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Abstract
The purpose of this study is to present a normative analysis of the labeling of food products in Indonesia and the relationship between information disclosure on food labels and the implementation of consumer protection. This research uses normative juridical methods. The results conclude that first, the current global food issue is the danger of consuming food ingredients that contain allergens. The United States, Singapore and Japan have required the inclusion of allergen information in the labeling of food products in their respective National Laws. This is a lesson for Indonesia to require the inclusion of allergen information in the National Law. Therefore, a limited revision of Article 97 paragraph 3 of the Food Law is needed to include the obligation to include warnings for allergen content on food labels. Second, many food products do not display information in accordance with reality and its original content, which is detrimental to consumers. Consumer protection in food regulation through food labeling departs from the State's efforts to safeguard the rights and interests of these consumers so that they are not harmed by profit-oriented producers by way of processing and distributing fair and healthy food products based on the principle of information disclosure.
Keywords: Disclosure of Information; Food Labels; Consumer Protection
Abstrak
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah analisis normatif terhadap labelisasi produk pangan di Indonesia dan hubungan antara keterbukaan informasi pada label pangan terhadap implementasi perlindungan konsumen. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif. Hasil dari penelitian ini menyimpulkan, pertama, isu pangan global saat ini adalah bahaya konsumsi bahan pangan yang mengandung alergen. Amerika Serikat, Singapura, dan Jepang telah mewajibkan pencatuman keterangan alergen dalam pelabelan produk pangan dalam Undang-Undang Nasional masing-masing, ini menjadi pelajaran bagi Indonesia untuk mewajibkan pencatuman keterangan alergen dalam Undang-Undang Nasional. Maka diperlukan revisi terbatas atas Pasal 97 ayat (3) UU Pangan untuk memasukan kewajiban pencantuman peringatan kandungan alergen dalam label pangan. Kedua, banyak produk pangan yang tidak menampilkan informasi sesuai dengan kenyataan dan kandungan aslinya sehingga merugikan konsumen. Perlindungan konsumen dalam pengaturan pangan melalui label pangan berangkat dari upaya negara untuk menjaga hak-hak dan kepentingan konsumen tersebut agar tidak dirugikan oleh produsen yang berorientasi profit dengan cara pengusahaan dan pengedaran produk pangan yang adil dan sehat berdasarkan asas keterbukaan informasi.
Kata-kata Kunci: Keterbukaan Informasi; Label Pangan; Perlindungan Konsumen
Keywords
Article Details
References
Fajar, Mukti, and Ahmad Yulianto. Dualisme Penelitian Hukum Normative dan Empiris. Cet. Ke 4., Pustaka Pelajar, Yogyakarta, 2017.
A. Kapała, and P. Lattanzi, “Mandatory Food Information in Case of Short Food Supply Chains and Local Food Systems in EU and US Legislation: A Comparative Study.” Przegląd Prawa Rolnego 1, No. 28 (2021): 217–236. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.14746/Ppr.2021.28.1.12.
A. Riwanto, and S. W. Gumbira, “Politik Hukum Penguatan Fungsi Negara Untuk Kesejahteraan Rakyat (Studi Tentang Konsep dan Praktik Negara Kesejahteraan Menurut UUD 1945).” Jurnal Hukum dan Peradilan 6, No. 3 (2017): 337–60.
Cahya Purnama Asri, Bhenu Artha, and Bahri Bahri. “Problematika Consumer Protection dalam Kegiatan Usaha.” Widya Pranata Hukum 4, No. 1 (2022): 124–39. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.37631/Widyapranata.V4i1.545.
Desi Indah Sari, “Perlindungan Hukum atas Label Halal Produk Pangan Menurut Undang-Undang.” Repertorium 7, No. 1 (2018): 1–14. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.28946/Rpt.V7i1.264.
Edy Nurcahyo, “Pengaturan dan Pengawasan Produk Pangan Olahan Kemasan.” Jurnal Magister Hukum Udayana (Udayana Master Law Journal) 7, No. 3 (2018): 402–17. https://doi.org/10.24843/Jmhu.2018.V07.I03.P010.
Eriyanto Yusnawan, C P Marquis, and N A Lee, “Isu Global Keamanan Pangan Kacang Tanah Ii: Protein Ara H Sebagai Alergen,” Buletin Palawija, No. 26 (2013): 72–82.
