Main Article Content
Abstract
The enactment of Law Number 6 of 2023 on the Determination of Government Regulations in Lieu of Law Number 2 of 2022 (Perppu No. 2 of 2022) on Job Creation into Law (also known as Law No. 6 of 2023) has brought forward a number of pros and cons. The government argues that Perppu No. 2 of 2022, which was later amended into Law No. 6 of 2023, bears the urgency to be issued in order to guarantee legal certainty after Law Number 11 of 2020 on Job Creation was declared conditionally unconstitutional by the Constitutional Court. Meanwhile, the civil society movement and labor unions firmly reject Perppu No. 2 of 2022 and Law No. 6 of 2023. The labor union argues that the employment cluster in Law No. 6 of 2023 continues the problems as found in Law No. 11 of 2020 which led to the uncertainty of job. This article examines the basis of philosophical rationality and the validity of the arguments for legal certainty narrated by the Government, in the making of Perppu No. 2 of 2022 and Law No. 6 of 2023. This argument was then compared with the narratives and rationales for the uncertainty of job that were put forward by the labor unions, especially on the PKWT and outsourcing issues. The research was carried out in a normative juridical manner by examining the substance of Law No. 6 of 2023 and related laws and regulations. The results of this study indicate that in general, the employment cluster in Law No. 6 of 2023 does not bring legal certainty and actually perpetuates the uncertainty of job. Instead of providing legal certainty, the lack of synchronization with the implementing regulations of Law No. 11 of 2020 which remain in effect, as well as the emergence of additional articles related to wages, could actually provide additional legal uncertainty after the enactment of Law No. 6 of 2023.
Keywords: Job Creation, Omnibus Law, Uncertainty of Job, Workers' Rights.
Abstrak
Diundangkannya Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2023 tentang Penetapan Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2022 tentang Cipta Kerja menjadi Undang-Undang (UU 6/2023) mengundang banyak pro dan kontra. Pemerintah berargumen bahwa Perppu 2/2022 yang selanjutnya disahkan menjadi UU 6/2023 mendesak untuk dikeluarkan untuk menjamin kepastian hukum pasca Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2020 tentang Cipta Kerja dinyatakan inkonstitusional bersyarat oleh Mahkamah Konstitusi. Sedangkan, gerakan masyarakat sipil dan serikat buruh dengan tegas menolak Perppu 2/2022 maupun UU 6/2023. Serikat buruh berargumen bahwa kluster ketenagakerjaan dalam UU 6/2023 melanjutkan permasalahan UU 11/2020 yang membawa ketidakpastian kerja. Artikel ini menguji dasar rasionalitas filosofis dan kesahihan argumentasi kepastian hukum yang dinarasikan oleh Pemerintah, dalam pembuatan Perppu 2/2022 dan UU 6/2023. Argumentasi ini kemudian dibandingkan dengan narasi dan argumentasi ketidakpastian kerja yang digaungkan oleh serikat pekerja, utamanya dalam isu PKWT dan alih daya. Penelitian dilakukan secara yuridis normatif dengan mengkaji substansi dari UU 6/2023 dan peraturan perundang-undangan terkait. Hasil dari kajian ini menunjukkan bahwa secara umum, klaster ketenagakerjaan dalam UU 6/2023 tidak membawa kepastian hukum dan justru melanggengkan ketidakpastian kerja. Alih-alih memberikan kepastian hukum, ketidaksinkronan dengan peraturan pelaksana UU 11/2020 yang tetap berlaku, serta munculnya pasal tambahan terkait pengupahan, justru dapat memberikan ketidakpastian hukum tambahan pasca berlakunya UU 6/2023.
Kata Kunci: Cipta Kerja, Hak Pekerja, Ketidakpastian Kerja, Omnibus Law.
Keywords
Article Details
Copyright (c) 2024 Nabiyla Risfa Izzati
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References
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Berg, Janine. Labour Markets, Institutions and Inequality: Building Just Societies in the 21st Century. Labour Markets, Institutions and Inequality. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2015. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781784712105.
