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Abstract
Dinasti Al-Murabithun dan Al-Muwahhidun merupakan dua dinasti yang menguasai wilayah Maghreb di Afrika Utara pada abad 11-13 Masehi. Kedua dinasti tersebut berperan penting dalam menjaga kekuasaan Islam dari serangan kerajaan-kerajaan Kristen di Semenanjung Iberia setelah keruntuhan Kekhalifahan Kordoba pada awal abad kesebelas Masehi. Akan tetapi, meskipun peran kedua dinasti tersebut besar bagi peradaban Islam, masih belum banyak kajian sejarah yang membahas dan membandingkan kedua dinasti tersebut secara mendalam. Oleh sebab itu, dibutuhkan sebuah kajian yang lebih dalam untuk mengetahui secara pasti apa saja persamaan dan perbedaan di antara kedua dinasti tersebut serta perannya bagi peradaban Islam. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan studi literatur dengan menganalisis buku dan jurnal yang relevan mengenai perkembangan Dinasti Al-Murabithun dan Al-Muwahhidun. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kedua dinasti tersebut memiliki sejarah pendirian yang mirip, yaitu berawal dari sebuah gerakan keagamaan yang lama-kelamaan berkembang menjadi sebuah kekuatan militer. Kemudian, kekuatan militer tersebut menguasai wilayah Maghreb dan juga wilayah Andalusia. Selain itu, kedua dinasti ini juga didirikan oleh beberapa suku dari bangsa Berber yang bersatu menjadi sebuah konfederasi yang akhirnya melahirkan sebuah dinasti yang dikuasai oleh orang-orang Berber. Namun, faktor dan proses kemunduran kedua dinasti ini cukup berbeda. Jika Al-Murabithun hancur dengan cepat karena kemunculan gerakan keagamaan dan serangan militer yang besar maka Al-Muwahhidun hancur secara perlahan karena pemberontakan suku-suku dan wilayah-wilayah yang berada di dalam kekuasaannya.
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References
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References
Bennison AK. The edinburgh history of the islamic empires series. Edinburgh University Press; 2016.
Ajayi JFA, Crowder M. History of West Africa. Columbia University Press; 1976.
Holl AFC. West African Early Towns: Archaeology of Households in Urban Landscapes [Internet]. University of Michigan Press; 2006 [dikutip 29 Januari 2025]. Tersedia pada: https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.3998/mpub.11395074
Karim MA. Sejarah Pemikiran dan Peradaban Islam [Internet]. Pustaka Book; 2012 [dikutip 29 Januari 2026]. Tersedia pada: //opac.uinsuna.ac.id%2Findex.php%3Fp%3Dshow_detail%26id%3D13610%26keywords%3D
P Fuji R. Dinasti-dinasti kecil di Afrika (Murabithun dan Muwahhidun). J Ilm Abdi Ilmu. 2020 June;13(1):68-76. Available from: https://jurnal.pancabudi.ac.id/index.php/abdiilmu/article/view/892.
Rollman WJ. The Almoravids and the meanings of Jihad. J North Afr Stud. 27 Mei 2014;19(3):455–8.
Chisholm H. Encyclopædia britannica. 11 ed. Vol. 1. Cambridge University Press; 1911.
Kennedy H. Muslim Spain and Portugal: a political history of al-Andalus. London: Routledge; 2014. 342 hlm.
Khemir S. Al-Andalus: The Art of Islamic Spain - The Metropolitan Museum of Art [Internet]. The Metropolitan Museum of Art; 1992 [dikutip 29 Januari 2025]. Tersedia pada: https://www.metmuseum.org/met-publications/al-andalus-the-art-of-islamic-spain
Julien CA. History of north africa tunisia algeria morocco from the arab conquest to 1830 [Internet]. New York: Praeger Publishers; 1970 [dikutip 29 Januari 2026]. Tersedia pada: https://dokumen.live/look-up/B2F4EC/441295/5003173-history-of-north-africa-tunisia-algeria-morocco-from-the-arab-conquest-to-1830
Brill EJ. The Encyclopedia of Islam. Liden; 1960.
Ali SA. A Short History of the Saracens. Abingdon: Routledge; 2010.