Article Sidebar

Download
PDF
Statistic
Read Counter : 1396 Download : 1292

Main Article Content

Abstract

Organizational models can be used as guidelines for understanding organizations. However, the terms used in the academic world are often not the same as the terms used in the practical world. The lack of consistency of these terms causes these organizational models to be regarded as simply unscientific models. This research was conducted to formulate an integrative concept of organization. This concept will be able to accommodate the terms of the academic world as well as the practical world, so it is expected to be able to standardize the terms in an organizational model. The research method used was the qualitative method, namely meta-ethnography. Meta-ethnography is an approach taken to synthesize some texts and research findings and then reinterpret these texts. The data analyzed in this study is the formulation of organizational models that are well known in the literature, namely the 7-S Model from Pascale and Athos (1981), the Six-Box Model from Weisbord (1976), and the Stream Organizational Model from Porras (1987). The result of the research is the discovery of 12 elements within the organization that systemically have the backbone and the related stuffs. The 12 elements can essentially be condensed into five components which is the backbone of an organization. The backbones of the organization are mission, leadership, culture, performance, and vision. Among the five elements of the backbone, the most complex one is organizational culture, which includes eight interrelated and interdependent elements. The eight elements that build the culture are values, strategy, structure, system, goals, people, skills, and style. In addition, there are environmental forces that influence the running of an organization, they are politics, competition, technology, and population.

Article Details

License

Copyright (c) 2022 Bagus Riyono

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:

  1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
  2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
  3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
Author Biography

Bagus Riyono, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Gadjah Mada
Crossref
Scopus
Google Scholar
Europe PMC

References

  1. Alegre, I., Berbegal-Mirabent, J., Guerrero, A., & Mas-Machuca, M. (2018). The real mission of the mission statement: A systematic review of the literature. Journal of Management & Organization, 24(4), 456–473. https://doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2017.82
  2. Bass, B. M., & Bass, R. (2008). The bass handbook of leadership: Theory, research, and managerial applications fourth edition. Free Press.
  3. Berson, Y., Shamir, B., Avolio, B. J., & Popper, M. (2001). The relationship between vision strength, leadership style, and context. The Leadership Quarterly, 12(1), 53–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1048-9843(01)00064-9
  4. Bowen, S. A. (2018). Mission and vision. In The International Encyclopedia of Strategic Communication (pp. 1–9). Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119010722.iesc0111
  5. Chaston, I. (2013). Entrepreneurship and innovation during austerity. Palgrave Macmillan UK. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137324436
  6. Childress, J. R. (2013). Leverage: The CEO’s guide to corporate culture [Kindle Edition version]. Principia Associates. http://www.amazon.com
  7. Cox, A. M., Pinfield, S., & Rutter, S. (2019). Extending McKinsey’s 7S model to understand strategic alignment in academic libraries. Library Management, 40(5), 313–326. https://doi.org/10.1108/LM-06-2018-0052
  8. Cummings, T. G., & Worley, C. G. (2008). Organization development & change. South-Western Cengage Learning.
  9. Flamholtz, E., & Randle, Y. (2011). Corporate culture: The ultimate strategic asset. Stanford University Press.
  10. Genc, K. Y. (2014). Environmental factors affecting human resources management activities of Turkish large firms. International Journal of Business and Management, 9(11), 102–122. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v9n11p102
  11. Goh, S. Y., Kee, D. M. H., Ooi, Q. E., Boo, J. J., Chen, P. Y., Alosaimi, A., & Ghansal, M. (2020). Organizational culture at starbucks. Journal of The Community Development in Asia, 3(2), 28–34. https://doi.org/10.32535/jcda.v3i2.808
  12. Google. (n.d.). Google search: Our mission. Google. Retrieved October 1, 2021, from https://www.google.com/search/howsearchworks/mission/
  13. Inabinett, J., & Ballaro, J. M. (2014). Developing an organization by predicting employee retention by matching corporate culture with employee’s values: A correlation study. Organization Development Journal, 32(1), 55–74. https://research.phoenix.edu/publication/developing-organization-predicting-employee-retention-matching-corporate-culture
  14. Joseph, O. O., & Kibera, F. (2019). Organizational culture and performance: Evidence from microfinance institutions in Kenya. SAGE Open, 9(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244019835934
  15. Kantabutra, S. (2020). Toward an organizational theory of sustainability vision. Sustainability, 12(3), 1125. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12031125
  16. Kohtamäki, M., Thorgren, S., & Wincent, J. (2016). Organizational identity and behaviors in strategic networks. Journal of Business and Industrial Marketing, 31(1), 36–46. https://doi.org/10.1108/JBIM-07-2014-0141
  17. Metlay, W. (1998). Model of organization. Unpublished Lecture.
  18. Metwally, D., Ruiz-Palomino, P., Metwally, M., & Gartzia, L. (2019). How ethical leadership shapes employees’ readiness to change: The mediating role of an organizational culture of effectiveness. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 2493, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02493
  19. Mohamed, B., & Murad, N. A. A. (2021). Mission and vision in industry development. FBM Insights, 3, 47–50. https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/49845
  20. Noblit, G., & Hare, R. (1988). Meta-ethnography. SAGE Publications. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781412985000
  21. Pascale, R. T., & Athos, A. G. (1981). The art of Japanese management. Simon & Schuster.
  22. Peters, T. J., & Waterman, R. H. (1982). In search of excellence: Lessons from America’s best-run companies. Harper and Row.
  23. Porras, J. I. (1987). Stream analysis: A powerful way to diagnose and manage organizational change. Addison-Wesley Publishing. https://www.amazon.com/Stream-Analysis-Organizational-Addison-wesley-Organization/dp/0201056933.
  24. Ravanfar, M. M. (2015). Analyzing organizational structure based on 7s model of McKinsey. Global Journal of Management and Business Research: Administration and Management, 15(10), 1–7. https://journalofbusiness.org/index.php/GJMBR/article/view/1792
  25. Suwaryo, J., Daryanto, H. K. K., & Maulana, A. (2016). Organizational culture change and its effect on change readiness through organizational commitment. Bisnis dan Birokrasi Journal, 22(1). 68-78. https://doi.org/10.20476/jbb.v22i1.5431
  26. Szczepańska-Woszczyna, K. (2015). Leadership and organizational culture as the normative influence of top management on employee’s behaviour in the innovation process. Procedia Economics and Finance, 34, 396–402. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(15)01646-9
  27. Taiwo, A. A., Lawal, F. A., & Agwu, E. (2016). Vision and mission in organization: Myth or heuristic device? The International Journal of Business and Management, 4(3), 127–134. https://ssrn.com/abstract=3122445
  28. The Walt Disney Company. (n.d.). About the walt disney company. Thewaltdisneycompany.Com. Retrieved October 1, 2021, from https://thewaltdisneycompany.com/about/
  29. Tsai, Y. (2011). Relationship between organizational culture, leadership behavior and job satisfaction. BMC Health Services Research, 11(1), 98. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6963-11-98.
  30. Weisbord, M. R. (1976). Organizational diagnosis: Six places to look for trouble with or without a theory. Group and Organization Studies, 1(4), 430–447. https://doi.org/10.1177/105960117600100405