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Gadjian. “Perbandingan UMP Jakarta 2022 dan Lima Tahun Terakhir.” Gadjian, November 22, 2023. https://www.gadjian.com/blog/2021/11/25/ump-jakarta-2022-lima-tahun-terakhir/.
Greenhalgh, Leonard, and Zehava Rosenblatt. “Evolution of Research on Job Insecurity.” International Studies of Management & Organization 40, no. 1 (2010): 6–19.
Habibi, Muhtar. “Gerakan Buruh Pasca Soeharto: Politik Jalanan di Tengah Himpitan Pasar Kerja Fleksibel.” Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Dan Ilmu Politik 16, no. 3 (2013): 200–216.
Izzati, Nabiyla Risfa. “Deregulation in Job Creation Law: The Future of Indonesian Labor Law.” Padjadjaran Jurnal Ilmu Hukum (Journal of Law), 2022. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.22304/pjih.v9n2.a1.
———. “Indonesia Country Study 2021,” 2022. https://api.fairwear.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Indonesia-Country-Study-2021.pdf.
Jumisih. “Jalan Menuju Pemilu 5: Polemik Perppu Cipta Kerja dan Respon Kelas Pekerja.” Indonesia: Indo Progress, January 6, 2023.
Karunia, Ade Miranti, and Erlangga Djumena. “Sebut Banyak Hoaks Soal Perppu Cipta Kerja, Kemenaker: Akibat tak Memahami Secara Utuh.” Kompas.com, January 6, 2023. https://money.kompas.com/read/2023/01/06/183800826/sebut-banyak-hoaks-soal-perppu-cipta-kerja-kemenaker--akibat-tak-memahami.
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Mochtar, Zainal Arifin, and Idul Rishan. “Autocratic Legalism: The Making of Indonesian Omnibus Law.” Yustisia 11, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 29–41. https://doi.org/10.20961/yustisia.v11i1.59296.
Pangastuti, Triyan. “Airlangga Sebut Perppu Cipta Kerja Cegah Badai PHK Berlanjut.” Berita Satu, January 9, 2023. https://www.beritasatu.com/ekonomi/1016335/airlangga-sebut-perppu-cipta-kerja-cegah-badai-phk-berlanjut.
Purnama, Iqbal Dwi. “Terkait Upah Minimum 2022, APINDO Resmi Gugat Kepgub DKI 1617/2021.” IDX Channel, January 16, 2022. https://www.idxchannel.com/economics/terkait-upah-minimum-2022-apindo-resmi-gugat-kepgub-dki-15172021.
Putra, Han Revanda. “Said Iqbal Sebut PHK Jadi Mudah Dengan UU Cipta Kerja: Bisa Lewat WhatsApp.” Tempo.co, July 30, 2024. https://bisnis.tempo.co/read/1897350/said-iqbal-sebut-phk-jadi-mudah-dengan-uu-cipta-kerja-bisa-lewat-whatsapp.
Putri, Budiarti Utami. “Aliansi: UU Cipta Kerja Patriarkis dan Memiskinkan Buruh Perempuan.” Tempo.co, October 19, 2020. https://nasional.tempo.co/read/1397426/aliansi-uu-cipta-kerja-patriarkis-dan-memiskinkan-buruh-perempuan.
Qamar, Nurul, Muhammad Syarif, Dachran S Busthami, M Kamal Hidjaz, Aan Aswari, Hardianto Djanggih, and Farah Syah Rezah. Metode Penelitian Hukum (Legal Research Methods). CV. Social Politic Genius (SIGn), 2017.
Radbruch, Gustav. “Statutory Lawlessness and Supra-Statutory Law (1946).” Oxford Journal of Legal Studies 26, no. 1 (2006): 1–11.
Riyanto, Sigit, Maria S W Sumardjono, E O S Sulistiowati, Ari Hernawan Hiariej, Dahlan Hasan, Mailinda Eka Yuniza, and Nabiyla Risfa Izzati. Kertas Kebijakan Catatan Kritis terhadap UU No 11 Tahun 2020 tentang Cipta Kerja. Edited by Sri Wiyanti Eddyono. UGM: Yogyakarta. Yogyakarta: Fakultas Hukum Universitas Gadjah Mada, 2020.
