Main Article Content
Abstract
This study aims to analyze the comparison of environmental dispute resolution in the State Administrative Court (PTUN) of Indonesia and its Thailand equivalent. This is a normative legal research, using statutory and comparative approaches. The results of the study are presented in an analytical descriptive form. The results of the study conclude that first, the equatlisation for the settlement of environmental disputes in the Indonesian PTUN and the ones in Thailand is based on the General Administrative Court Procedure Law as regulated in the laws governing the PTUN of each country, but technical guidelines for resolving environmental disputes in the PTUN are issued by the respective Supreme Courts of each country. Second, the first difference is that the Thai Administrative Court provides special arrangements related to compensation issues which include costs for health problems, costs for damage to natural resources, loss of identity and community arts and culture. Meanwhile, the PTUN Indonesia provides very limited compensation and prioritizes the claim for the validity of the object of dispute. The second difference is that the handling of environmental problems in the Thai Administrative Court examines the substance and facts related to the environment more deeply, so that a real picture of environmental problems is obtained in the field. An in-depth study of the substance, facts, environmental problems in the field is taken into consideration by the judge in making a decision, even though administratively there are no problems. Meanwhile, the dispute resolution in the Indonesian PTUN is administrative and procedural in nature.
Key Words: Environmental dispute; state administrative court; environment
Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perbandingan penyelesaian sengketa lingkungan di Pengadilan Tata Usaha Negara (PTUN) Indonesia dan Thailand. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif, dengan menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan komparasi. Hasil penelitian disajikan dalam bentuk deskriptif analitis. Hasil Penelitian menyimpulkan, pertama, persamaan penyelesaian sengketa lingkungan di PTUN Indonesia maupun Thailand berdasarkan Hukum Acara PTUN pada umumnya seperti yang diatur dalam Undang-Undang yang mengatur mengenai PTUN masing-masing negara, namun pedoman teknis penyelesaian sengketa lingkungan di PTUN diterbitkan oleh Mahkamah Agung masing-masing. Kedua, perbedaan pertama adalah bahwa di PTUN Thailand memberikan pengaturan khusus terkait dengan masalah ganti rugi yang mencakup biaya gangguan kesehatan, biaya kerusakan sumber daya alam, hilang identitas dan seni budaya masyarakat. Sedangkan PTUN Indonesia memberikan ganti rugi yang sangat terbatas dan lebih mengutamakan mengenai tuntutan keabsahan obyek sengketa. Perbedaan kedua adalah penanganan masalah lingkungan di Pengadilan Administrasi Thailand memeriksa substansi dan fakta-fakta yang berkaitan dengan lingkungan lebih mendalam, sehingga diperoleh gambaran permasalahan lingkungan secara nyata di lapangan. Kajian yang mendalam tentang substansi, fakta-fakta, permasalahan lingkungan di lapangan dijadikan pertimbangan hakim dalam memutus, meskipun secara administrasi tidak ada masalah. Sedangkan penyelesaian sengketa di PTUN Indonesia bersifat administratif dan formal prosedural.
Kata Kunci: Sengketa lingkungan; peradilan tata usaha negara; lingkungan hidup
Keywords
Article Details
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References
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References
Amarini, Indriati, Keaktifan Hakim Dan Peradilan Administrasi, Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto Press, Purwokerto, 2017.
Fajar, Mukti dan Yulianto Achmad, Dualisme Penelitian Hukum-Normatif & Empiris, Pustaka Pelajar, Yogyakarta, 2010.
HR., Ridwan, Hukum Administrasi Negara, Edisi Revisi, Raja Grafindo Persada, Jakarta, 2011.
Harjiyatni, Francisca Romana, Peradilan Tata Usaha Negara, Cetakan Pertama, Kepel Press, Yogyakarta, 2017.
Marbun, SF., Peradilan Administrasi Negara Dan Upaya Administratif Di Indonesia, Cetakan Ketiga (Revisi), FH UII Press, 2011.
