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Abstract
The Covid-19 pandemic presented both opportunities and challenges in higher education, including in the field of International Relations. On one hand, Covid-19 accelerated digitalization, encompassing online classrooms, online assignments, and blended learning with synchronous and asynchronous modes of instruction. This research will explore the process through which the Department of International Relations at Universitas Islam Indonesia adapted to the challenges posed by the pandemic. The study will employ a qualitative method, utilizing open-ended questions and interviews with lecturers from the Department of International Relations at Universitas Islam Indonesia. The data will be analyzed using Historical Sequence Analysis as developed by Mahoney et al. (2009). This research will demonstrate that the Covid-19 pandemic and digitalization are interdependent in establishing the new blended learning mode, which continues to be utilized to this day.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Tri Inov Haripa, Farhan Abdul Majiid

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References
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- Benavides, L. M. C., Tamayo Arias, J. A., Arango Serna, M. D., Branch Bedoya, J. W., & Burgos, D. (2020). Digital Transformation in Higher Education Institutions: A Systematic Literature Review. Sensors, 20(11), Article 11. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20113291
- Humas UII. (2020, July 27). Mendesain Asesmen Daring yang Menarik dan Aplikatif. Retrieved from Universitas Islam Indonesia: https://www.uii.ac.id/mendesain-asesmen-daring-yang-menarik-dan-aplikatif/
- Lacka, E., Wong, T. C., & Haddoud, M. Y. (2021). Can digital technologies improve students’ efficiency? Exploring the role of Virtual Learning Environment and Social Media use in Higher Education. Computers & Education, 163, 104099. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2020.104099
- Ladwig, A., Berg-Poppe, P. J., Ikiugu, M., & Ness, B. M. (2021). Andragogy in Graduate Health Programs During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Distance Learning, 18(3), 31–44.
- Mahoney, J., Kimball, E., & Koivu, K. L. (2009). The Logic of Historical Explanation in the Social Sciences. Comparative Political Studies, 42(1), 114–146. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414008325433
- Rana, N. P., Slade, E., Kitching, S., & Dwivedi, Y. K. (2019). The IT way of loafing in class: Extending the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to understand students’ cyberslacking intentions. Computers in Human Behavior, 101, 114–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2019.07.022
- Ryan, J. M. (2023). Teaching and Learning During the COVID-19 Pandemic. In J. M. Ryan, Pandemic Pedagogies: Teaching and Learning During the Covid-19 Pandemic (pp. 14-30). New York: Routledge.
- Smith, H. A., & Hornsby, D. J. (2021). Introduction: Teaching International Relations in a Time of Disruption and Pandemic. In H. A. Smith & D. J. Hornsby (Eds.), Teaching International Relations in a Time of Disruption (pp. 1–7). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56421-6_1
- UII. (2020, March 14). Mitigasi Penyebaran Covid-19. Retrieved from Universitas Islam Indonesia: https://www.uii.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/UIICovid19-Mitigasi-Corona.pdf
- van Empel, G., Mulyanto, J., & Wiratama, B. S. (2020). Undertesting of COVID-19 in Indonesia: What has gone wrong? Journal of Global Health, 10(2), 020306. https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.10.020306
- Wahid, F. (2020, March 14). Surat Edaran Rektor: Mitigasi Penyebaran Covid-19. Retrieved from Universitas Islam Indonesia: https://www.uii.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/SR-2020-1048-Mitigasi-Covid-14-Maret-2020.pdf
- Wekerle, C., Daumiller, M., & Kollar, I. (2022). Using digital technology to promote higher education learning: The importance of different learning activities and their relations to learning outcomes. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 54(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/15391523.2020.1799455
- Woodside, A. (2010). Case Study Research: Theory, Methods, and Practice. Emerald Publishing.
- Yarrow, N., Masood, E., & Afkar, R. (2020). Estimates of COVID-19 Impacts on Learning and Earning in Indonesia: How to Turn the Tide. The World Bank.
References
Antara News. (2020, March 15). Cegah COVID-19 meluas, Jokowi minta masyarakat bekerja dan belajar dari rumah. Retrieved from Antara News: https://www.antaranews.com/foto/1357666/cegah-covid-19-meluas-jokowi-minta-masyarakat-bekerja-dan-belajar-dari-rumah/2
Benavides, L. M. C., Tamayo Arias, J. A., Arango Serna, M. D., Branch Bedoya, J. W., & Burgos, D. (2020). Digital Transformation in Higher Education Institutions: A Systematic Literature Review. Sensors, 20(11), Article 11. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20113291
Humas UII. (2020, July 27). Mendesain Asesmen Daring yang Menarik dan Aplikatif. Retrieved from Universitas Islam Indonesia: https://www.uii.ac.id/mendesain-asesmen-daring-yang-menarik-dan-aplikatif/
Lacka, E., Wong, T. C., & Haddoud, M. Y. (2021). Can digital technologies improve students’ efficiency? Exploring the role of Virtual Learning Environment and Social Media use in Higher Education. Computers & Education, 163, 104099. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2020.104099
Ladwig, A., Berg-Poppe, P. J., Ikiugu, M., & Ness, B. M. (2021). Andragogy in Graduate Health Programs During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Distance Learning, 18(3), 31–44.
Mahoney, J., Kimball, E., & Koivu, K. L. (2009). The Logic of Historical Explanation in the Social Sciences. Comparative Political Studies, 42(1), 114–146. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414008325433
Rana, N. P., Slade, E., Kitching, S., & Dwivedi, Y. K. (2019). The IT way of loafing in class: Extending the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to understand students’ cyberslacking intentions. Computers in Human Behavior, 101, 114–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2019.07.022
Ryan, J. M. (2023). Teaching and Learning During the COVID-19 Pandemic. In J. M. Ryan, Pandemic Pedagogies: Teaching and Learning During the Covid-19 Pandemic (pp. 14-30). New York: Routledge.
Smith, H. A., & Hornsby, D. J. (2021). Introduction: Teaching International Relations in a Time of Disruption and Pandemic. In H. A. Smith & D. J. Hornsby (Eds.), Teaching International Relations in a Time of Disruption (pp. 1–7). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56421-6_1
UII. (2020, March 14). Mitigasi Penyebaran Covid-19. Retrieved from Universitas Islam Indonesia: https://www.uii.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/UIICovid19-Mitigasi-Corona.pdf
van Empel, G., Mulyanto, J., & Wiratama, B. S. (2020). Undertesting of COVID-19 in Indonesia: What has gone wrong? Journal of Global Health, 10(2), 020306. https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.10.020306
Wahid, F. (2020, March 14). Surat Edaran Rektor: Mitigasi Penyebaran Covid-19. Retrieved from Universitas Islam Indonesia: https://www.uii.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/SR-2020-1048-Mitigasi-Covid-14-Maret-2020.pdf
Wekerle, C., Daumiller, M., & Kollar, I. (2022). Using digital technology to promote higher education learning: The importance of different learning activities and their relations to learning outcomes. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 54(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/15391523.2020.1799455
Woodside, A. (2010). Case Study Research: Theory, Methods, and Practice. Emerald Publishing.
Yarrow, N., Masood, E., & Afkar, R. (2020). Estimates of COVID-19 Impacts on Learning and Earning in Indonesia: How to Turn the Tide. The World Bank.