Santosa, Dewa Gede Giri, and Dewa Gede. “Perjanjian Kerja Waktu Tertentu Pasca Undang-Undang Cipta Kerja: Implementasi an Permasalahannya.” Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 17, no. 2 (2021): 178–91.
Saptohutomo, Aryo Putranto. “Pakar Kritik Perppu Cipta Kerja: Harusnya untuk Kegentingan Memaksa, Bukan Memaksakan Kegentingan.” Kompas.com, January 3, 2023.
Shoss, Mindy K. “Job Insecurity: An Integrative Review and Agenda for Future Research.” Journal of Management 43, no. 6 (2017): 1911–39.
Soekapdjo, Soeharjoto, and Mitha Rachma Oktavia. “Pengaruh Inflasi, Indeks Pembangunan Manusia, dan Upah Minimum Provinsi erhadap Pengangguran di Indonesia.” Jurnal Khatulistiwa Informatika 5, no. 2 (2021): 94–102.
Thea, Ady. “Ini Besaran UMP 2022 Rekomendasi Dewan Pengupahan Jakarta.” Hukum Online, November 16, 2021. https://www.hukumonline.com/berita/a/ini-besaran-ump-2022-rekomendasi-dewan-pengupahan-jakarta-lt61937d43f2995/.
———. “Substansi tak Sesuai Harapan, Serikat Buruh Tolak Perppu Cipta Kerja.” Hukum Online, January 2, 2023. https://www.hukumonline.com/berita/a/substansi-tak-sesuai-harapan--serikat-buruh-tolak-perppu-cipta-kerja-lt63b25fa54f54c/.
Utami, Nindya. “Pabrik Tempat Perampasan Waktu, Tenaga, dan Pikiran Bagi Buruh Perempuan.” Perempuan Mahardhika, January 26, 2023. https://mahardhika.org/pabrik-tempat-perampasan-waktu-tenaga-dan-pikiran-bagi-buruh-perempuan/.
Witte, Hans De, Jaco Pienaar, and Nele De Cuyper. “Review of 30 Years of Longitudinal Studies on the Association between Job Insecurity and Health and Well‐being: Is There Causal Evidence?” Australian Psychologist 51, no. 1 (2016): 18–31.
Yahya, Achmad Nasrudin, and Bayu Galih. “Bedah UU Cipta Kerja, Kontradiksi Waktu Libur Hanya Sehari dalam Sepekan.” Kompas.com, November 2, 2020. https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2020/11/03/05280081/bedah-uu-cipta-kerja-kontradiksi-waktu-libur-hanya-sehari-dalam-sepekan?page=all.
References
Agusmidah, Agusmidah. “Hak Ekonomi Perempuan: Pekerja Rumahan dalam Jangkauan Undang-Undang Ketenagakerjaan.” Talenta Conference Series: Local Wisdom, Social, and Arts (LWSA) 1, no. 1 (October 17, 2018): 001–007. https://doi.org/10.32734/lwsa.v1i1.133.
Aprilia, Zefanya. “Buruh Kritik Tajam Perpu Cipta Kerja Jokowi: Cuma Ganti Baju!” CNBC Indonesia, January 3, 2023. https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/news/20230103164834-4-402495/buruh-kritik-tajam-perpu-cipta-kerja-jokowi-cuma-ganti-baju.
Berg, Janine. Labour Markets, Institutions and Inequality: Building Just Societies in the 21st Century. Labour Markets, Institutions and Inequality. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2015. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781784712105.
Evandio, Akbar. “Lengkap! Ini Isi Surat Anies Baswedan Ke Menaker Soal UMP DKI 2022.” Bisnis.com, November 29, 2021. https://jakarta.bisnis.com/read/20211129/77/1471701/lengkap-ini-isi-surat-anies-baswedan-ke-menaker-soal-ump-dki-2022.
