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This article analyses the current human rights situation of hijras (eunuchs) in India against the background of Criminal Tribes Act (CTA) in 1871. This article argues that British colonial construct/imposition of masculinity on Indian hijras by classifying them as ‘criminal tribes’ have adversely impacted their lives not only in British India, but also in Contemporary India. To support main argument, article also contextualizes gender theories in the light of hijra’s bodies.
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References
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References
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Carstairs, G. M. (1956). Hinjra and jiryan: Two derivatives of Hindu attitudes to sexuality. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 29(2), 128–138. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8341.1956.tb00909.x
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Foucault, M. (1990). The history of sexuality, Vol. 1: An introduction (R. Hurley, Trans.; Reissue edition). Vintage.
Foucault, M. (1995). Discipline & punish: The birth of the prison (A. Sheridan, Trans.). Vintage Books.
Garland-Thomson, R. (2011). Misfits: A feminist materialist disability concept. Hypatia, 26(3), 591–609. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1527-2001.2011.01206.x
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Hinchy, J. (2014). Deviant domesticities and sexualised childhoods: Prostitutes, eunuchs and the limits of the state child “rescue” mission in colonial India. In H. Choi & M. Jolly (Eds.), Divine domesticities: Christian paradoxes in Asia and the Pacific (pp. 247–279). ANU Press. https://doi.org/10.22459/DD.10.2014.09
Hinchy, J. (2019a). Governing gender and sexuality in colonial India: The Hijra, C. 1850–1900. Cambridge University Press.
Hinchy, J. (2019b, April 29). “Registers of eunuchs” in colonial India. History Workshop. https://www.historyworkshop.org.uk/registers-of-eunuchs-in-colonial-india/
Hinchy, J. (2019c, July 2). The long history of criminalising Hijras [HTML]. Himal Southasian. https://www.himalmag.com/long-history-criminalising-hijras-india-jessica-hinchy-2019/
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