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Abstract
The Minangnese are an ethnic group in Indonesia that reside in West Sumatra. It has characterized by an emphasis on harmony in all aspects of life. Despite this emphasis, the Minangnese recognize that conflict is a natural occurrence. The study aimed to investigate the effect of religiosity and interpersonal attachment on forgiveness through agreeableness and neuroticism in the Minangnese ethnicity. Minangnese ethnic participants were selected by considering the following criteria, namely citizens of and living in West Sumatra Province, claimed to be Minangnese people, Muslim, and living in West Sumatra Province for the last 10 years. Using a stratified cluster random sampling method, 205 Minangnese individuals were recruited and administered five questionnaires to assess forgiveness, agreeableness, neuroticism, religiosity, and interpersonal attachment. The results indicated that religiosity had a significant influence on forgiveness in the Minangnese ethnicity, with this influence being mediated by agreeableness and neuroticism. Specifically, religiosity was found to have a positive effect on emotional stability and a negative effect on neuroticism, as well as reducing hostility and anger and decreasing anxiety. These findings suggest that religiosity and agreeableness may be important factors to consider when seeking to understand and promote forgiveness in the Minangnese ethnicity
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Copyright (c) 2023 Fuad Nashori, Hariz Enggar Wijaya, Raden Rachmy Diana
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References
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- Ancok, D., Ardani, M. S., & Suroso, F. N. (2018). Psikologi Islami: Solusi Islam atas problem-problem psikologi. Pustaka Pelajar.
- Ancok, D., & Suroso, F. N. (2018). Psikologi islami: Solusi islam atas problem-problem psikologi. Pustaka Pelajar.
- Ashton, M. C., & Lee, K. (2021). A review of personality/religiousness associations. Current Opinion in Psychology, 40, 51–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2020.08.023
- Ayten, A. (2012). How religion promotes forgiveness: The case of Turkish Muslims. Archive for the Psychology of Religion, 34(3), 411–425. https://doi.org/10.1163/15736121-12341243
- Barcaccia, B., Pallini, S., Pozza, A., Milioni, M., Baiocco, R., Mancini, F., & Vecchio, G. M. (2019). Forgiving adolescents: Far from depression, close to well-being. Frontiers in Psychology, 10(1725), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01725
- Bonab, Bagher Ghobari Khodayarifard, M., Geshnigani, R. H., Khoei, B., Nosrati, F., Song, M. J., & Enright, R. D. (2021). Effectiveness of forgiveness education with adolescents in reducing anger and ethnic prejudice in Iran. Journal of Educational Psychology, 113(4), 846–860. https://doi.org/10.1037/edu0000622
- Booker, J. A., & Perlin, J. D. (2021). Using multiple character strengths to inform young adults’ self-compassion: The potential of hope and forgiveness. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 16(3), 379–389. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2020.1716048
- Chung, M.-S. (2016). Relation between lack of forgiveness and depression. Psychological Reports, 119(3), 573–585. https://doi.org/10.1177/0033294116663520
- Çoklar, I., & Dönmez, A. (2019). An examination of the link between neuroticism, victim sensitivity, and forgiveness among university students. Cyprus Turkish Journal of Psychiatry and Psychology, 1(2), 108–115. https://doi.org/10.35365/ctjpp.1.13
- Davis, D. E., Worthington, E. L., Hook, J. N., & Hill, P. C. (2013). Research on religion/spirituality and forgiveness: A meta-analytic review. Psychology of Religion and Spirituality, 5(4), 233–241. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0033637
- Deutsch, M. (2008). Reconciliation after destructve intergroup conflict. In A. Nadler, T. E. Malloy, & J. D. Fisher (Eds.), The social psychology of intergroup reconciliation (pp. 471-486). Oxford University Press.
- Escher, D. (2013). How does religion promote forgiveness? Linking beliefs, orientations, and practices. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 52(1), 100–119. https://doi.org/10.1111/jssr.12012
- Fincham, F. D., May, R. W., & Carlos Chavez, F. L. (2020). Does being religious lead to greater self-forgiveness? The Journal of Positive Psychology, 15(3), 400–406. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2019.1615109
- Fitriani, N. I., & Widiningsih, Y. (2020). Pemaafan dan psychological well-being pada remaja korban bullying. Psikobuletin: Buletin Ilmiah Psikologi, 1(3), 139–145. https://doi.org/10.24014/pib.v1i3.10336
- Hawari, D. (1999). Al-Qur’an, ilmu kedokteran jiwa, dan kesehatan jiwa (A. Jabar, T. Saputrasari, & H. M. Sonhaji, Eds.). Dana Bhakti Prima Yasa.