Holijah, “Keadilan Bagi Konsumen: Membedah Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 8 Tahun 1999.” Jurnal Nurani 15, No. 1 (2015): 1–26.
I Wayan Gede Asmara, I Nyoman Sujana, and Ni Made Puspasutari. “Perlindungan Hukum terhadap Hak Konsumen atas Informasi Produk Import.” Jurnal Analogi Hukum 1, No. 1 (2019): 120–24. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.22225/Ah.1.1.2019.120-124.
Ib. Gede Agustya Mahaputra, Warka Made, Endang Prasetyawati, And Ni Luh Made Mahendrawati, “Consumer Protection Law for Advertising Damage Based on The Value of Justice in Indonesia.” International Journal Of Multidisciplinary Research And Analysis 4, No. 9 (2021): 1230–35. https://doi.org/doi:10.47191/Ijmra/V4-I9-06, Impact Factor: 6.072.
I Kadek Renown Pranatha, and I Wayan Novy Purwanto. “Tanggung Jawab Pelaku Usaha terhadap Kosmetik yang Tidak Mencantumkan Label Bahasa Indonesia Pada Kemasan Produk.” Kertha Negara 7, No. 9 (2019): 1–13.
Laudia Nieto, Alejandra Jáuregui, Alejandra Contreras-Manzano, Edna Arillo-Santillan, Simón Barquera, Christine M. White, David Hammond, and James F. Thrashe, “Understanding and Use of Food Labeling Systems Among Whites and Latinos in Theunited States and Among Mexicans.” International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity 16, No. 37 (2019): 1–12. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/S12966-019-0842-1.
Masahiro Shoji, Reiko Adachi, and Hiroshi Akiyama, “Japanese Food Allergen Labeling Regulation : An Update,” Journal of Aoac International 10, No. 1 (2018): 8–13.
Mohamed Farid, Kota Kodama, Teruyo Arato, and Takashi Okazaki, “Comparative Study of Functional Food Regulations in Japan and Globally.” Global Journal of Health Science 11, No. 6 (2019): 132–45. https://doi.org/10.5539/Gjhs.V11n6p132.
Muhammad Patra Anjaya, Ria Delta, and Tian Terina. “Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Konsumen Akibat Mengkonsumsi Produk Pangan yang Tidak Sehat Aman dan Halal.” Viva Themis: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 2, No. 1 (2019): 59–70. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.24967/Vt.V2i1.771.
Nicholas J. Osborne, Jennifer J. Koplin, Pamela E. Martin, Lyle C. Gurrin, Adrian J. Lowe, Melanie C. Matheson, Anne Louise Ponsonby, Et Al. “Prevalence of Challenge-Proven Ige-Mediated Food Allergy Using Population-Based Sampling and Predetermined Challenge Criteria in Infants.” Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 127, No. 3 (2011): 668-676.E2. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.Jaci.2011.01.039.
Novrizal, Rahmat Irwan, Marzuki, and Mirza Nasution. “Pancasila sebagai Staatsfundamentalnorm Indonesia dalam Pembentukan Hukum Nasional.” Jurnal Ilmiah Metadata 3, No. 2 (2021): 541–58. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.47652/Metadata.V3i2.
Rani Apriani, “Perlindungan Konsumen terhadap Informasi Komposisi Kandungan yang Tercantum Pada Kemasan Pangan di Karawang.” Jurnal De Jure 11, No. 1 (2019): 38–52.
Retno Sari Dewi, “Perlindungan Konsumen Di Era Pandemi Virus Corona.” Yustitiabelen 6, No. 1 (2020): 38–47. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.36563/Yustitiabelen.V6i1.223.
Rifqi Suprapto, and Zaky Wahyuddin Azizi, “Pengaruh Kemasan, Label Halal, Label Izin P-IRT terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Konsumen UMKM Kerupuk Ikan,” Jurnal Rekomen (Riset Ekonomi Manajemen) 3, No. 2 (2020): 125–33. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.31002/Rn.V3i2.1984.
Sakina Shaik, Ahmad Yusoff, Suzanna Mohamed Isa, and Nazura Abdul Manap. “Trader ’ S Liability for False, Misleading and Deceptive Food Labeling Under The Malaysian.” International Journal of Business and Society 19, No. 3 (2018): 457–71.
