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Abstract
War and propaganda become two inseparable aspects. When its occupation in Indonesia, Japan used various tool to influence and attract Indonesian’s attention. Mass media became the most accessible tool used by Japan to give the doctrines and propaganda, especially Djawa Baroe magazines. This paper aims to analyze how the Japanese use the media, especially Djawa Baroe magazine, produced in 1943 in Indonesia as a propaganda tool in doctrine and mobilize its dominated society through the discourse analysis approach. The research was conducted through three stages of analysis, in which the results of the analysis were analyzed profoundly through the view of critical discourse analysis. The result shows six-issues categories can be discussed from 250 articles in Djawa Baroe magazine. Japanese military powers; area security by Japan; education, training, and knowledge were given to society; Japan and “the older brother”; enemies; and, community testimony and response. As a result, propaganda, doctrine and the application of Japanese cultural influences can be seen in the style of language, the use of sentences and images displayed in the article. Doctrine given by the Japanese government includes various aspects such as threat and fear from the enemies and kindness and attention.
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References
- Benda, H. J. (1985). The crescent and the rising sun Indonesian Islam under the Japanese occupation, 1942-1945. Den Haag: W. Van Hoeve.
- Dewi, F. P., Setyanto, A., & Ambarastuti, R. D. (2015). Bentuk Propaganda Jepang di Bidang Sastra pada Majalah Djawa Baroe Semasa Kependudukan Jepang di Indonesia 1942-1945. JIA, 2(1), 47-59.
- Fellows, E. W. (1959). 'Propaganda:' History of a Word. American Speech, 34(3), 182-189.
- Fitzmaurice, K. (2018). Propaganda. Brock Education Journal, 27(2), 63-67.
- Herman, E. S., & Chomsky, N. (2008). Manufacturing Concent: The Political Economy of the Mass Media. London: The Bodley Head.
- Horner, E. (2005). Kamishibai as Propaganda in Wartime Japan. Storytelling, Self, Society, 2(1), 21-31.
- Kuntowijoyo. (2013). Pengantar Ilmu Sejarah. Yogyakarta: Tiara Wacana.
- Kurasawa, A. (1987). Propaganda Media on Java under The Japanese 1942-1945. Indonesia, 44, 59-116.
- Kurasawa, A. (2015). Kuasa Jepang di Jawa: Perubahan Sosial di Pedesaan 1942-1945. (H. Sulistyo, Penerj.) Depok: Komunitas Bambu.
- Lakomy, M. (2020). Between the "Camp of Falsehood" and the "Camp of Truth": Exploitation of Propaganda Devices in the "Dabiq" Online Magazine. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 1-26.
- Lieut.‐Colonel G. E. Wheeler C.I.E., C. (1961). Propaganda and counter‐propaganda in Asia. Journal of The Royal Central Asian Society, 48(3-4), 264-273.
- Mackie, V. (2003). Feminism in Modern Japan: Citizenship, Embodiment and Sexuality. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Mortensen, M. (2013). War. Dalam P. Simonson, J. Peck, R. T. Craig, & J. J. Jr (Penyunt.), The Handbook of Communication History (hal. 331-346). New York: Routledge.
- Newman, W. L. (2007). Basic of social research. Boston: Pearson Education.
- Nieuwenhof, F. (1984). Japanese Film Propaganda in World War II: Indonesia and Australia. Historical Journal Film, Radio and Television, 4(2), 161-177.
- Pfetsch, B. (2004). From political culture to political communications culture: A theoretical approach to comparative analysis. Dalam Comparing Political Communication: Theories, Cases, and Challenges (hal. 344-366). New York: Cambridge University Press.
- Philo, G. (2007). Can discourse analysis successfully explain the content of media and journalistic practice? Journalism Studies, 8(2), 175-196.
- Portal Resmi Provinsi DKI Jakarta. (2017, Januari 1). Djawa Baroe. Dipetik November 5, 2020, dari Portal Resmi Provinsi DKI Jakarta: https://jakarta.go.id/artikel/konten/1129/djawa-baroe
- Rao, Y. V. (1971). Propaganda Through the Printed Media in the Developing Country. The annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 93-103.
- Reeves, N. (1983). Film Propaganda and it's Audience: The Example of Britain's Official Films during the First World War. Journal of Contemporary History, 18, 463-494.
- Rose, G. (2001). Visual Methodologies. London: Sage.
- Seethaler, J. (2013). Politics. Dalam P. Simonson, J. Peck, R. T. Craig, & J. Jackson, Jr. (Penyunt.), The Handbook of Communication History (hal. 302-314).
- Simonson, P., Peck, J., Craig, R. T., & Jackson, Jr., J. P. (2013). The History of Communication History. Dalam P. Simonson, J. Peck, R. T. Craig, & J. P. Jackson, Jr (Penyunt.), The Handbook of Communication History (hal. 13-90). New York: Routledge.
- van Dijk, T. (1993). Principles of critical discourse analysis. London: SAGE Publication.
- Wahyono, S. B. (2018). Analisis Wacana Kritis Model Teun A. Van Dijk. Dalam W. Udasmoro (Penyunt.), Hamparan Wacana: Dari Praktik Ideologi, Media hingga Kritik Poskolonial (hal. 27-53). Yogyakarta: Penerbit Ombak.
- Whelan, B. (2017). American propaganda and Ireland during world war one: the work of the Committee on Public Information. Irish Studies Review, 1-29. doi:10.1080/09670882.2017.1286080
- Wilke, J. (2008). Propaganda. Dalam D. Wolfgang (Penyunt.), The International Encyclopedia of Communication (hal. 3915-3919). New Jersey: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
- Winter, C. (2020). Redefining 'Propaganda': The Media Strategy of the Islamic State. The RUSI Journal, 1-5. doi:10.1080/03071847.2020.1734321
- Wodak, R. (2001). What CDA is about - a summary of its history, important concepts and it's developments. Dalam R. Wodak, & M. Meyer (Penyunt.), Methods of Critical Discourse Analysis (hal. 1-13). London: SAGE Publication.