- Juwita, V. R., & Kustanti, E. R. (2020). Hubungan antara pemaafan dengan kesejahteraan psikologis pada korban perundungan. Jurnal EMPATI, 7(1), 274–282. https://doi.org/10.14710/empati.2018.20196
- Kaleta, K., & Mróz, J. (2018). Personality traits and two dimensions of forgivingness. Roczniki Psychologiczne, 21(2), 147–162. https://doi.org/10.18290/rpsych.2018.21.2-3
- Krause, N. (2017). Religious involvement and self-forgiveness. Mental Health, Religion and Culture, 20(2), 128–142. https://doi.org/10.1080/13674676.2017.1326477
- Marta, R. F., & Fernando, J. (2020). Dialectics of forgiveness between ethnic communities for West Kalimantan harmony. Jurnal The Messenger, 12(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.26623/themessenger.v12i1.1408
- McCrae, R. R., & Costa Jr., P. T. (2003). Personality in adulthood. Taylor & Francis. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203428412
- McCullough, M. E. (2001). Forgiveness: Who does it and how do they do it? Current Directions in Psychological Science, 10(6), 194–197. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8721.00147
- Muluk, H., & Murniati, J. (2007). Konsep kesehatan mental menurut masyarakat etnik Jawa dan Minangkabau. Jurnal Psikologi Sosial, 13(2), 167–181.
- Naim, M. (1986). Minangkabau dalam dialektika kebudayaan Nusantara. In A. A. Navis (Ed.), Dialektika Minangkabau dalam kemelut sosial dan politik (pp. 56–67). Genta Singgalang Press.
- Najati, M. U. (2004). Al-Qur’an dan ilmu jiwa (A. R. 'Usmani, Trans.). Pustaka. (Original work published 1982.
- Nashori, F. (2004). Manajemen qalbu: Bagaimana menyikapi penderitaan hidup? Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Islam Indonesia.
- Nashori, F. (2012). Pemaafan pada etnis Jawa warga Kota Yogyakarta. Universitas Padjadjaran.
- Nashori, F., Diana, R., Syamila, M., Hidayat, B., Kurniawan, Y., & Afsari, N. (2020). Forgiveness among Javanese college students: The role of cultural values and personality trait. Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Religion and Mental Health, ICRMH 2019, 18 - 19 September 2019, Jakarta, Indonesia. https://doi.org/10.4108/eai.18-9-2019.2293461
- Nashori, F., Gusniarti, U., Subandi, M. A., Diana, R. R., & Saputro, I. (2020). Forgiveness among Javanese ethnicity Mancanegari subculture: A case study in Indonesia. International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation, 24(7), 8765–8776. https://doi.org/10.37200/IJPR/V24I7/PR270858
- Nashori, F., Iskandar, T. Z., Setiono, K., Siswadi, A. G. P., & Andriansyah, Y. (2020). Religiosity, interpersonal attachment, and forgiveness among the Javanese population in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Mental Health, Religion and Culture, 23(2), 99–112. https://doi.org/10.1080/13674676.2019.1646233
- Nashori, F., Nurdin, M. N., Herawati, N., Diana, R. R., & Masturah, A. N. (2020). Keterikatan interpersonal pada beberapa etnis besar di Indonesia. Jurnal Psikologi Sosial, 18(1), 53–63. https://doi.org/10.7454/jps.2020.07
- Nashori, F., Wijaya, H. E., Diana, R. R., & Herawati, N. (2019). Forgiveness among maduraness ethnic: The relation between religiosity, interpersonal attachment and personality trait. Advanced Science Letters, 25(1), 155–157. https://doi.org/10.1166/asl.2019.13208
- Nashori, F., Wijaya, H. E., Nugraha, R. S. P., Kurniawan, Y., Kusprayogi, Y., & Diana, R. R. (2015). Islamic religiosity among Javanese and Minangnese ethnicity. In C. Hezhi, L. Weipeng, Margaretha, & R. A. Zein (Eds.), The 2nd International Conference of Psychology in health, social-organizational (ICP-HESOS) Proceedings (pp. 154–162). Zhejiang University, Hangzhou.