Fadilah, Ilyas. “Perppu Cipta Kerja Batasi Outsourcing, Ini Penjelasan Menaker.” Detik Finance, January 7, 2023. https://finance.detik.com/berita-ekonomi-bisnis/d-6503246/perppu-cipta-kerja-batasi-outsourcing-ini-penjelasan-menaker#:~:text=Ida%20menyebut%20dalam%20Perppu%202,7%2F1%2F2023).
Ferry, Sandi. “Makin Ruwet, Anies Bakal Hadapi Banyak Tuntutan PTUN.” CNBC Indonesia, January 7, 2022. https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/news/20220107194045-4-305625/makin-ruwet-anies-bakal-hadapi-banyak-tuntutan-ptun
Gadjian. “Perbandingan UMP Jakarta 2022 dan Lima Tahun Terakhir.” Gadjian, November 22, 2023. https://www.gadjian.com/blog/2021/11/25/ump-jakarta-2022-lima-tahun-terakhir/.
Greenhalgh, Leonard, and Zehava Rosenblatt. “Evolution of Research on Job Insecurity.” International Studies of Management & Organization 40, no. 1 (2010): 6–19.
Habibi, Muhtar. “Gerakan Buruh Pasca Soeharto: Politik Jalanan di Tengah Himpitan Pasar Kerja Fleksibel.” Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Dan Ilmu Politik 16, no. 3 (2013): 200–216.
Izzati, Nabiyla Risfa. “Deregulation in Job Creation Law: The Future of Indonesian Labor Law.” Padjadjaran Jurnal Ilmu Hukum (Journal of Law), 2022. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.22304/pjih.v9n2.a1.
———. “Indonesia Country Study 2021,” 2022. https://api.fairwear.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Indonesia-Country-Study-2021.pdf.
Jumisih. “Jalan Menuju Pemilu 5: Polemik Perppu Cipta Kerja dan Respon Kelas Pekerja.” Indonesia: Indo Progress, January 6, 2023.
Karunia, Ade Miranti, and Erlangga Djumena. “Sebut Banyak Hoaks Soal Perppu Cipta Kerja, Kemenaker: Akibat tak Memahami Secara Utuh.” Kompas.com, January 6, 2023. https://money.kompas.com/read/2023/01/06/183800826/sebut-banyak-hoaks-soal-perppu-cipta-kerja-kemenaker--akibat-tak-memahami.
Lee, Cynthia, Guo-Hua Huang, and Susan J Ashford. “Job Insecurity and the Changing Workplace: Recent Developments and the Future Trends in Job Insecurity Research.” Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior 5, no. 1 (2018): 335–59.
Melisa Ayu Azhara, and Siti Ruhama Mardhatillah. “Partisipasi Publik dalam Penyusunan Dokumen Analisis Dampak Lingkungan Pasca Berlakunya Undang-Undang/Perppu Cipta Kerja.” Jurnal Hukum IUS QUIA IUSTUM 30, no. 2 (May 30, 2023): 256–76. https://doi.org/10.20885/iustum.vol30.iss2.art2.
Mochtar, Zainal Arifin, and Idul Rishan. “Autocratic Legalism: The Making of Indonesian Omnibus Law.” Yustisia 11, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 29–41. https://doi.org/10.20961/yustisia.v11i1.59296.
Pangastuti, Triyan. “Airlangga Sebut Perppu Cipta Kerja Cegah Badai PHK Berlanjut.” Berita Satu, January 9, 2023. https://www.beritasatu.com/ekonomi/1016335/airlangga-sebut-perppu-cipta-kerja-cegah-badai-phk-berlanjut.
Purnama, Iqbal Dwi. “Terkait Upah Minimum 2022, APINDO Resmi Gugat Kepgub DKI 1617/2021.” IDX Channel, January 16, 2022. https://www.idxchannel.com/economics/terkait-upah-minimum-2022-apindo-resmi-gugat-kepgub-dki-15172021.
Putra, Han Revanda. “Said Iqbal Sebut PHK Jadi Mudah Dengan UU Cipta Kerja: Bisa Lewat WhatsApp.” Tempo.co, July 30, 2024. https://bisnis.tempo.co/read/1897350/said-iqbal-sebut-phk-jadi-mudah-dengan-uu-cipta-kerja-bisa-lewat-whatsapp.