Wahyu Simon Tampubolon, “Peranan dan Tanggung Jawab Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan (BPOM) Terkait Kasus Albothyl Menurut Undang Undang Perlindungan Konsumen,” Jurnal Ilmiah Advokasi 6, No. 1 (2018): 69–78. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.36987/Jiad.V6i1.266.
Widiatama, Widiatama, Hadi Mahmud, and Suparwi Suparwi, “Ideologi Pancasila Sebagai Dasar Membangun Negara Hukum Indonesia,” Usm Law Review 3, No. 2 (2020): 310–27. https://doi.org/doi:10.26623/Julr.V3i2.2774.
Z. Tay, C. Whitton, R. Van Dam, K. Chia, B. Swinburn, S. Vandevijvere, and S. Rebello. “Identifying Implementation Gaps and Priorities for The Singapore Government to Improve Food Environment Policies: Perspectives From A Local Expert Panel,” Public Health Nutrition 24, No. 4 (2021): 585–92. https://doi.org/doi:10.1017/S1368980020003468.
Aulia Safety Imron, “Tingkat Pengetahuan Masyarakat Alergi Telur dan Upaya Penanganannya di Klinik Imron Medika.” Prodi Kedokteran, Fakultas Kedokteran, Surakarta, 2017.
Suguru Sato, “Japan An Overview of The Food Labeling Standard,” 2017.
Databoks, “No Title,” 2021. https://databoks.katadata.co.id/.
Deti Mega Purnamasari, “Sidak Supermarket Di Kelapa Gading, BPOM DKI Jakarta Temukan Produk Kemasan Rusak dan Kedaluwarsa,” 2022. https://megapolitan.kompas.com/Read/2022/04/23/16122231/Sidak-Supermarket-Di-Kelapa-Gading-Bpom-Dki-Jakarta-Temukan-Produk.
Faisal Javier, “Berapa Konsumsi dan Impor Gandum Indonesia Selama Ini?” Tempo.Co, 2022. https://data.tempo.co/Data/1487/Harga-Mi-Instan-Terancam-Naik-Berapa-Konsumsi-Dan-Impor-Gandum-Indonesia-Selama-Ini.
Imron Arlado, “Imron Arlado,” 2019. https://radarmojokerto.jawapos.com/Berita-Daerah/Mojokerto/27/12/2019/Beredar-Makanan-Dengan-Pewarna-Tekstil/.
Moh. Bahri, “Ratusan Produk Makanan di Bondowoso Ditemukan Kedaluwarsa,” 2022. https://www.Timesindonesia.Co.Id/Read/News/406421/Ratusan-Produk-Makanan-Di-Bondowoso-Ditemukan-Kedaluwarsa.
Sandra Desi Caesaria, “Pakar UM Surabaya Sebut 6 Zat Berbahaya Ini Banyak Di Makanan Kemasan,” 2022. https://Edukasi.Kompas.Com/Read/2022/04/01/140114771/Pakar-Um-Surabaya-Sebut-6-Zat-Berbahaya-Ini-Banyak-Di-Makanan-Kemasan?Page=All.
“Pencantuman Label Alergen Dalam Produk Pangan,” 2019. https://Www.Foodreview.Co.Id/Blog-5669857-Pencantuman-Label-Alergen-Dalam-Produk-Pangan.html.
References
Fajar, Mukti, and Ahmad Yulianto. Dualisme Penelitian Hukum Normative dan Empiris. Cet. Ke 4., Pustaka Pelajar, Yogyakarta, 2017.
A. Kapała, and P. Lattanzi, “Mandatory Food Information in Case of Short Food Supply Chains and Local Food Systems in EU and US Legislation: A Comparative Study.” Przegląd Prawa Rolnego 1, No. 28 (2021): 217–236. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.14746/Ppr.2021.28.1.12.
A. Riwanto, and S. W. Gumbira, “Politik Hukum Penguatan Fungsi Negara Untuk Kesejahteraan Rakyat (Studi Tentang Konsep dan Praktik Negara Kesejahteraan Menurut UUD 1945).” Jurnal Hukum dan Peradilan 6, No. 3 (2017): 337–60.
