang, Michael, Billi J Siregar, and Rosmalinda. “Keberpihakan Pemidanaan Dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2023.” Locus: Jurnal Konsep Ilmu Hukum 4, no. 2 (September 2024). https://doi.org/10.56128/jkih.v4i2.348.
Akbar, Muhammad Fatahillah. “Pengaruh Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Di Bidang Pengujian Undang-Undang Terhadap Sistem Peradilan Pidana Indonesia Dengan Perubahan KUHAP.” Jurnal Konstitusi 16, no. 3 (October 8, 2019): 466. https://doi.org/10.31078/jk1632.
Akbar, Muhammad Fatahillah. “Keadilan Restoratif Dalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana Sebagai Perwujudan Nilai-Nilai Pancasila.” Justitia et Pax 37, no. 1 (8 Juni 2021). https://doi.org/10.24002/jep.v37i1.3821.
Akbar, Muhammad Fatahillah. “Pembaharuan Keadilan Restoratif Dalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana Indonesia.” Masalah-Masalah Hukum 51, no. 2 (28 April 2022): 199–208. https://doi.org/10.14710/mmh.51.2.2022.199-208.
Alvin Nashir, Muhammad, Aisyah Zafira, and Nabila Maharani. “Urgensi Pembentukan Undang-Undang Restorative Justice Dalam Rangka Reformasi Keadilan Dan Kepastian Hukum Di Indonesia.” Sapientia et Virtus 9, no. 1 (2024). https://doi.org/10.37477/sev.v8i1.
Alwy, M.R. “The ‘afw Principle and The Indonesian Restorative Justice System.” Jurnal Hukum Islam 19, no. 2 (2021): 313–28. https://doi.org/10.28918/jhi.v19i2.4726.
Andika Ramadhani Wibowo Mukti, and Rahtami Susanti. “Studi Komparatif Penerapan Restorative Justice Di Negara IndonesiaDan Amerika Serikat.” Wijayakusuma Law Review 5, no. 1 (June 10, 2023): 71–81. https://doi.org/10.51921/wlr.2fy28w90.
Andrew von Hirsch, et all, Restorative Justice and Criminal Justice: Competing or Reconcilable Paradigms?, Hart Publishing, Oregon, 2003: 44.
Andriyani, L., Hartiwiningsih, and P. Suwadi. “RECONCEPTUALIZATION OF RESTORATIVE JUSTICE IN THE ATTORNEY GENERAL’S OFFICE OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA.” Revista De Gestao Social E Ambiental 18, no. 1 (2024). https://doi.org/10.24857/rgsa.v18n1-053.
Andriyani, Lenna, Hartiwiningsih, and Pujiyono Suwadi. “Reconceptualization of Restorative Justice in The Attorney General’s Office of The Republic of Indonesia.” Revista de Gestao Social e Ambiental 18, no. 1 (2024). https://doi.org/10.24857/rgsa.v18n1-053.
Arief, Barda Nawawi, Mediasi Penal: Penyelesaian Perkara Pidana di Luar Pengadilan, Pustaka Magister, Semarang, 2008: 1.
Banwell-Moore, R. “Restorative Justice: Adopting a Whole System Approach to Address Cultural Barriers in Criminal Justice.” Criminology and Criminal Justice 24, no. 5 (2024): 1028–46. https://doi.org/10.1177/17488958241268005.
Banwell-Moore, Rebecca. “Restorative Justice: Adopting a Whole System Approach to Address Cultural Barriers in Criminal Justice.” Criminology and Criminal Justice 24, no. 5 (November 1, 2024). https://doi.org/10.1177/17488958241268005.
Capera, Brilian. “Keadilan Restoratif Sebagai Paradigma Pemidanaan Di Indonesia.” Lex Rennaisance 6, no. 2 (April 2021). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.20885/JLR.vol6.iss2.art1.
