Article Sidebar

Submitted
March 17, 2022
Accepted
October 29, 2022
Published
October 31, 2022
Download
PDF
Statistic
Read Counter : 683 Download : 571

Main Article Content

Abstract

This study aimed to examine religion-based nationalism in popular American and Indonesian films. The subjects of this research were American and Indonesian films from 1915-2020. This research used a mixed qualitative and quantitative research with content analysis approach. The findings of this study indicated that the discourse of religious nationalism was constructed in popular American and Indonesian films to carry out the practice of inclusion and exclusion of certain groups. The results of the analysis showed that religious nationalism in American films was dominated by Christian nationalism, while religious nationalism in Indonesian films was dominated by discourses of Islamic nationalism. Both American and Indonesian films were against the ideology of communism, but American films were dominated by exclusive nationalism, while Indonesian films were mostly inclusive. American films also tended to show Islamophobia while Indonesian films positioned Islam more as a spirit of religious nationalism. This research has theoretical implications for increasing studies on nationalism which always appears and strengthens in films as a form of mass communication.

Keywords

discursive construction exclusion inclusion religious nationalism

Article Details

License

Copyright (c) 2022 Herman Felani

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:

  1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
  2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
  3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
Author Biography

Herman Felani, Program Studi Ilmu Komunikasi, Fakultas Psikologi dan Ilmu Sosial Budaya, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Program Studi Ilmu Komunikasi, Fakultas Psikologi dan Ilmu Sosial Budaya, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

How to Cite
Felani, H., & Rochani Adi, I. . (2022). Nasionalisme Religius dalam Film-Film Amerika dan Indonesia. Jurnal Komunikasi, 17(1), 97–116. https://doi.org/10.20885/komunikasi.vol17.iss1.art7
Download Citation
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)
BibTeX
Crossref
Scopus
Google Scholar
Europe PMC

