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Abstract
Indonesia specifically addresses the refugee issues in Presidential Regulation No. 125 of 2016 on the Handling of Foreign Refugees. The handling of refugee status in Indonesia is handed over to UNHCR considering that Indonesia is not a party to the 1951 Refugee Convention or the 1967 Protocol. Besides Indonesia, Australia and Thailand are also not parties to the convention. Therefore it is important to see a comparative study of policies between countries. This study also aims to find out whether Presidential Decree No. 125 of 2016 can resolve the problem of refugees in Indonesia and what is the policy comparison between Indonesia, Australia and Thailand. The research method used is normative legal research with a statutory approach. The results of the study concluded that Presidential Decree No. 125 of 2016 has adequately accommodated arrangements for overseas refugees, but there are still several provisions that have multiple interpretations, such as arrangements regarding "foreigners", Rudenim arrangements, and the principle of "local integration" that has not been regulated. The implementation in Australia is firmer compared to Thailand and Indonesia. Australia itself emphasizes forced repatriation if it is detected as threatening the country's sovereignty. Meanwhile, Thailand provides access to foreign refugees to submit applications so they can live and settle.
Key Words: Presidential decree 125 Year 2016, Refugees, 1951 Convention, 1967 Protocol
Abstrak
Indonesia secara khusus mengatur masalah pengungsi dalam Peraturan Presiden No. 125 Tahun 2016 tentang Penanganan Pengungsi Luar Negeri. Penanganan status pengungsi di Indonesia diserahkan kepada UNHCR mengingat Indonesia bukan negara pihak Konvensi Pengungsi 1951 atau Protokol 1967. Selain Indonesia, Australia dan Thailand juga bukan negara pihak konvensi. Oleh karena itu penting untuk melihat studi perbandingan kebijakan antar negara. Penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah Perpres No. 125 Tahun 2016 dapat menyelesaikan masalah pengungsi di Indonesia dan bagaimana perbandingan kebijakan antara Indonesia, Australia dan Thailand. Adapun metode penelitian yang digunakan, yaitu penelian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa Perpres No. 125 Tahun 2016, telah cukup mengakomodasi pengaturan pengungsi luar negeri, akan tetapi masih terdapat beberapa ketentuan yang multitafsir, seperti pengaturan tentang “orang asing”, pengaturan Rundenim, dan belum diaturnya mengenai prinsip “integrasi lokal”. Adapun implementasi di negara Australia lebih tegas dibandingkan dengan Thailand dan Indonesia. Asutralia sendiri menegaskan pemulangan paksa jika terdeteksi mengancam kedaulatan negara. Sedangkan Thailand memberikan akses kepada pengungsi luar negeri untuk mengajukan permohonan agar dapat tinggal dan menetap.
Kata-kata Kunci: Perpres 125 Tahun 2016; Pengungsi; Konvensi 1951; Protokol 1967
Keywords
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References
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- P Wibowo, A Zamzamy, “Failed State And Threats To Human Security”, International Journal of Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences, volume 1, issue 4, 2015.
- Catherine Phuong, “Identifying States Responsibilities Towards Refugees and Asylum Seekers”, Esil Research Forum Geneva, May 2005, International Law: Contemporary Problems, 2005.
- Muhammad Indra, “Perspektif Penegakan Hukum dalam Hukum Keimigrasian Indonesia” Jakarta: Direktorat Jenderal Imigrasi, 2015.
- Yudha, M.C.W, “Rohingya antara Solidaritas ASEAN dan Kemanusiaan” Masyarakat ASEAN, Vol 8 Juni, 2015
- “UNHCR di Indonesia”, https://www.unhcr.org/id/unhcr-di-indonesia, Diakses 16 Juni 2021
- “WNA Asal Afganistan Minta Di Pulangkan Setelah 2 Tahun Tinggal di Pekanbaru”, http://pekanbaru.tribunnews.com/2019/02/19/wna-asal-afganistan-minta-dipulangkan-setelah-2-tahun-tinggal-di-pekanbaru. Diakses Kamis 16 Juni 2021.