Decker, Michele R., Charvonne N. Holliday, Zaynab Hameeduddin, Roma Shah, Janice Miller, Joyce Dantzler, and Leigh Goodmark. “Proposing Restorative Justice Models as Alternative Approaches Addressing Criminal Matters: A Case Study of Judicial Systems in Civil and Common Law Countries.” Journal of Interpersonal Violence 37, no. 5–6 (March 1, 2022): NP2844–67. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260520943728.
Ekawaty Ismail, Dian, Yusna Arsyad, Novendri M Nggilu, and Yassine Chami. “Collocation of Restorative Justice with Human Rights in Indonesia.” Legality: Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum 32, no. 2 (2024): 394–417. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.22219/ljih.v32i2.35374.
Falasifah, Umi, and Bambang Dwi Baskoro. “Tinjauan Tentang Pembaharuan KUHAP Sebagai Landasan Bekerjanya Sistem Peradilan Pidana Di Indonesia.” DIPONEGORO LAW JOURNAL 5, no. 3 (2016). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.14710/dlj.2016.12606.
Frans, Mardian Putra, Agustina Indah Intan Sari, Darisa Winda, Alfret Alfret, and Nicholas Gerard Felix Simeone. “Plea Bargaining System, Deffered Prosecution Agreement, Dan Judicial Scrutiny Sebagai Upaya Mengatasi Overkapasitas Lembaga Pemasyarakatan.” Perspektif Hukum, October 9, 2024. https://doi.org/10.30649/ph.v24i2.273.
Gayatri, Ni Made Indah, and Gede Made Swardhana. “Teori Kriminologi Dalam Memecahkan Kejahatan Pencurian Beserta Kekerasan Yang Dilakukan Secara Berlanjut (Pasal 365 KUHP).” Jurnal Media Akademik (JMA) 2, no. 10 (October 2024). https://doi.org/10.62281.
Gormley, Jay. “The Inefficiency of Plea Bargaining.” Journal of Law and Society 49, no. 2 (June 1, 2022): 277–93. https://doi.org/10.1111/jols.12360.
Hargovan, H. “Restorative Justice and Domestic Violence: Some Exploratory Thoughts.” Agenda 19, no. 66 (2005): 48–56. https://doi.org/10.1080/10130950.2005.9674647.
Indonesia Corruption Watch. “Ganjar: Penghilangan Penyelidikan Rawan Picu Aparat Sewenang-Wenang.” https://antikorupsi.org/id/article/ganjar-penghilangan-penyelidikan-rawan-picu-aparat-sewenang-wenang, February 2014.
Kristanto, Andri. “Kajian Peraturan Jaksa Agung Nomor 15 Tahun 2020 Tentang Penghentian Penuntutan Berdasarkan Keadilan Restoratif” 7, no. 2022 (January 1, 2022): 180–93. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.20885/JLR.vol7.iss1.art14.
James Dignan, Understanding Victimms and Restorative Justice, Open University Press, 2014: 94.
Kusworo, D.L., A.O. Abdulkadir, and M.N.K. Fauzi. “Reflections on the Dismissal of Theft Charges Through Prosecutor’s Restorative Justice House in Lampung.” Jurnal Media Hukum 30, no. 2 (2023): 136–52. https://doi.org/10.18196/jmh.v30i2.18384.
Masthuro, Mohammad. “Manfaat Memahami Hukum Acara Pidana Untuk Masyarakat Dan Mahasiswa Sekolah Tinggi Keguruan Dan Ilmu Pendidikan Kusuma Negara Jakarta.” Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan (JIP) STKIP Kusuma Negara 14, no. 2 (January 30, 2023): 168–76. https://doi.org/10.37640/jip.v14i2.1553.