- Yoesoef, M. (2010). Drama di Masa Pendudukan Jepang (1942-1945): Sebuah Catatan tentang Manusia Indonesia di Zaman Perang. Makara, Sosial Humaniora, 14(1), 11-16.
References
Benda, H. J. (1985). The crescent and the rising sun Indonesian Islam under the Japanese occupation, 1942-1945. Den Haag: W. Van Hoeve.
Dewi, F. P., Setyanto, A., & Ambarastuti, R. D. (2015). Bentuk Propaganda Jepang di Bidang Sastra pada Majalah Djawa Baroe Semasa Kependudukan Jepang di Indonesia 1942-1945. JIA, 2(1), 47-59.
Fellows, E. W. (1959). 'Propaganda:' History of a Word. American Speech, 34(3), 182-189.
Fitzmaurice, K. (2018). Propaganda. Brock Education Journal, 27(2), 63-67.
Herman, E. S., & Chomsky, N. (2008). Manufacturing Concent: The Political Economy of the Mass Media. London: The Bodley Head.
Horner, E. (2005). Kamishibai as Propaganda in Wartime Japan. Storytelling, Self, Society, 2(1), 21-31.
Kuntowijoyo. (2013). Pengantar Ilmu Sejarah. Yogyakarta: Tiara Wacana.
Kurasawa, A. (1987). Propaganda Media on Java under The Japanese 1942-1945. Indonesia, 44, 59-116.
Kurasawa, A. (2015). Kuasa Jepang di Jawa: Perubahan Sosial di Pedesaan 1942-1945. (H. Sulistyo, Penerj.) Depok: Komunitas Bambu.
Lakomy, M. (2020). Between the "Camp of Falsehood" and the "Camp of Truth": Exploitation of Propaganda Devices in the "Dabiq" Online Magazine. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 1-26.
Lieut.‐Colonel G. E. Wheeler C.I.E., C. (1961). Propaganda and counter‐propaganda in Asia. Journal of The Royal Central Asian Society, 48(3-4), 264-273.
Mackie, V. (2003). Feminism in Modern Japan: Citizenship, Embodiment and Sexuality. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Mortensen, M. (2013). War. Dalam P. Simonson, J. Peck, R. T. Craig, & J. J. Jr (Penyunt.), The Handbook of Communication History (hal. 331-346). New York: Routledge.
Newman, W. L. (2007). Basic of social research. Boston: Pearson Education.
Nieuwenhof, F. (1984). Japanese Film Propaganda in World War II: Indonesia and Australia. Historical Journal Film, Radio and Television, 4(2), 161-177.
Pfetsch, B. (2004). From political culture to political communications culture: A theoretical approach to comparative analysis. Dalam Comparing Political Communication: Theories, Cases, and Challenges (hal. 344-366). New York: Cambridge University Press.
Philo, G. (2007). Can discourse analysis successfully explain the content of media and journalistic practice? Journalism Studies, 8(2), 175-196.
Portal Resmi Provinsi DKI Jakarta. (2017, Januari 1). Djawa Baroe. Dipetik November 5, 2020, dari Portal Resmi Provinsi DKI Jakarta: https://jakarta.go.id/artikel/konten/1129/djawa-baroe
Rao, Y. V. (1971). Propaganda Through the Printed Media in the Developing Country. The annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 93-103.
Reeves, N. (1983). Film Propaganda and it's Audience: The Example of Britain's Official Films during the First World War. Journal of Contemporary History, 18, 463-494.
Rose, G. (2001). Visual Methodologies. London: Sage.
Seethaler, J. (2013). Politics. Dalam P. Simonson, J. Peck, R. T. Craig, & J. Jackson, Jr. (Penyunt.), The Handbook of Communication History (hal. 302-314).
Simonson, P., Peck, J., Craig, R. T., & Jackson, Jr., J. P. (2013). The History of Communication History. Dalam P. Simonson, J. Peck, R. T. Craig, & J. P. Jackson, Jr (Penyunt.), The Handbook of Communication History (hal. 13-90). New York: Routledge.
van Dijk, T. (1993). Principles of critical discourse analysis. London: SAGE Publication.
Wahyono, S. B. (2018). Analisis Wacana Kritis Model Teun A. Van Dijk. Dalam W. Udasmoro (Penyunt.), Hamparan Wacana: Dari Praktik Ideologi, Media hingga Kritik Poskolonial (hal. 27-53). Yogyakarta: Penerbit Ombak.
Whelan, B. (2017). American propaganda and Ireland during world war one: the work of the Committee on Public Information. Irish Studies Review, 1-29. doi:10.1080/09670882.2017.1286080
Wilke, J. (2008). Propaganda. Dalam D. Wolfgang (Penyunt.), The International Encyclopedia of Communication (hal. 3915-3919). New Jersey: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
Winter, C. (2020). Redefining 'Propaganda': The Media Strategy of the Islamic State. The RUSI Journal, 1-5. doi:10.1080/03071847.2020.1734321
Wodak, R. (2001). What CDA is about - a summary of its history, important concepts and it's developments. Dalam R. Wodak, & M. Meyer (Penyunt.), Methods of Critical Discourse Analysis (hal. 1-13). London: SAGE Publication.
Yoesoef, M. (2010). Drama di Masa Pendudukan Jepang (1942-1945): Sebuah Catatan tentang Manusia Indonesia di Zaman Perang. Makara, Sosial Humaniora, 14(1), 11-16.