- Novitasari, N., & Adri, Z. (2021). Konsep forgiveness di Minangkabau. Jurnal Psikologi Insight, 5(2), 72–80. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.17509/insight.v5i2.44121
- Oktaviana, S. K. (2022). Terapi pemaafan untuk menurunkan tingkat kecemasan remaja korban kekerasan. Jurnal Psikologi Islam dan Budaya, 5(1), 59–70. https://doi.org/10.15575/jpib.v5i1.15523
- Purwadi. (2006). Jejak para wali dan ziarah spiritual (I. Suhanda, Ed.). Kompas.
- Refmiyanti, R., Agustina, A., & Gani, E. (2012). Ungkapan makian Bahasa Minangkabau di Kenagarian Taluk Kecamatan Lintau Buo Kabupaten Tanah Datar. Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia, 1(1), 381–389. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.24036/425-019883
- Rey, L., & Extremera, N. (2016). Agreeableness and interpersonal forgiveness in young adults: The moderating role of gender. Terapia Psicológica, 34(2), 103–110. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-48082016000200003
- Rosa, S. (2017). Mitos bundo kanduang sebagai tirai nalar orang Minangkabau atas dunianya. Jurnal Ikadbudi, 5(12), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.21831/ikadbudi.v5i12.12313
- Saputro, I., & Nashori, F. (2017). Resiliensi mahasiswa ditinjau dari pemaafan dan sifat kepribadian agreeableness. Jurnal Psikologi Islam, 4(2), 171–180. https://jpi.api-himpsi.org/index.php/jpi/article/view/47
- Smith, C. A., & McFarland, M. J. (2015). Forgiveness of others, race/ethnicity, and health: A nascent area of inquiry. In L. Toussaint, E. Worthington, D. R. Williams (Eds.), Forgiveness and Health (pp. 189–204). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9993-5
- Suharsono, M., & Susetyo, D. B. (2017). Karakteristik pemaafan berbasis budaya Jawa. Psikodimensia: Kajian Ilmiah Psikologi, 16(1), 81–90. https://doi.org/10.24167/psiko.v16i1.953
- Watson, P. J., Chen, Z., Ghorbani, N., & Vartanian, M. (2015). Religious openness hypothesis: I. religious reflection, schemas, and orientations within religious fundamentalist and biblical foundationalist ideological surrounds. Journal of Psychology and Christianity, 34(2), 99–113. http://files/817/watson2015.pdf
- Webb, M., Chickering, S. A., Colburn, T. A., Heisler, D., & Call, S. (2005). Religiosity and dispositional forgiveness. Review of Religious Research, 46(4), 355–370. https://doi.org/10.2307/3512166
References
Abdel-Khalek, A. M., Nuño, L., Gómez-Benito, J., & Lester, D. (2019). The relationship between religiosity and anxiety: A meta-analysis. Journal of Religion and Health, 58(5), 1847–1856. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-019-00881-z
Amalia, H. P., Setyowati, T., Purwanto, A., Indojacmiko, I., & Lestari, S. (2022). Pelatihan pemaafan untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan subjektif wanita korban KDRT. Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Indonesia, 2(1), 45–51. https://doi.org/10.52436/1.jpmi.437
Ancok, D., Ardani, M. S., & Suroso, F. N. (2018). Psikologi Islami: Solusi Islam atas problem-problem psikologi. Pustaka Pelajar.
Ancok, D., & Suroso, F. N. (2018). Psikologi islami: Solusi islam atas problem-problem psikologi. Pustaka Pelajar.
