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Abstract
The addition of a rear diffuser to a city car is a modification concept that lends it a distinctive character. Developing this component to provide further added value remains a challenge. In this study, the modification process for the rear diffuser of a city car was carried out using a reverse engineering approach supported by 3D scanning, re-drawing, modification, and prototyping. The 3D scanning process was performed using a 3D scanner with a scanning volume ranging from 0,2 m 0,2 m 0,2 m to 2 m 2 m 2 m and an operational range 0,45 m to 1,6 m. This process was optimized through object colorization. CAD models were re-drawn and evaluated using a combination of CAD and CAE software and their features. The results of this study indicated that reverse engineering methods supported by 3D scanning and 3D printing technologies could results in a variety of rear-diffuser designs for city cars, with airflow analysis showing that these designs do not compromise vehicle performance.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Dadi Satrio Wibowo, Rahmat Riza, Paryana Puspaputra
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References
- Anwer, N., & Mathieu, L. (2016). From reverse engineering to shape engineering in mechanical design. CIRP Annals - Manufacturing Technology, 65(1), 165–168.
- Buonamici, F., Carfagni, M., Furferi, R., Governi, L., Lapini, A., & Volpe, Y. (2017). Reverse engineering of mechanical parts: A template-based approach. Journal of Computational Design and Engineering, 5(2), 1–15.
- Chandrupatla, T. R., & Belegundu, A. D. (2002). Introduction to finite elements in engineering (3rd ed.). Prentice Hall.
- Haleem, A., & Javaid, M. (2020). 3D printed medical parts with different materials using additive manufacturing. Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health, 8, 215–233.
- Hibatullah, H. L., & Wailanduw, A. G. (2025). Analisa aerodinamika pada kendaraan GARED IV dengan variasi sudut rear diffuser menggunakan metode computational fluid dynamics. Jurnal Teknik Mesin (JTM), 14(1), 81–88.
- Hidayat, Y. H. (2006). Analisa tekanan dan laju kecepatan angin pada mobil GL-BUS menggunakan software berbasis computational fluid dynamics (CFD) [Laporan kerja praktik]. Universitas Gunadarma.
- Massoud, M. (2005). Engineering thermofluids: Thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, and heat transfer. Springer.
- Mongeon, B. (2016). 3D technology in fine art and craft. Focal Press.
- Raja, V., & Fernandes, K. J. (2008). Reverse engineering: An industrial perspective. Springer.
- Sharma, A. (2017). Computational fluid dynamics: Development, application and analysis. John Wiley & Sons.
- Siregar, I. (2018). Studi eksperimen tentang pengaruh ground clearance dengan menggunakan 4-diffuser channels pada bagian belakang bodi bus. Jurnal LPPM UGN, 9(1D).
- Um, D. (2016). Solid modeling and applications: Rapid prototyping, CAD and CAE theory. Springer.
- Verma, G., & Samar. (2018). Autodesk Fusion 360 (2nd ed.). CADCAMCAE Works.
References
Anwer, N., & Mathieu, L. (2016). From reverse engineering to shape engineering in mechanical design. CIRP Annals - Manufacturing Technology, 65(1), 165–168.
Buonamici, F., Carfagni, M., Furferi, R., Governi, L., Lapini, A., & Volpe, Y. (2017). Reverse engineering of mechanical parts: A template-based approach. Journal of Computational Design and Engineering, 5(2), 1–15.
Chandrupatla, T. R., & Belegundu, A. D. (2002). Introduction to finite elements in engineering (3rd ed.). Prentice Hall.
Haleem, A., & Javaid, M. (2020). 3D printed medical parts with different materials using additive manufacturing. Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health, 8, 215–233.
Hibatullah, H. L., & Wailanduw, A. G. (2025). Analisa aerodinamika pada kendaraan GARED IV dengan variasi sudut rear diffuser menggunakan metode computational fluid dynamics. Jurnal Teknik Mesin (JTM), 14(1), 81–88.
Hidayat, Y. H. (2006). Analisa tekanan dan laju kecepatan angin pada mobil GL-BUS menggunakan software berbasis computational fluid dynamics (CFD) [Laporan kerja praktik]. Universitas Gunadarma.
Massoud, M. (2005). Engineering thermofluids: Thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, and heat transfer. Springer.
Mongeon, B. (2016). 3D technology in fine art and craft. Focal Press.
Raja, V., & Fernandes, K. J. (2008). Reverse engineering: An industrial perspective. Springer.
Sharma, A. (2017). Computational fluid dynamics: Development, application and analysis. John Wiley & Sons.
Siregar, I. (2018). Studi eksperimen tentang pengaruh ground clearance dengan menggunakan 4-diffuser channels pada bagian belakang bodi bus. Jurnal LPPM UGN, 9(1D).
Um, D. (2016). Solid modeling and applications: Rapid prototyping, CAD and CAE theory. Springer.
Verma, G., & Samar. (2018). Autodesk Fusion 360 (2nd ed.). CADCAMCAE Works.