Maulidah, K., Sari, R. K., Melissa, A., and Fitryantica, A. The Urgency of Enacting the Asset Confiscation Bill for the Eradication of Corruption and Money Laundering in Indonesia. Prophetic Law Review, 7(1), (2025), 95–116. https://doi.org/10.20885/PLR.vol7.iss1.art5
Muladi, “Kapita Selekta Sistem Peradilan Pidana”, BP Universitas Diponegoro (2015): hlm. 168-178.
Peraturan Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia Nomor 8 Tahun 2021 tentang Penanganan Tindak Pidana Berdasarkan Keadilan Restoratif.
Peraturan Kejaksaan Republik Indonesia Nomor 15 Tahun 2020 tentang Penghentian Penuntutan Berdasarkan Keadilan Restoratif.
Peraturan Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia Nomor 1 Tahun 2024 Tentang Pedoman Mengadili Perkara Pidana Berdasarkan Keadilan Restoratif.
Putra, Surya Desismansyah Eka. “Bingkai Keadilan Hukum Pancasila Dalam Perspektif Hukum Dan Relevansinya Dengan Keadilan Di Indonesia.” Jurnal Pendidikan Pancasila Dan Kewarganegaraan 1, no. 27 (February 2014). https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/jppkn.v27i1.5515.
Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 21/PUU-XII/2014 tentang perluasan Objek Pra Peradilan.
Rancangan Undang-Undang Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Acara Pidana.
Romli Atmasasmita, Sistem Peradilan Pidana Kontemporer, Penerbit Kencana Prenada Media Group, Jakarta, 2010: 117.
Risal, M Chaerul. “Analisis Kritis Terhadap Implementasi Restorative Justice Dalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana: Tantangan Dan Peluang.” Jurnal Al Tasyri’iyyah 3, no. 1 (2023): 55–70. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.24252/jat.vi.41238.
Schneider, Andrea Kupfer, and Cynthia Alkon. “Bargaining in the Dark: The Need for Transparency and Data in Plea Bargaining.” New Criminal Law Review. University of California Press, September 1, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1525/nclr.2019.22.4.434.
Shcherbanyuk, O., V. Gordieiev, and L. Bzova. “Legal Nature of the Principle of Legal Certainty as a Component Element of the Rule of Law.” Juridical Tribune 13, no. 1 (2023): 21–31. https://doi.org/10.24818/TBJ/2023/13/1.02.
Sholahudin, Umar. “Hukum Dan Keadilan Masyarakat (Analisis Sosiologi Hukum Terhadap Kasus Hukum Masyarakat Miskin ‘Asyani’ Di Kabupaten Situbondo).” Dimensi: Journal of Sociology 9, no. 1 (2016). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.21107/djs.v9i1.3736.
Supriansa, S. Rahman, I. Abbas, and H. Djanggih. “The Essence of Restorative Justice in The Development of Indonesian Law.” Revista De Gestao Social E Ambiental 18, no. 8 (2024). https://doi.org/10.24857/rgsa.v18n8-025.
Susilo, E., M. Din, Suhaimi, and T.M. Mansur. “Justice Delayed, Justice Denied: A Critical Examination of Repeated Suspect Status in Indonesia.” Hasanuddin Law Review 10, no. 3 (2024): 342–57. https://doi.org/10.20956/halrev.v10i3.6088.
Valerian, Dion. “Meretas Konsep Baru Pidana Denda Terhadap Tindak Pidana Korupsi.” Jurnal Antikorupsi INTEGRITAS 5, no. 2 (2019): 1–19. https://doi.org/10.32697/integritas.v5i1.342.
Vilar, Silvia Barona. “Mediation and Reparatory Agreements in the Metamorphosis of Criminal Justice of 21st Century.” Boletin Mexicano de Derecho Comparado 51, no. 155 (2019): 685–720. https://doi.org/10.22201/iij.24484873e.2019.155.14945.
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Yuan, X. “Good Seeds, Bad Soil? A Case Study of the Vital Context in the Restorative Justice Process in Mainland China.” International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice 54 (2018): 34–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlcj.2018.06.001.
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