Putri, Budiarti Utami. “Aliansi: UU Cipta Kerja Patriarkis dan Memiskinkan Buruh Perempuan.” Tempo.co, October 19, 2020. https://nasional.tempo.co/read/1397426/aliansi-uu-cipta-kerja-patriarkis-dan-memiskinkan-buruh-perempuan.
Qamar, Nurul, Muhammad Syarif, Dachran S Busthami, M Kamal Hidjaz, Aan Aswari, Hardianto Djanggih, and Farah Syah Rezah. Metode Penelitian Hukum (Legal Research Methods). CV. Social Politic Genius (SIGn), 2017.
Radbruch, Gustav. “Statutory Lawlessness and Supra-Statutory Law (1946).” Oxford Journal of Legal Studies 26, no. 1 (2006): 1–11.
Riyanto, Sigit, Maria S W Sumardjono, E O S Sulistiowati, Ari Hernawan Hiariej, Dahlan Hasan, Mailinda Eka Yuniza, and Nabiyla Risfa Izzati. Kertas Kebijakan Catatan Kritis terhadap UU No 11 Tahun 2020 tentang Cipta Kerja. Edited by Sri Wiyanti Eddyono. UGM: Yogyakarta. Yogyakarta: Fakultas Hukum Universitas Gadjah Mada, 2020.
Santosa, Dewa Gede Giri, and Dewa Gede. “Perjanjian Kerja Waktu Tertentu Pasca Undang-Undang Cipta Kerja: Implementasi an Permasalahannya.” Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 17, no. 2 (2021): 178–91.
Saptohutomo, Aryo Putranto. “Pakar Kritik Perppu Cipta Kerja: Harusnya untuk Kegentingan Memaksa, Bukan Memaksakan Kegentingan.” Kompas.com, January 3, 2023.
Shoss, Mindy K. “Job Insecurity: An Integrative Review and Agenda for Future Research.” Journal of Management 43, no. 6 (2017): 1911–39.
Soekapdjo, Soeharjoto, and Mitha Rachma Oktavia. “Pengaruh Inflasi, Indeks Pembangunan Manusia, dan Upah Minimum Provinsi erhadap Pengangguran di Indonesia.” Jurnal Khatulistiwa Informatika 5, no. 2 (2021): 94–102.
Thea, Ady. “Ini Besaran UMP 2022 Rekomendasi Dewan Pengupahan Jakarta.” Hukum Online, November 16, 2021. https://www.hukumonline.com/berita/a/ini-besaran-ump-2022-rekomendasi-dewan-pengupahan-jakarta-lt61937d43f2995/.
———. “Substansi tak Sesuai Harapan, Serikat Buruh Tolak Perppu Cipta Kerja.” Hukum Online, January 2, 2023. https://www.hukumonline.com/berita/a/substansi-tak-sesuai-harapan--serikat-buruh-tolak-perppu-cipta-kerja-lt63b25fa54f54c/.
Utami, Nindya. “Pabrik Tempat Perampasan Waktu, Tenaga, dan Pikiran Bagi Buruh Perempuan.” Perempuan Mahardhika, January 26, 2023. https://mahardhika.org/pabrik-tempat-perampasan-waktu-tenaga-dan-pikiran-bagi-buruh-perempuan/.
Witte, Hans De, Jaco Pienaar, and Nele De Cuyper. “Review of 30 Years of Longitudinal Studies on the Association between Job Insecurity and Health and Well‐being: Is There Causal Evidence?” Australian Psychologist 51, no. 1 (2016): 18–31.
Yahya, Achmad Nasrudin, and Bayu Galih. “Bedah UU Cipta Kerja, Kontradiksi Waktu Libur Hanya Sehari dalam Sepekan.” Kompas.com, November 2, 2020. https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2020/11/03/05280081/bedah-uu-cipta-kerja-kontradiksi-waktu-libur-hanya-sehari-dalam-sepekan?page=all.