Cahya Purnama Asri, Bhenu Artha, and Bahri Bahri. “Problematika Consumer Protection dalam Kegiatan Usaha.” Widya Pranata Hukum 4, No. 1 (2022): 124–39. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.37631/Widyapranata.V4i1.545.
Desi Indah Sari, “Perlindungan Hukum atas Label Halal Produk Pangan Menurut Undang-Undang.” Repertorium 7, No. 1 (2018): 1–14. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.28946/Rpt.V7i1.264.
Edy Nurcahyo, “Pengaturan dan Pengawasan Produk Pangan Olahan Kemasan.” Jurnal Magister Hukum Udayana (Udayana Master Law Journal) 7, No. 3 (2018): 402–17. https://doi.org/10.24843/Jmhu.2018.V07.I03.P010.
Eriyanto Yusnawan, C P Marquis, and N A Lee, “Isu Global Keamanan Pangan Kacang Tanah Ii: Protein Ara H Sebagai Alergen,” Buletin Palawija, No. 26 (2013): 72–82.
Holijah, “Keadilan Bagi Konsumen: Membedah Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 8 Tahun 1999.” Jurnal Nurani 15, No. 1 (2015): 1–26.
I Wayan Gede Asmara, I Nyoman Sujana, and Ni Made Puspasutari. “Perlindungan Hukum terhadap Hak Konsumen atas Informasi Produk Import.” Jurnal Analogi Hukum 1, No. 1 (2019): 120–24. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.22225/Ah.1.1.2019.120-124.
Ib. Gede Agustya Mahaputra, Warka Made, Endang Prasetyawati, And Ni Luh Made Mahendrawati, “Consumer Protection Law for Advertising Damage Based on The Value of Justice in Indonesia.” International Journal Of Multidisciplinary Research And Analysis 4, No. 9 (2021): 1230–35. https://doi.org/doi:10.47191/Ijmra/V4-I9-06, Impact Factor: 6.072.
I Kadek Renown Pranatha, and I Wayan Novy Purwanto. “Tanggung Jawab Pelaku Usaha terhadap Kosmetik yang Tidak Mencantumkan Label Bahasa Indonesia Pada Kemasan Produk.” Kertha Negara 7, No. 9 (2019): 1–13.
Laudia Nieto, Alejandra Jáuregui, Alejandra Contreras-Manzano, Edna Arillo-Santillan, Simón Barquera, Christine M. White, David Hammond, and James F. Thrashe, “Understanding and Use of Food Labeling Systems Among Whites and Latinos in Theunited States and Among Mexicans.” International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity 16, No. 37 (2019): 1–12. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/S12966-019-0842-1.
Masahiro Shoji, Reiko Adachi, and Hiroshi Akiyama, “Japanese Food Allergen Labeling Regulation : An Update,” Journal of Aoac International 10, No. 1 (2018): 8–13.
Mohamed Farid, Kota Kodama, Teruyo Arato, and Takashi Okazaki, “Comparative Study of Functional Food Regulations in Japan and Globally.” Global Journal of Health Science 11, No. 6 (2019): 132–45. https://doi.org/10.5539/Gjhs.V11n6p132.
Muhammad Patra Anjaya, Ria Delta, and Tian Terina. “Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Konsumen Akibat Mengkonsumsi Produk Pangan yang Tidak Sehat Aman dan Halal.” Viva Themis: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 2, No. 1 (2019): 59–70. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.24967/Vt.V2i1.771.
Nicholas J. Osborne, Jennifer J. Koplin, Pamela E. Martin, Lyle C. Gurrin, Adrian J. Lowe, Melanie C. Matheson, Anne Louise Ponsonby, Et Al. “Prevalence of Challenge-Proven Ige-Mediated Food Allergy Using Population-Based Sampling and Predetermined Challenge Criteria in Infants.” Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 127, No. 3 (2011): 668-676.E2. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.Jaci.2011.01.039.
Novrizal, Rahmat Irwan, Marzuki, and Mirza Nasution. “Pancasila sebagai Staatsfundamentalnorm Indonesia dalam Pembentukan Hukum Nasional.” Jurnal Ilmiah Metadata 3, No. 2 (2021): 541–58. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.47652/Metadata.V3i2.
Rani Apriani, “Perlindungan Konsumen terhadap Informasi Komposisi Kandungan yang Tercantum Pada Kemasan Pangan di Karawang.” Jurnal De Jure 11, No. 1 (2019): 38–52.