- Undang-Undang No. 6 Tahun 2011 tentang Keimigrasian
- Peraturan Presiden Republik Indonesia No. 125 Tahun 2016 tentang Penanganan Pengungsi Dari Luar Negeri
- Convention Relating to the Status of Refugess, 1951
- Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugess, 1967
- Section 4 Imigratin Act B.E. 2522
- Statuta UNHCR
- Universal Declaration Of Human Rights 1948, Proclaimed By United Nations General Assembly Resolution No. 217 A, 10 December 1948
References
Asshiddiqie, Jimly, Pengantar Ilmu Hukum Tata Negara, Konstitusi Press, Jakarta, 2006.
Gyngell, Allan dan Wesley, Michael, Making Australian Foreign Policy, Second Edition, Cambridge University Press, New York, 2007.
Soutphommasane, Tim. A more ethical and realistic conversation: the Australian debate about asylum seekers and refugees, St James Ethics Centre, Sydney, 2014.
Wagiman, Hukum Pengungsi Internasional, Sinar Grafika, Jakarta, 2012.
Afriandi, dan Yusnarida Eka Nizmi, “Kepentingan Indonesia Belum Meratifikasi Konvensi 1951 Dan Protokol 1967 Mengenai Pengungsi Internasional Dan Pencari Suaka, Transnasional”, Jurnal Ilmu Hubungan Internasional, Vol. 5 No. 2 Tahun 2014.
Ardianti, “Kebijakan Australia Dalam Menangani Imigran Ilegal Dibawah Kepemimpinan Perdana Mentri Tonny Abbott Tahun 2013”, Jurnal Jom Fisip, Vol. 2, No. 2, Oktober 2015.
Fitria, “Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Pengungsi di Negara Ketiga: Praktik Indonesia”, Padjadjaran Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, Volume 2 Nomor 1 Tahun 2015.
John Minns, Kieran Bradley, Fabricio H Chagas-Bastos, “Australia’s Refugee Policy: Not a Model for the World”, Journal International Studies, Volume 55 Issue 1, January 2018.
L. Hock, “Are the Malaysian Students "Unskilled" and "Unaware?”, “Journal of Advanced Research in Social Sciences and Humanities”, volume 2, issue 1, 2017.
M. O’Doherty dan M. Augoustinos, “Protecting the Nation: Nationalist Rhetoric onAsylum Seekers and the Tampa”, Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology, Volume 18, No. 3, 2008.
Muhammad Fauzan Alamari, “Imigran Dan Masalah Integrasi Sosial”, Jurnal Dinamika Global, Vol. 5 No. 2, Desember 2020.
Muhammad, Simela Victor, “Masalah Pengungsi Rohingya, Indonesia, dan ASEAN” Jurnal Info singkat Hubungan Internasional, Vol. VII No. 101/II/P3DI, 2015.
Matt McDonald, “Deliberation and resecuritization: Autralia Asylum-Seekers and The Normative Limits of The Copenhagen School”, Australian Journal of Political Science, Vol. 4, No. 2, June, 2011.
P Wibowo, A Zamzamy, “Failed State And Threats To Human Security”, International Journal of Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences, volume 1, issue 4, 2015.
Catherine Phuong, “Identifying States Responsibilities Towards Refugees and Asylum Seekers”, Esil Research Forum Geneva, May 2005, International Law: Contemporary Problems, 2005.
Muhammad Indra, “Perspektif Penegakan Hukum dalam Hukum Keimigrasian Indonesia” Jakarta: Direktorat Jenderal Imigrasi, 2015.
Yudha, M.C.W, “Rohingya antara Solidaritas ASEAN dan Kemanusiaan” Masyarakat ASEAN, Vol 8 Juni, 2015
“UNHCR di Indonesia”, https://www.unhcr.org/id/unhcr-di-indonesia, Diakses 16 Juni 2021
“WNA Asal Afganistan Minta Di Pulangkan Setelah 2 Tahun Tinggal di Pekanbaru”, http://pekanbaru.tribunnews.com/2019/02/19/wna-asal-afganistan-minta-dipulangkan-setelah-2-tahun-tinggal-di-pekanbaru. Diakses Kamis 16 Juni 2021.
Undang-Undang No. 6 Tahun 2011 tentang Keimigrasian
Peraturan Presiden Republik Indonesia No. 125 Tahun 2016 tentang Penanganan Pengungsi Dari Luar Negeri
Convention Relating to the Status of Refugess, 1951
Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugess, 1967
Section 4 Imigratin Act B.E. 2522
Statuta UNHCR
Universal Declaration Of Human Rights 1948, Proclaimed By United Nations General Assembly Resolution No. 217 A, 10 December 1948