Puspitasari, Mutiara Ayu, Ratio Decidendi Hakim Pengadilan Tata Usaha Negara Dalam Memutus Sengketa Tata Usaha Negara Tentang Lingkungan Hidup Berkaitan Dengan Penerapan Asas Dominus Litis (Analisis Putusan Nomor 062/G/Lh/2016/Ptun.Smg), Jurnal Hukum, Fakultas Hukum Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang.
Simanjuntak, Enrico, Hukum Acara Peradilan Tata Usaha Negara-Transformasi dan Refleksi, Cetakan Pertama, Sinar Grafika, Jakarta, 2018.
Aprina Chintya, “Judicial Activism dalam Putusan Hakim”, http://www.pa-purwodadi.go.id/index.php/26-halaman-depan/artikel/357-judicial-activism-dalam-putusan-hakim, diakses 14 Oktober 2020.
Commission, The Law, 2008, “Administrative Redress: Public Bodies And The Citizen”, Consultation Paper No 187.
Cour administrative suprême de Thaïlande Supreme Administrative Court of Thailand, “The Administrative Judge and Environmental Law” by the Administrative Court of Thailand Report to the 11th Congress of IASAJ Cartagena, Colombia, April 2013, National Report of Thailand.
Fadli Zaini Dalimunthe, “Comparison Of Evidence Between State Administrative Court Indonesia With South Korea”, Jurnal Hukum dan Peradilan, Vol. 9, no. 2 (2020).
Handri Wirastuti Sawitri, dan Rahadi Wasi Bintoro, Sengketa Lingkungan Dan Penyelesaiannya, Jurnal Dinamika Hukum, Vol. 10 No. 2 Mei 2010.
Lexis Nexis, “Reserved Judgment”, https://www.lexisnexis.co.uk/ legal/guidance/reserved-judgments, diakses 2 Juli 2021.
M.L. Friedland, “Prospective and Retrospective Judicial Law Making”, The University of Toronto Law Journal, Vol. 24, No. 2 (Spring, 1974), pp. 170-190.
Muhammad Amin Hamid, “Penegakan Hukum Pidana Lingkungan Hidup Dalam Menanggulangi Kerugian Negara”, Legal Pluralism, Volume 6 Nomor 1, Januari 2016.
Pan Mohamad Faiz, “Judicial Restraint vs Judicial Activism”, dalam Kolom Opini Majalah Konstitusi No. 130, Desember 2017.
Ryan Crowley, “Tort Claims (for Personal Injury) under Thai Law – An Overview”, https://www.thailandlawoffice.com/legal-articles/315, diakses 30 Juni 2021.
Srunyoo Potiratchatangkoon, (President of a Chamber of the Phitsanulok Administrative Court), “Mediation in the Administrative Court of Thailand: Experiences and Current Situation”, https://admincourt.go.th/admincourt/upload/webcmsen/Publication/Publication_211019_104035.pdf, diakses 1 Juli 2021
The Administrative Court of Thailand, “Getting to know the Administrative Court of Thailand”, http://www.admincourt.go.th/admincourt/site/?lang=en& page=03brief, diakses tanggal 20 Agustus 2019
Tubagus Muhammad Nasarudin, “Asas Dan Norma Hukum Administrasi Negara Dalam Pembuatan Instrumen Pemerintahan”, Novelty, Vol.7 No. 2 Agustus 2016.
Umar Dani, “PTUN dan Kebenaran Formal-Suatu Tinjauan Terhadap Penyelesaian Sengketa Pertanahan di Indonesia”, www.ptun.palembang.go.id, diakses 9 September 2019.
Act on Establishment of Administrative Courts and Administrative Court Procedure B.E. 2542 1999.
Recommendation of the President of the Supreme Administrative Court on Administrative Court Procedure Relating to Environmental Issues
Rule of The General Assembly of Judges of The Supreme Administrative Court On Administrative Court Procedure, B.E. 2543 2000.
Keputusan Mahkamah Agung (KMA) No. 036/KMA/SK/II/ 2013 tentang Pemberlakuan Pedoman Penanganan Perkara Lingkungan Hidup.
Keputusan Mahkamah Agung (KMA) RI No. 026/KMA/SK/II/2013 tentang Sistem Seleksi dan Pengangkatan Hakim Lingkungan Hidup.