References

  1. Allam, H. (2019). Politics Shape The Debate Over What To Call Far-Right Extremism. Diambil 1 Agustus 2022, dari NPR website: https://www.npr.org/2019/06/23/734850752/politics-shape-the-debate-over-what-to-call-far-right-extremism
  2. Amaya, H. (2018). White Nationalism and Publicness in the United States. Javnost - The Public, 25(4), 365–378. https://doi.org/10.1080/13183222.2018.1463348
  3. Billig, Michael. (2005). Banal Nationalism (P. Spencer & H. Wollman, Ed.). Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
  4. Bonikowski, B. (2019). Trump’s Populism: The Mobilization of Nationalist Cleavages and the Future of U.S. Democracy.”. In K. Weyland & R. Madrid (Ed.), When Democracy Trumps Populism: Lessons from Europe & Latin America (hal. 11–131). New York: Cambridge University Press.
  5. Bonikowski, B., & DiMaggio, P. (2016). Varieties of American Popular Nationalism. American Sociological Review, 81(5), 949–980. https://doi.org/10.1177/0003122416663683
  6. Brantner, C. (2019). The Patriotic Movie Your State is Obsessed with This Independence Day Mapped. Diambil 25 Juli 2022, dari Soda website: https://www.soda.com/news/patriotic-movie-map/
  7. Brubaker, R. (2015). Grounds for difference. Harvard University Press.
  8. Cheng, K. G., & Barker, T. (Ed.). (2011). Mau dibawa ke mana sinema kita?: beberapa wacana seputar film Indonesia. Jakarta: Salemba Humanika
  9. Corsi, J. R. (2011). Where’s the Birth Certificate?: The Case that Barack Obama is Not Eligible to be President. Wnd Books.
  10. Creswell, J.W. (2007). Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing Among Five Approaches. Sage Publications.
  11. Creswell, J.W. (2015). A Concise Introduction to Mixed Method Research. Sage Publications.
  12. Davis, K. C. (2010, September 30). America’s true history of religious tolerance. Smithsonian Magazine. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/americas-true-history-of-religious-tolerance-61312684/
  13. Elving, R. (2018). What Is A Nationalist In The Age of Trump? Diambil 14 Februari 2020, dari NPR website: https://www.npr.org/2018/10/24/660042653/what-is-a-nationalist-in-the-age-of-trump
  14. FilmIndonesia.or.id. (2022). Data penonton tahun 2010. http://filmindonesia.or.id/movie/viewer/2010#.Yw2k8exBy3I
  15. Fukuyama, F. (2018). Identity: The Demand for Dignity and the Politics of Resentment. New York: Farar, Straus, and Giroux Books.
  16. Goldberg, M. (2006). Kingdom Coming: The Rise of Christian Nationalism. New York: W.W. Norton & Company.
  17. Germain, F. (2014). A “New” Black Nationalism in the USA and France. Journal of African American Studies, 18(3), 286–304. Diambil dari https://www.jstor.org/stable/43525554
  18. Graziano, M. (2017). America’s “Peculiar Children”: Authority and Christian Nationalism at Antebellum West Point. Religions, 8(1), 6. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel8010006
  19. Grigoriadis, I. N. (2010). Friends No More? The Rise of Anti-American Nationalism in Turkey. The Middle East Journal, 64(1), 51–66. https://doi.org/10.3751/64.1.13
  20. Hirsh, M. (2016, Juni). Why the New Nationalists Are Taking Over. Politico, 1–8. Diambil dari https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2016/06/nationalism-donald-…boris-johnson-brexit-foreign-policy-xenophobia-isolationism-213995
  21. Holan, A. D. (2019). In Context: Donald Trump’s ‘very fine people on both sides’ remarks (transcript). Diambil 23 Agustus 2022, dari The Poynter Institute website: https://www.politifact.com/article/2019/apr/26/context-trumps-very-fine-people- both-sides-remarks/%0A
  22. Irawanto, B. (2020). Spectacularity of Nationalism. In G. C. Khoo, T. Barke, & M. J. Ainslie (Ed.), Southeast Asia on Screen (hal. 111–128). https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv15d805m.9
  23. Ishak, A., Junaedi, F., Budi, S., Prabowo, A. (Ed.). (2011). Mix Methodology dalam Penelitian Komunikasi. Mata Padi Pressindo
  24. Jensen, T. (2015). Trump Supporters Think Obama is a Muslim Born in Another Country. Diambil dari www.publicpolicypolling.com
  25. Kilpatrick, C., Spence, L. K., Featherstone, L., & Young, E. (2016). Trump and The Rise of The Nationalist: Examining How Trump Won the US Presidency (S. Ehmsen & A. Scharenberg, Ed.). Diambil dari www.rosalux-nyc.org
  26. Kolstø, P. (2016). The ethnification of Russian nationalism. In P. Kolstø & H. Blakkisrud (Ed.), The New Russian Nationalism Book. https://doi.org/10.3366/j.ctt1bh2kk5.8
  27. Krippendorf, K. H. (2013). Content Analysis: An Introduction to Its Methodology. SAGE.
  28. Lienesch, M. (1983). The role of political millennialism in early American nationalism. Western Political Quarterly, 36(3), 445–465. https://doi.org/10.1177/106591298303600310
  29. Lieven, A. (2004). America Right or Wrong: An Anatomy of American Nationalism. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  30. McAuliffe, T. (2019). Beyond Charlottesville. New York: St. Martin’s Press.
  31. Menchik, J. (2014). Productive intolerance: Godly nationalism in Indonesia. Comparative Studies in Society and History, 56(3), 591–621. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0010417514000267
  32. Mendoza, A. (2011). “For Our Own Best Interests”: Nineteenth-Century Laredo Tejanos, Military Service, and the Development of American Nationalism. The Southwestern Historical Quarterly, 115(2), 125–152. Diambil dari https://www.jstor.org/stable/23059197
  33. News, B. (2019, November 13). Europe and right-wing nationalism: A country-by-country guide. BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-36130006
  34. Postel-Vinay, K. (2017). How neo-nationalism went global. Diambil 14 Agustus 2022, dari The Conversation website: https://theconversation.com/how-neo-nationalism-went-global-74095
  35. Preston, A. (2012). Sword of the Spirit, Shield of Faith: Religion in American War and Diplomacy. New York: Alfred A Knopf, Inc.
  36. Rose, G. (2016). Visual methodologies: An introduction to researching with visual materials. SAGE.
  37. Sandstrom, A. (2021, January 20). Biden is only the second Catholic president, but nearly all have been Christians. Pew Research Center. https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2021/01/20/biden-only-second-catholic-president-but-nearly-all-have-been-christians-2/
  38. Sugiarto, Y. (2021, March 15). Tantangan Intoleransi & Kebebasan Sipil Serta Modal Kerja Pada Periode Kedua Pemerintahan Jokowi. LSI WEBSITE. https://www.lsi.or.id/post/tantangan-intoleransi-kebebasan-sipil-serta-modal-kerja-pada-periode-kedua-pemerintahan-jokowi
  39. Tamir, Y. (2019). Not so civic: Is there a difference between ethnic and civic nationalism? Annual Review of Political Science, 22(1), 419–434. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-polisci-022018-024059
  40. Trautsch, J. M. (2016). The origins and nature of American nationalism. National Identities, 18(3), 289–312. https://doi.org/10.1080/14608944.2015.1027761
  41. Turek, L. (2016). Ambassadors for the Kingdom of God or for America? Christian Nationalism, the Christian Right, and the Contra War. Religions, 7(12), 151. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel7120151
  42. Vickers, A. (2013). A History of Modern Indonesia (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  43. Welsing, F. C. (1991). The Isis (Yssis) Papers: The Keys to the Colors. Chicago: Third World Press.
  44. Whitehead, A. L., Perry, S. L., & Baker, J. O. (2018). Make America Christian Again: Christian Nationalism and Voting for Donald Trump in the 2016 Presidential Election. Sociology of Religion, 79(2), 147–171. https://doi.org/10.1093/socrel/srx070