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Abstract
ABSTRACT
Any changes in the system of an organization could be stressful. Having
hardiness would be important to deal with a problem. This study aims to
seek out the effectiveness of hardiness training in improving problemsolving.
A quasi-experimental design with one group pretest-post test
design was applied. There were sixteen employees of various
organizational divisions enrolled in this study. Data were collected before
and after the six-session of hardiness training using the Brief COPE scale
and the Dispositional Resilience Scale (DRS-15) developed by Bertone.
Results from the Wilcoxon signed-rank test showed that there was no
significant difference in the attitude of the effectiveness of problem-solving
among employees before and after training (p>0,05). However, there were
differences in knowledge of understanding hardiness before and after
training. (p=.002, p>0,05). It can be concluded that hardiness training
could increase the knowledge about hardiness; but not the attitude toward
problem-solving.
ABSTRAK
Setiap perubahan dalam sistem organisasi dapat membuat stres bagi
sebagian orang. Memiliki sifat tahan banting menjadi penting dalam
menghadapi suatu masalah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui
efektivitas pelatihan hardiness dalam meningkatkan pemecahan
masalah. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain kuasi eksperimen dengan
desain one group prates-paskates. Enam belas karyawan dari berbagai
divisi organisasi Yayasan Sosial dilibatkan dalam penelitian ini. Data
dikumpulkan sebelum dan setelah enam sesi pelatihan hardiness
menggunakan skala Brief COPE dan Dispositional Resilience scale (DRS-
15) yang dikembangkan Bertone. Hasil dari uji Wilcoxon signed rank-test
menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan dalam sikap
pemecahan masalah di antara karyawan sebelum dan sesudah pelatihan
(p> 0,05). Namun, ada perbedaan pengetahuan dalam memahami
hardiness sebelum dan sesudah pelatihan. (p = 0,002, p> 0,05).
Disimpulkan bahwa pelatihan hardiness dapat meningkatkan
pengetahuan tentang hardiness; tetapi tidak dapat meningkatkan sikap
tangguh dalam menyelesaikan masalah.
Keywords
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References
- Algoe, S. B., & Fredrickson, B. L. (2011). Emotional fitness and the movement of affective science from lab to field. American Psychologist, 66(1), 35–42. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0021720
- Anshel, M. H., Umscheid, D., & Brinthaupt, T. M. (2013). Effect of a combined coping skills and wellness program on perceived stress and physical energy among police emergency dispatchers: An exploratory study. Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology, 28(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11896-012-9110-x
- Bartone, P. T. (1995). A Short Hardiness Scale. Paper presented at The Third Annual Convention of The Association Psychological Society. Washington DC.
- Brannon, L., Feist, J., & Updegraff, J. A. (2014). Health psychology: An introduction to behavior and health (Eighth). Wadsworth Cengage Learning. https://books.google.tg/books?id=uP8KWs0KHFwC&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr#v=onepage&q&f=false
- Carver, C. S. (1997). You want to measure coping but your protocol’ too long: Consider the brief cope. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 4(1), 92. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327558ijbm0401_6
- Cash, M. L., & Dianne, G. (2011). Cognitive hardiness, appraisal and coping: Comparing two transactional models. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 26(8), 646–664. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683941111181752
- Funder, D. C. (1991). Global Traits: A neo-allportian approach to personality. Psychological Science, 2(1), 31–39. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.1991.tb00093.x
- Furnham, A. (1986). Response bias, social desirability and dissimulation. Personality and Individual Differences, 7(3), 385–400. https://doi.org/10.1016/0191-8869(86)90014-0
- Kobasa, S. C. (1982). Commitment and coping in stress resilience among lawyers. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 42(4).
- Kobasa, S. C., Maddi, S. R., & Kahn, S. (1982). Hardiness and health: A prospective study. In Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (Vol. 42, Issue 1, pp. 168–177). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.42.1.168
- Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. Springer Pub. Co.,.