Ashton, M. C., & Lee, K. (2021). A review of personality/religiousness associations. Current Opinion in Psychology, 40, 51–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2020.08.023
Ayten, A. (2012). How religion promotes forgiveness: The case of Turkish Muslims. Archive for the Psychology of Religion, 34(3), 411–425. https://doi.org/10.1163/15736121-12341243
Barcaccia, B., Pallini, S., Pozza, A., Milioni, M., Baiocco, R., Mancini, F., & Vecchio, G. M. (2019). Forgiving adolescents: Far from depression, close to well-being. Frontiers in Psychology, 10(1725), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01725
Bonab, Bagher Ghobari Khodayarifard, M., Geshnigani, R. H., Khoei, B., Nosrati, F., Song, M. J., & Enright, R. D. (2021). Effectiveness of forgiveness education with adolescents in reducing anger and ethnic prejudice in Iran. Journal of Educational Psychology, 113(4), 846–860. https://doi.org/10.1037/edu0000622
Booker, J. A., & Perlin, J. D. (2021). Using multiple character strengths to inform young adults’ self-compassion: The potential of hope and forgiveness. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 16(3), 379–389. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2020.1716048
Chung, M.-S. (2016). Relation between lack of forgiveness and depression. Psychological Reports, 119(3), 573–585. https://doi.org/10.1177/0033294116663520
Çoklar, I., & Dönmez, A. (2019). An examination of the link between neuroticism, victim sensitivity, and forgiveness among university students. Cyprus Turkish Journal of Psychiatry and Psychology, 1(2), 108–115. https://doi.org/10.35365/ctjpp.1.13
Davis, D. E., Worthington, E. L., Hook, J. N., & Hill, P. C. (2013). Research on religion/spirituality and forgiveness: A meta-analytic review. Psychology of Religion and Spirituality, 5(4), 233–241. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0033637
Deutsch, M. (2008). Reconciliation after destructve intergroup conflict. In A. Nadler, T. E. Malloy, & J. D. Fisher (Eds.), The social psychology of intergroup reconciliation (pp. 471-486). Oxford University Press.
Escher, D. (2013). How does religion promote forgiveness? Linking beliefs, orientations, and practices. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 52(1), 100–119. https://doi.org/10.1111/jssr.12012
Fincham, F. D., May, R. W., & Carlos Chavez, F. L. (2020). Does being religious lead to greater self-forgiveness? The Journal of Positive Psychology, 15(3), 400–406. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2019.1615109
Fitriani, N. I., & Widiningsih, Y. (2020). Pemaafan dan psychological well-being pada remaja korban bullying. Psikobuletin: Buletin Ilmiah Psikologi, 1(3), 139–145. https://doi.org/10.24014/pib.v1i3.10336
Hawari, D. (1999). Al-Qur’an, ilmu kedokteran jiwa, dan kesehatan jiwa (A. Jabar, T. Saputrasari, & H. M. Sonhaji, Eds.). Dana Bhakti Prima Yasa.
Juwita, V. R., & Kustanti, E. R. (2020). Hubungan antara pemaafan dengan kesejahteraan psikologis pada korban perundungan. Jurnal EMPATI, 7(1), 274–282. https://doi.org/10.14710/empati.2018.20196
Kaleta, K., & Mróz, J. (2018). Personality traits and two dimensions of forgivingness. Roczniki Psychologiczne, 21(2), 147–162. https://doi.org/10.18290/rpsych.2018.21.2-3
Krause, N. (2017). Religious involvement and self-forgiveness. Mental Health, Religion and Culture, 20(2), 128–142. https://doi.org/10.1080/13674676.2017.1326477
Marta, R. F., & Fernando, J. (2020). Dialectics of forgiveness between ethnic communities for West Kalimantan harmony. Jurnal The Messenger, 12(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.26623/themessenger.v12i1.1408
McCrae, R. R., & Costa Jr., P. T. (2003). Personality in adulthood. Taylor & Francis. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203428412
McCullough, M. E. (2001). Forgiveness: Who does it and how do they do it? Current Directions in Psychological Science, 10(6), 194–197. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8721.00147
Muluk, H., & Murniati, J. (2007). Konsep kesehatan mental menurut masyarakat etnik Jawa dan Minangkabau. Jurnal Psikologi Sosial, 13(2), 167–181.
Naim, M. (1986). Minangkabau dalam dialektika kebudayaan Nusantara. In A. A. Navis (Ed.), Dialektika Minangkabau dalam kemelut sosial dan politik (pp. 56–67). Genta Singgalang Press.
Najati, M. U. (2004). Al-Qur’an dan ilmu jiwa (A. R. 'Usmani, Trans.). Pustaka. (Original work published 1982.
Nashori, F. (2004). Manajemen qalbu: Bagaimana menyikapi penderitaan hidup? Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Islam Indonesia.
Nashori, F. (2012). Pemaafan pada etnis Jawa warga Kota Yogyakarta. Universitas Padjadjaran.
