Main Article Content
Abstract
Indonesia is a tropical country which has many potential plants as excipients, like
starches and tubers. Amylum of taro tuber (Colocasia esculenta) has the potential to be developed into excipient but its use is limited. The purpose of this study was to optimize the formulation and to evaluate the characteristics of captopril tablets by using amylum of taro tuber and HPMC modified as filler and binder on direct compression method. Amylum of taro tuber was obtained by extraction process, then combined with HPMC by partial pregelatination and co-process method. Variation of the starch was divided into five formulation. The main test included friability test, hardness test, dissolution test, and assay. The data analysis was done by theoretical approach between the evaluation result and the literature to observe the result of the modification formulation. It indicated that the combination of equal amount of taro amylum and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) pH 102 (50% : 50%) has the best result among others. Friability percentage was 0.17 ± 0.07%, disintegration time was 12.09 ± 0.52 minutes, assay was 97.88 ± 1.71% and dissolution test results was 90.65 ± 4.81%.
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References
- Aho, J., Halme, A., Boetker, J., Water, J. J., Bohr, A., Sandler, N., Rantanen, J. dan Baldursdottir, S., 2017, The effect of HPMC and MC as pore formers on the rheology of the implant microenvironment and the drug release in vitro, Carbohydrate Polymers, 177, 433–442.
- Anonim, 2014, Farmakope Indonesia edisi V, Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, Jakarta.
- Anonim, 2016, The United States Pharmacopeia 39-The National Formulary 34.
- Awaluddin, R., Prasetya, A. W., Nugraha, Y., Suweleh, M. F., Kusuma, A. P. dan Indrati, O., 2017, Physical modification and characterization of starch using pregelatinization and co-process of various tubers from Yogyakarta as an excipient, AIP Conference Proceedings, 1823.
- Bejugam, N. K., Mutyam, S. K. dan Shankar, G. N., 2015, Tablet formulation of an active pharmaceutical ingredient with a sticking and filming problem: direct compression and dry granulation evaluations, Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 41, 333–341.
- Caccavo, D., Lamberti, G., Barba, A. A., Abrahmsén-Alami, S., Viridén, A. dan Larsson, A., 2017, Effects of HPMC substituent pattern on water up-take, polymer and drug release: An experimental and modelling study, International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 528, 705–713.
- Edge, S., Steele, D. F., Chen, A., Tobyn, M. J. dan Staniforth, J. N., 2000, The mechanical properties of compacts of microcrystalline cellulose and silicified microcrystalline cellulose, International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 200, 67–72.
- Hazarika, B. J. dan Sit, N., 2016, Effect of dual modification with hydroxypropylation and cross-linking on physicochemical properties of taro starch, Carbohydrate Polymers, 140, 269–278.
- Järvinen, M., Paaso, J., Paavola, M., Leiviskä, K., Juuti, M., Muzzio, F. dan Järvinen, K., 2013, Continuous direct tablet compression: effects of impeller rotation rate, total feed rate and drug content on the tablet properties and drug release., Drug development and industrial pharmacy, 39, 1802–8.
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- Ketterhagen, W. R., 2015, Simulation of powder flow in a lab-scale tablet press feed frame: Effects of design and operating parameters on measures of tablet quality, Powder Technology, 275, 361–374.
- Krok, A., Vitorino, N., Zhang, J., Frade, J. R. dan Wu, C. Y., 2017, Thermal properties of compacted pharmaceutical excipients, International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 534, 119–127.
- Kusuma, A. P., Fudholi, A. dan Nugroho, A. K., 2014, Optimization Direct Compression’s Co - Processed Excipient Microcrystalline Cellulose PH 102 and Povidone ® K 30, IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences, 9, 65–69.
- Kusuma, A. P., Syukri, Y., Sholehuddin, R. F., Fazzri, A. N., Romdhonah dan Hakim, R. B. F., 2017, Optimization of microcrystalline cellulose PH 101, Lactose, and Kollidon® K 30 to obtain co-processed excipient through spray drying, International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology, 7, 83–88.
