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Abstract
The differences in emotional handling between male and female adolescents lead to differences in the way of thinking, feeling, and behaving. This experimental research used the Emotional Experience Writing (EXPRIT) model as an intervention for 15 orphans (8 male adolescents from the Tunas Melati Orphanage and 7 female adolescents from Tunas Harapan Orphanage in Pontianak City aged 12-18 years). There were rapport-building sessions at the start of the study as well as five intervention sessions. Qualitative data were collected by coding techniques on the subject's writing, and The Emotional Handling Scale was used to collect quantitative data. The data analysis is using paired t test. This study revealed differences in emotional handling abilities between the two groups of adolescents based on gender. The t test scores were higher than the t table in both orphanages. This result shows that the EXPRIT model as an intervention, affects the ability to deal with emotions for both genders in the form of different models of emotional control.
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References
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- Pennebaker, J. W., Kiecolt-Glaser, J., & Glaser, R. (1988). Disclosure of Traumas and Immune Function: Health Implications for Psychotherapy. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 56, 239–245.
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- Smyth, J. M., Stone, A. A., Hurewitz, A., & Kaell, A. (1999). Effects of Writing About Stressful Experiences on Symptom Reduction in Patients with Asthma or Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Randomized Trial. Journal of The American Medical Association, 281, 1304– 1309
References
Frattaroli, J. (2006). Experimental Disclosure and Its Moderators: A Meta-Analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 132, 823–865.
Haryanti, D., Pamela, E. M., & Susanti, Y. (2016). Perkembangan Mental Emosional Remaja di Panti Asuhan. Jurnal Keperawatan. 4(2). 97-104.
Hasnida. (2014). Analisis Kebutuhan Anak Usia Dini. Jakarta: Luxima.
Hude, M. D. (2006). Emosi: Penjelajahan Religio-Psikologis Tentang Emosi Manusia di dalam Al-Qur’an. Jakarta: Erlangga.
Hurlock, E. B. (2010). Psikologi Perkembangan: Suatu Pendekatan Sepanjang Rentang Kehidupan. Terjemahan. (edisi kelima). Jakarta: Erlangga.
Ikatan Dokter Anak Indonesia. (2010). Masalah Mental Emosional Remaja dalam Bunga Rampai Kesehatan Remaja. Badan Penerbit Ikatan Dokter Anak Indonesia: Jakarta, hal.62-75
Lepore, S. J., Fernanadez-Berrocal, P., Ragan, J., & Ramos, N. (2004). It’s Not That Bad: Social Challenges to Emotional Disclosure Enhance Adjustment to Stress. Anxiety, Stress & Coping: An International Journal, 17, 341–361.
Lewis, M., Jones, J, H., Barret, L, F., (2008) Handbook of Emotion Third Edition, New York: Published Guilford Press,
Mardiyanti, F. 2016. Upaya Peningkatan Kemampuan Pengendalian Emosi Lansia di UPT Panti Wredha Budhi Dharma Yogyakarta. Skripsi. Yogyakarta: Universitas Negeri Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta.
Matsumoto, D., Takeuchi, S., Andayani, S., Kouznetsova, N., dan Krupp, D. (1998). The Contribution of Individualism vs. Collectivism to Crossnational Differences in Display Rules, Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 1.
Nahrawi, A. (2020). Critical Review: Emotion: A Religio-Psychological Explanation of Human Emotions in The Qur’an from Darwis Hude. Psikis: Jurnal Psikologi Islami. 6(2), 208-218.
Pennebaker, J. W. (1997a). Opening Up: The Healing Power of Expressing Emotion. New York: Guilford.
Pennebaker, J. W. (1997b). Writing About Emotional Experiences as a Therapeutic Process. Psychological Science, 8, 162–166.
Pennebaker, J. W., & Beall, S. (1986). Confronting A Traumatic Event: Toward an Understanding of Inhibition and Disease. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 95, 274–281
Pennebaker, J. W., & Francis, M. E. (1996). Cognitive, Emotional, And Language Processes in Disclosure. Cognition & Emotion, 10(6), 601–626
Pennebaker, J. W., & Smyth, J. M. (2016). Opening up by writing it down: How expressive writing improves health and eases emotional pain. Guilford Publications.
Pennebaker, J. W., Colder, M., & Sharp, L. K. (1990). Accelerating The Coping Process. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 58(3), 528–537.
Pennebaker, J. W., Kiecolt-Glaser, J., & Glaser, R. (1988). Disclosure of Traumas and Immune Function: Health Implications for Psychotherapy. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 56, 239–245.
Pilgrim N. A, Blum R. W. (2012). Adolescent mental and physical health in the English-speaking Caribbean. Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2012;32(1):62–9.
Purnamarini, D. P. (2016). Pengaruh Terapi Expressive Writing Terhadap Penurunan Kecemasan Saat Ujian Sekolah (Studi Kuasi Eksperimen Terhadap Siswa Kelas XI di SMA Negeri 59 Jakarta). Bimbingan dan Konseling. 5(1). 36-42.
Riyadi. (2014). Risiko Masalah Perkembangan dan Mental Emosional Anak yang Diasuh di Panti Asuhan Dibandingkan dengan Diasuh Orangtua Kandung. Departemen Ilmu Kesehatan Anak Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Padjadjaran
Rosa, D. 2006. Strategi Mengajar Anak Mengendalikan Emosi Dalam Kegiatan Sosial TK. Tugas Akhir. Jurusan Pendidikan Guru Taman Kanak-kanak Fakultas Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Negeri Semarang
Seagal, J. D., & Pennebaker, J. W. (1999). Writing and Social Stigma: Benefits from Writing About Being a Group Member. Presented at The Annual Meeting of the Society of Behavioral Medicine Conference, San Diego.
Sindiro, L. F. (2016). Efektifitas Expressive Writing SEbagai Reduktor Psychological Distress. Skripsi. Universitas Sanata Dharma.
Smyth, J. M. (1998). Written Emotional Expression: Effect Sizes, Outcome Types, And Moderating Variables. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 66, 174–184.
Smyth, J. M., Stone, A. A., Hurewitz, A., & Kaell, A. (1999). Effects of Writing About Stressful Experiences on Symptom Reduction in Patients with Asthma or Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Randomized Trial. Journal of The American Medical Association, 281, 1304– 1309