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Abstract
Background: World Health Organization (WHO) declared that non-communicable diseases
still become the main health problem by including it in goal 3.4 in sustainable development
goals and also a major cause of mortality worldwide. Based on prevalence, mortality in non
communicable diseases is dominated by cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and
chronic lung disease. Although non-communicable diseases have complex mechanisms and
signalling pathways, the role of endoplasmic reticulum stress has been known for its association
with abnormal metabolism in non-communicable diseases. This narrative review aims to
investigate targeting therapy in non-communicable diseases based on the endoplasmic
reticulum stress pathway.
Method: The literature search was carried out through several electronic databases (PubMed
and Google Scholar), using keywords “endoplasmic reticulum stress”, “non-communicable
disease”, “therapy”, “drugs”. Full English text publication between 2010 to 2021 was selected
for identification.
Result: The endoplasmic reticulum stress occurs due to adaptive and defensive response to lack
of oxygen (hypoxia), hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia, hyperthermia, starvation, calcium
imbalance, the redox milieu, and also the imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants. Those
conditions can impact protein folding in endoplasmic reticulum stress cause accumulation of
unfolded and/or misfolded protein that leads to activation of unfolded protein response (UPR).
A number of studies in non-communicable diseases such as diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular
disease, and cancer showing that some compounds can ameliorate endoplasmic reticulum stress
by targeting the pathway.
Conclusion: Targeting therapy in the endoplasmic reticulum pathway can be a novel strategy
for the treatment of non-communicable diseases.
Keywords: Endoplasmic reticulum stress, non-communicable disease, therapy.
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