- Larsson, M., Johnsson, A., Gårdebjer, S., Bordes, R. dan Larsson, A., 2017, Swelling and mass transport properties of nanocellulose-HPMC composite films, Materials and Design, 122, 414–421.
- Lawal, M. V., Odeniyi, M. A. dan Itiola, O. A., 2015, Effect of thermal and chemical modifications on the mechanical and release properties of paracetamol tablet formulations containing corn, cassava and sweet potato starches as filler-binders, Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 5, 585–590.
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- Nguyen, T. H., Morton, D. A. V dan Hapgood, K. P., 2013, Application of the unified compaction curve to link wet granulation and tablet compaction behaviour, Powder Technology, 240, 103–115.
- Nnamani, N. D. dan Okonkwo, T. J. N., 2017, Optimization of metronidazole tablet formulation using Manihot utilissima starch and a combination of processing techniques, Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3, 65–70.
- Ortega-Toro, R., Jiménez, A., Talens, P. dan Chiralt, A., 2014, Properties of starch-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose based films obtained by compression molding, Carbohydrate Polymers, 109, 155–165.
- Radojevic, J. dan Zavaliangos, A., 2017, On the Post-Compaction Evolution of Tensile Strength of Sodium Chloride-Starch Mixture Tablets, Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 106, 2088–2096.
- Saifullah, M., Yusof, Y. A., Chin, N. L. dan Aziz, M. G., 2016, Physicochemical and flow properties of fruit powder and their effect on the dissolution of fast dissolving fruit powder tablets, Powder Technology, 301, 396–404.
- SaurÃ, J., Millán, D., Suñé-Negre, J. M., Pérez-Lozano, P., Sarrate, R., Fà bregas, A., Carrillo, C., Miñarro, M., Ticó, J. R. dan GarcÃa-Montoya, E., 2014, The use of the SeDeM diagram expert system for the formulation of Captopril SR matrix tablets by direct compression, International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 461, 38–45.
- Versino, F. dan GarcÃa, M. A., 2014, Cassava (Manihot esculenta) starch films reinforced with natural fibrous filler, Industrial Crops and Products, 58, 305–314.
- Zhang, B., Li, X., Xie, Q., Tao, H., Wang, W. dan Chen, H. Q., 2017, Preparation and characterization of non-crystalline granular starch and corresponding carboxymethyl starch, International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 103, 656–662.
References
Aho, J., Halme, A., Boetker, J., Water, J. J., Bohr, A., Sandler, N., Rantanen, J. dan Baldursdottir, S., 2017, The effect of HPMC and MC as pore formers on the rheology of the implant microenvironment and the drug release in vitro, Carbohydrate Polymers, 177, 433–442.
Anonim, 2014, Farmakope Indonesia edisi V, Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, Jakarta.
Anonim, 2016, The United States Pharmacopeia 39-The National Formulary 34.
Awaluddin, R., Prasetya, A. W., Nugraha, Y., Suweleh, M. F., Kusuma, A. P. dan Indrati, O., 2017, Physical modification and characterization of starch using pregelatinization and co-process of various tubers from Yogyakarta as an excipient, AIP Conference Proceedings, 1823.
Bejugam, N. K., Mutyam, S. K. dan Shankar, G. N., 2015, Tablet formulation of an active pharmaceutical ingredient with a sticking and filming problem: direct compression and dry granulation evaluations, Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 41, 333–341.
Caccavo, D., Lamberti, G., Barba, A. A., Abrahmsén-Alami, S., Viridén, A. dan Larsson, A., 2017, Effects of HPMC substituent pattern on water up-take, polymer and drug release: An experimental and modelling study, International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 528, 705–713.
Edge, S., Steele, D. F., Chen, A., Tobyn, M. J. dan Staniforth, J. N., 2000, The mechanical properties of compacts of microcrystalline cellulose and silicified microcrystalline cellulose, International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 200, 67–72.
Hazarika, B. J. dan Sit, N., 2016, Effect of dual modification with hydroxypropylation and cross-linking on physicochemical properties of taro starch, Carbohydrate Polymers, 140, 269–278.
