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Abstract
This study aims to determine the effect of positive psychotherapy on improving the welfare well-being of early adult women who do not have a partner/boy friend/fiancee. Positive psychotherapy (PPT) is a therapy developed by Tayyab Rashid using a positive psychological approach. The goal of this therapy is to build a pleasant life, engagement life, and a meaningful life, by optimizing the power side of a person and maximizing the usefulness of positive emotions. The researchs design in this research is quasi experimental, involving two Participants using purposive sampling technique. Data were obtained by using interview method, observation, and questionnaire. The questionnaire used in this research is Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) and positive and negative influences affect schedule (PANAS). Positive psychotherapy is given as much as six sessions. Measurements are made twice, ie before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using descriptive-qualitative analysis. The results showed. Positive psychotherapy gives effect in improving subjective wellbeing of single early adult women who do not have a partner/boy friend/fiancee.
Keywords: positive psychotherapy, positive psychology, subjective well-being
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References
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- Barker, C., Pistrang, N., & Elliott, R. 2002. Research methods in clinical and psychology: an introduction for students and practitioners, 2, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. England
- Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1975). Beyond boredom and anxiety. San Fransisco: Josey Bass Publishers.
- Diener, E., Lucas, R., & Oishi, R. (2005). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality Assessment,49, 71-75.
- Fredrickson, B.L. (1998). What good are positive emotions? rev gen psychol. 2(3), 300-319.
- Fredrickson, B.L. (2001). The role of positive emotions in positive psychology. The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions. Am Psychol.56(3), 218-26.
- Fredrickson, B.L. & Branigan, C. (2005). Positive emotions broaden the scope of attention and thought-action repertoires. Cogn Emot.19(3): 313–332. doi:10.1080/02699930441000238.
- Frijda, N.H. (1986). The emotions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Hanugraheni, A. Y., Nu’man, T.M. (2008). Naskah publikasi hubungan harapan sosial untuk menikah muda dengan stres pada wanita lajang suku jawa usia dewasa muda. Skripsi. Yogyakarta: UII.
- Higgins, E.T., (1987). Self-discrepancy: a theory relating self and affect, APA, Inc.-Psychological Review 94 (3)
- Kementrian Kesehatan RI. (2010). Riset kesehatan dasar-riskesdas, www.scribd.com/doc/52186303/RISKESDAS-2010, diunduh 28 Juli 2014
- Magyar-Moe, J.L. (2009). Therapist’s guide to positive psychological intervention. New York: Academic Press.
- Michalos, A. C. (1985). Multiple discrepancies theory (MDT). Social Indicators Research, 16, 347–413.
- Moneta G.B. & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1996). The effect of perceived challenges and skills on the quality of subjective experience. Journal of Personality, 64(2), 275-310.
- Mustikawati, F. (2014). Pengaruh happiness program terhadap tingkat happiness pada penyintas kanker payudara. Tesis. Jatinangor: Program Psikologi Profesi UNPAD.
- Oishi, S., Schimmack, U., Diener, E., & Suh, E. M. (1998). The measurement of values and individualism-collectivism. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 24, 1177-1189.
- Omodei, M.M., Wearing, A.J. (1990). Need satisfaction and involvement in personal projects: toward an integrative model of subjective well-being, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59(4), 762-769.
- Pavot, W. & Diener, E. (1993). Review of the satisfaction with life scale. Journal o Psychological Assessment, 5 (2), 164-172.
- Peseschkian, N. (1987), Positive psychotherapy: Theory and practice of a new method. Translated by Robert Walker. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
- Rashid,T. (2008), Positive psychotherapy,www.tayyabrashid.com/pdf/ppt.pdf, diunduh 28 Juli 2014.
- Rashid, T. (2008), Positive psychotherapy: session by session planning, www.tayyabrashid.com/site/page?view=ppt, diunduh 2 Februari 2015.
- Robinson, O. (2008). Developmental crisis in early adulthood: a composite qualitative analysis. London: University of London
- Seligman, M. E. P. (2002). Authentic happiness. New York: Free Press.
- Seligman, M. E. P. & Steen, T. (2005). Making people happier: a randomized controlled study of exercises that build positive emotion, engagement, and meaning. Am. Psychol. (Submitted.)
- Seligman, M.E.P. 2006. Learned optimism: how to change your mind and your life. New York: Pocket Books.
- Seligman, M. E. P., Rashid, T., & Parks, A. C. (2006). Positive psychotherapy. American Psychologist,61, 774-788.