- Maddi, S. R. (2008). The courage and strategies of hardiness as helpful in growing despite major, disruptive stresses. In American Psychologist (Vol. 63, Issue 6, pp. 563–564). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.63.6.563
- Maddi, S. R., Erwin, L. M., Carmody, C. L., Villarreal, B. J., White, M., & Gundersen, K. K. (2013). Relationship of hardiness, grit, and emotional intelligence to internet addiction, excessive consumer spending, and gambling. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 8(2), 128–134. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2012.758306
- Maddi, S. R., Harvey, R. H., Khoshaba, D. M., Fazel, M., & Resurreccion, N. (2009). Hardiness training facilitates performance in college. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 4(6), 566–577. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760903157133
- Mathiowetz, N. A. (1998). Respondent expressions of uncertainty: Data source for imputation. Public Opinion Quarterly, 62(1), 47–56. https://doi.org/10.1086/297830
- Rice, P. L. (1999). Stress and health. Brooks/Cole. https://www.worldcat.org/title/stress-and-health/oclc/300207991
- Seniati, L., Yulianto, A., & Setiadi, B. N. (2011). Psikologi eksperimen. PT. Indeks.
- Sjöström, O., & Holst, D. (2002). Validity of a questionnaire survey: Response patterns in different subgroups and the effect of social desirability. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 60(3), 136–140. https://doi.org/10.1080/000163502753740133
- Taylor, S. E. (2011). Health psychology. McGraw-Hill International edition.
References
Algoe, S. B., & Fredrickson, B. L. (2011). Emotional fitness and the movement of affective science from lab to field. American Psychologist, 66(1), 35–42. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0021720
Anshel, M. H., Umscheid, D., & Brinthaupt, T. M. (2013). Effect of a combined coping skills and wellness program on perceived stress and physical energy among police emergency dispatchers: An exploratory study. Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology, 28(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11896-012-9110-x
Bartone, P. T. (1995). A Short Hardiness Scale. Paper presented at The Third Annual Convention of The Association Psychological Society. Washington DC.
Brannon, L., Feist, J., & Updegraff, J. A. (2014). Health psychology: An introduction to behavior and health (Eighth). Wadsworth Cengage Learning. https://books.google.tg/books?id=uP8KWs0KHFwC&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr#v=onepage&q&f=false
Carver, C. S. (1997). You want to measure coping but your protocol’ too long: Consider the brief cope. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 4(1), 92. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327558ijbm0401_6
Cash, M. L., & Dianne, G. (2011). Cognitive hardiness, appraisal and coping: Comparing two transactional models. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 26(8), 646–664. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683941111181752
Funder, D. C. (1991). Global Traits: A neo-allportian approach to personality. Psychological Science, 2(1), 31–39. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.1991.tb00093.x
Furnham, A. (1986). Response bias, social desirability and dissimulation. Personality and Individual Differences, 7(3), 385–400. https://doi.org/10.1016/0191-8869(86)90014-0
Kobasa, S. C. (1982). Commitment and coping in stress resilience among lawyers. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 42(4).
Kobasa, S. C., Maddi, S. R., & Kahn, S. (1982). Hardiness and health: A prospective study. In Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (Vol. 42, Issue 1, pp. 168–177). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.42.1.168
Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. Springer Pub. Co.,.
Maddi, S. R. (2008). The courage and strategies of hardiness as helpful in growing despite major, disruptive stresses. In American Psychologist (Vol. 63, Issue 6, pp. 563–564). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.63.6.563
Maddi, S. R., Erwin, L. M., Carmody, C. L., Villarreal, B. J., White, M., & Gundersen, K. K. (2013). Relationship of hardiness, grit, and emotional intelligence to internet addiction, excessive consumer spending, and gambling. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 8(2), 128–134. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2012.758306
Maddi, S. R., Harvey, R. H., Khoshaba, D. M., Fazel, M., & Resurreccion, N. (2009). Hardiness training facilitates performance in college. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 4(6), 566–577. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760903157133
Mathiowetz, N. A. (1998). Respondent expressions of uncertainty: Data source for imputation. Public Opinion Quarterly, 62(1), 47–56. https://doi.org/10.1086/297830
Rice, P. L. (1999). Stress and health. Brooks/Cole. https://www.worldcat.org/title/stress-and-health/oclc/300207991
Seniati, L., Yulianto, A., & Setiadi, B. N. (2011). Psikologi eksperimen. PT. Indeks.
Sjöström, O., & Holst, D. (2002). Validity of a questionnaire survey: Response patterns in different subgroups and the effect of social desirability. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 60(3), 136–140. https://doi.org/10.1080/000163502753740133
Taylor, S. E. (2011). Health psychology. McGraw-Hill International edition.