Järvinen, M., Paaso, J., Paavola, M., Leiviskä, K., Juuti, M., Muzzio, F. dan Järvinen, K., 2013, Continuous direct tablet compression: effects of impeller rotation rate, total feed rate and drug content on the tablet properties and drug release., Drug development and industrial pharmacy, 39, 1802–8.
Kaya, A., Tatlisu, M. A., Kaplan Kaya, T., Yildirimturk, O., Gungor, B., Karatas, B., Yazici, S., Keskin, M., Avsar, S. dan Murat, A., 2016, Sublingual vs. Oral Captopril in Hypertensive Crisis, Journal of Emergency Medicine, 50, 108–115.
Ketterhagen, W. R., 2015, Simulation of powder flow in a lab-scale tablet press feed frame: Effects of design and operating parameters on measures of tablet quality, Powder Technology, 275, 361–374.
Krok, A., Vitorino, N., Zhang, J., Frade, J. R. dan Wu, C. Y., 2017, Thermal properties of compacted pharmaceutical excipients, International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 534, 119–127.
Kusuma, A. P., Fudholi, A. dan Nugroho, A. K., 2014, Optimization Direct Compression’s Co - Processed Excipient Microcrystalline Cellulose PH 102 and Povidone ® K 30, IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences, 9, 65–69.
Kusuma, A. P., Syukri, Y., Sholehuddin, R. F., Fazzri, A. N., Romdhonah dan Hakim, R. B. F., 2017, Optimization of microcrystalline cellulose PH 101, Lactose, and Kollidon® K 30 to obtain co-processed excipient through spray drying, International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology, 7, 83–88.
Larsson, M., Johnsson, A., Gårdebjer, S., Bordes, R. dan Larsson, A., 2017, Swelling and mass transport properties of nanocellulose-HPMC composite films, Materials and Design, 122, 414–421.
Lawal, M. V., Odeniyi, M. A. dan Itiola, O. A., 2015, Effect of thermal and chemical modifications on the mechanical and release properties of paracetamol tablet formulations containing corn, cassava and sweet potato starches as filler-binders, Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 5, 585–590.
Meeus, L., 2011, Direct compression versus granulation, Pharmaceutical Technology Europe, 23, 21.
Nguyen, T. H., Morton, D. A. V dan Hapgood, K. P., 2013, Application of the unified compaction curve to link wet granulation and tablet compaction behaviour, Powder Technology, 240, 103–115.
Nnamani, N. D. dan Okonkwo, T. J. N., 2017, Optimization of metronidazole tablet formulation using Manihot utilissima starch and a combination of processing techniques, Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3, 65–70.
Ortega-Toro, R., Jiménez, A., Talens, P. dan Chiralt, A., 2014, Properties of starch-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose based films obtained by compression molding, Carbohydrate Polymers, 109, 155–165.
Radojevic, J. dan Zavaliangos, A., 2017, On the Post-Compaction Evolution of Tensile Strength of Sodium Chloride-Starch Mixture Tablets, Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 106, 2088–2096.
Saifullah, M., Yusof, Y. A., Chin, N. L. dan Aziz, M. G., 2016, Physicochemical and flow properties of fruit powder and their effect on the dissolution of fast dissolving fruit powder tablets, Powder Technology, 301, 396–404.
SaurÃ, J., Millán, D., Suñé-Negre, J. M., Pérez-Lozano, P., Sarrate, R., Fà bregas, A., Carrillo, C., Miñarro, M., Ticó, J. R. dan GarcÃa-Montoya, E., 2014, The use of the SeDeM diagram expert system for the formulation of Captopril SR matrix tablets by direct compression, International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 461, 38–45.
Versino, F. dan GarcÃa, M. A., 2014, Cassava (Manihot esculenta) starch films reinforced with natural fibrous filler, Industrial Crops and Products, 58, 305–314.
Zhang, B., Li, X., Xie, Q., Tao, H., Wang, W. dan Chen, H. Q., 2017, Preparation and characterization of non-crystalline granular starch and corresponding carboxymethyl starch, International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 103, 656–662.