Nashori, F., Diana, R., Syamila, M., Hidayat, B., Kurniawan, Y., & Afsari, N. (2020). Forgiveness among Javanese college students: The role of cultural values and personality trait. Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Religion and Mental Health, ICRMH 2019, 18 - 19 September 2019, Jakarta, Indonesia. https://doi.org/10.4108/eai.18-9-2019.2293461
Nashori, F., Gusniarti, U., Subandi, M. A., Diana, R. R., & Saputro, I. (2020). Forgiveness among Javanese ethnicity Mancanegari subculture: A case study in Indonesia. International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation, 24(7), 8765–8776. https://doi.org/10.37200/IJPR/V24I7/PR270858
Nashori, F., Iskandar, T. Z., Setiono, K., Siswadi, A. G. P., & Andriansyah, Y. (2020). Religiosity, interpersonal attachment, and forgiveness among the Javanese population in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Mental Health, Religion and Culture, 23(2), 99–112. https://doi.org/10.1080/13674676.2019.1646233
Nashori, F., Nurdin, M. N., Herawati, N., Diana, R. R., & Masturah, A. N. (2020). Keterikatan interpersonal pada beberapa etnis besar di Indonesia. Jurnal Psikologi Sosial, 18(1), 53–63. https://doi.org/10.7454/jps.2020.07
Nashori, F., Wijaya, H. E., Diana, R. R., & Herawati, N. (2019). Forgiveness among maduraness ethnic: The relation between religiosity, interpersonal attachment and personality trait. Advanced Science Letters, 25(1), 155–157. https://doi.org/10.1166/asl.2019.13208
Nashori, F., Wijaya, H. E., Nugraha, R. S. P., Kurniawan, Y., Kusprayogi, Y., & Diana, R. R. (2015). Islamic religiosity among Javanese and Minangnese ethnicity. In C. Hezhi, L. Weipeng, Margaretha, & R. A. Zein (Eds.), The 2nd International Conference of Psychology in health, social-organizational (ICP-HESOS) Proceedings (pp. 154–162). Zhejiang University, Hangzhou.
Novitasari, N., & Adri, Z. (2021). Konsep forgiveness di Minangkabau. Jurnal Psikologi Insight, 5(2), 72–80. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.17509/insight.v5i2.44121
Oktaviana, S. K. (2022). Terapi pemaafan untuk menurunkan tingkat kecemasan remaja korban kekerasan. Jurnal Psikologi Islam dan Budaya, 5(1), 59–70. https://doi.org/10.15575/jpib.v5i1.15523
Purwadi. (2006). Jejak para wali dan ziarah spiritual (I. Suhanda, Ed.). Kompas.
Refmiyanti, R., Agustina, A., & Gani, E. (2012). Ungkapan makian Bahasa Minangkabau di Kenagarian Taluk Kecamatan Lintau Buo Kabupaten Tanah Datar. Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia, 1(1), 381–389. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.24036/425-019883
Rey, L., & Extremera, N. (2016). Agreeableness and interpersonal forgiveness in young adults: The moderating role of gender. Terapia Psicológica, 34(2), 103–110. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-48082016000200003
Rosa, S. (2017). Mitos bundo kanduang sebagai tirai nalar orang Minangkabau atas dunianya. Jurnal Ikadbudi, 5(12), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.21831/ikadbudi.v5i12.12313
Saputro, I., & Nashori, F. (2017). Resiliensi mahasiswa ditinjau dari pemaafan dan sifat kepribadian agreeableness. Jurnal Psikologi Islam, 4(2), 171–180. https://jpi.api-himpsi.org/index.php/jpi/article/view/47
Smith, C. A., & McFarland, M. J. (2015). Forgiveness of others, race/ethnicity, and health: A nascent area of inquiry. In L. Toussaint, E. Worthington, D. R. Williams (Eds.), Forgiveness and Health (pp. 189–204). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9993-5
Suharsono, M., & Susetyo, D. B. (2017). Karakteristik pemaafan berbasis budaya Jawa. Psikodimensia: Kajian Ilmiah Psikologi, 16(1), 81–90. https://doi.org/10.24167/psiko.v16i1.953
Watson, P. J., Chen, Z., Ghorbani, N., & Vartanian, M. (2015). Religious openness hypothesis: I. religious reflection, schemas, and orientations within religious fundamentalist and biblical foundationalist ideological surrounds. Journal of Psychology and Christianity, 34(2), 99–113. http://files/817/watson2015.pdf
Webb, M., Chickering, S. A., Colburn, T. A., Heisler, D., & Call, S. (2005). Religiosity and dispositional forgiveness. Review of Religious Research, 46(4), 355–370. https://doi.org/10.2307/3512166