Retno Sari Dewi, “Perlindungan Konsumen Di Era Pandemi Virus Corona.” Yustitiabelen 6, No. 1 (2020): 38–47. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.36563/Yustitiabelen.V6i1.223.
Rifqi Suprapto, and Zaky Wahyuddin Azizi, “Pengaruh Kemasan, Label Halal, Label Izin P-IRT terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Konsumen UMKM Kerupuk Ikan,” Jurnal Rekomen (Riset Ekonomi Manajemen) 3, No. 2 (2020): 125–33. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.31002/Rn.V3i2.1984.
Sakina Shaik, Ahmad Yusoff, Suzanna Mohamed Isa, and Nazura Abdul Manap. “Trader ’ S Liability for False, Misleading and Deceptive Food Labeling Under The Malaysian.” International Journal of Business and Society 19, No. 3 (2018): 457–71.
Wahyu Simon Tampubolon, “Peranan dan Tanggung Jawab Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan (BPOM) Terkait Kasus Albothyl Menurut Undang Undang Perlindungan Konsumen,” Jurnal Ilmiah Advokasi 6, No. 1 (2018): 69–78. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.36987/Jiad.V6i1.266.
Widiatama, Widiatama, Hadi Mahmud, and Suparwi Suparwi, “Ideologi Pancasila Sebagai Dasar Membangun Negara Hukum Indonesia,” Usm Law Review 3, No. 2 (2020): 310–27. https://doi.org/doi:10.26623/Julr.V3i2.2774.
Z. Tay, C. Whitton, R. Van Dam, K. Chia, B. Swinburn, S. Vandevijvere, and S. Rebello. “Identifying Implementation Gaps and Priorities for The Singapore Government to Improve Food Environment Policies: Perspectives From A Local Expert Panel,” Public Health Nutrition 24, No. 4 (2021): 585–92. https://doi.org/doi:10.1017/S1368980020003468.
Aulia Safety Imron, “Tingkat Pengetahuan Masyarakat Alergi Telur dan Upaya Penanganannya di Klinik Imron Medika.” Prodi Kedokteran, Fakultas Kedokteran, Surakarta, 2017.
Suguru Sato, “Japan An Overview of The Food Labeling Standard,” 2017.
Databoks, “No Title,” 2021. https://databoks.katadata.co.id/.
Deti Mega Purnamasari, “Sidak Supermarket Di Kelapa Gading, BPOM DKI Jakarta Temukan Produk Kemasan Rusak dan Kedaluwarsa,” 2022. https://megapolitan.kompas.com/Read/2022/04/23/16122231/Sidak-Supermarket-Di-Kelapa-Gading-Bpom-Dki-Jakarta-Temukan-Produk.
Faisal Javier, “Berapa Konsumsi dan Impor Gandum Indonesia Selama Ini?” Tempo.Co, 2022. https://data.tempo.co/Data/1487/Harga-Mi-Instan-Terancam-Naik-Berapa-Konsumsi-Dan-Impor-Gandum-Indonesia-Selama-Ini.
Imron Arlado, “Imron Arlado,” 2019. https://radarmojokerto.jawapos.com/Berita-Daerah/Mojokerto/27/12/2019/Beredar-Makanan-Dengan-Pewarna-Tekstil/.
Moh. Bahri, “Ratusan Produk Makanan di Bondowoso Ditemukan Kedaluwarsa,” 2022. https://www.Timesindonesia.Co.Id/Read/News/406421/Ratusan-Produk-Makanan-Di-Bondowoso-Ditemukan-Kedaluwarsa.
Sandra Desi Caesaria, “Pakar UM Surabaya Sebut 6 Zat Berbahaya Ini Banyak Di Makanan Kemasan,” 2022. https://Edukasi.Kompas.Com/Read/2022/04/01/140114771/Pakar-Um-Surabaya-Sebut-6-Zat-Berbahaya-Ini-Banyak-Di-Makanan-Kemasan?Page=All.
“Pencantuman Label Alergen Dalam Produk Pangan,” 2019. https://Www.Foodreview.Co.Id/Blog-5669857-Pencantuman-Label-Alergen-Dalam-Produk-Pangan.html.