- Snyder, C.R. & Shane J. L. (2002). Handbook of positive psychology. New York: Oxford University Press.
- Wardati, M.A. (2014). Pengaruh Positive psychotherapy terhadap self esteem remajakorban kdrt. Tesis. Bandung: UNISBA.
- Watson, D. & Clark, L.A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS Scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54 (6), 1063-1070.
References
Aspinwall, L.G. & Richter, L. (1999). Optimism and self-mastery predict more rapid disengagement from unsolvable tasks in the presence of alternatives. Motivation and Emotion, 23(3), 221–245.
Barker, C., Pistrang, N., & Elliott, R. 2002. Research methods in clinical and psychology: an introduction for students and practitioners, 2, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. England
Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1975). Beyond boredom and anxiety. San Fransisco: Josey Bass Publishers.
Diener, E., Lucas, R., & Oishi, R. (2005). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality Assessment,49, 71-75.
Fredrickson, B.L. (1998). What good are positive emotions? rev gen psychol. 2(3), 300-319.
Fredrickson, B.L. (2001). The role of positive emotions in positive psychology. The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions. Am Psychol.56(3), 218-26.
Fredrickson, B.L. & Branigan, C. (2005). Positive emotions broaden the scope of attention and thought-action repertoires. Cogn Emot.19(3): 313–332. doi:10.1080/02699930441000238.
Frijda, N.H. (1986). The emotions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Hanugraheni, A. Y., Nu’man, T.M. (2008). Naskah publikasi hubungan harapan sosial untuk menikah muda dengan stres pada wanita lajang suku jawa usia dewasa muda. Skripsi. Yogyakarta: UII.
Higgins, E.T., (1987). Self-discrepancy: a theory relating self and affect, APA, Inc.-Psychological Review 94 (3)
Kementrian Kesehatan RI. (2010). Riset kesehatan dasar-riskesdas, www.scribd.com/doc/52186303/RISKESDAS-2010, diunduh 28 Juli 2014
Magyar-Moe, J.L. (2009). Therapist’s guide to positive psychological intervention. New York: Academic Press.
Michalos, A. C. (1985). Multiple discrepancies theory (MDT). Social Indicators Research, 16, 347–413.
Moneta G.B. & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1996). The effect of perceived challenges and skills on the quality of subjective experience. Journal of Personality, 64(2), 275-310.
Mustikawati, F. (2014). Pengaruh happiness program terhadap tingkat happiness pada penyintas kanker payudara. Tesis. Jatinangor: Program Psikologi Profesi UNPAD.
Oishi, S., Schimmack, U., Diener, E., & Suh, E. M. (1998). The measurement of values and individualism-collectivism. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 24, 1177-1189.
Omodei, M.M., Wearing, A.J. (1990). Need satisfaction and involvement in personal projects: toward an integrative model of subjective well-being, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59(4), 762-769.
Pavot, W. & Diener, E. (1993). Review of the satisfaction with life scale. Journal o Psychological Assessment, 5 (2), 164-172.
Peseschkian, N. (1987), Positive psychotherapy: Theory and practice of a new method. Translated by Robert Walker. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
Rashid,T. (2008), Positive psychotherapy,www.tayyabrashid.com/pdf/ppt.pdf, diunduh 28 Juli 2014.
Rashid, T. (2008), Positive psychotherapy: session by session planning, www.tayyabrashid.com/site/page?view=ppt, diunduh 2 Februari 2015.
Robinson, O. (2008). Developmental crisis in early adulthood: a composite qualitative analysis. London: University of London
Seligman, M. E. P. (2002). Authentic happiness. New York: Free Press.
Seligman, M. E. P. & Steen, T. (2005). Making people happier: a randomized controlled study of exercises that build positive emotion, engagement, and meaning. Am. Psychol. (Submitted.)
Seligman, M.E.P. 2006. Learned optimism: how to change your mind and your life. New York: Pocket Books.
Seligman, M. E. P., Rashid, T., & Parks, A. C. (2006). Positive psychotherapy. American Psychologist,61, 774-788.
Snyder, C.R. & Shane J. L. (2002). Handbook of positive psychology. New York: Oxford University Press.
Wardati, M.A. (2014). Pengaruh Positive psychotherapy terhadap self esteem remajakorban kdrt. Tesis. Bandung: UNISBA.
Watson, D. & Clark, L.A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS Scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54 (6), 1063-1070.