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Abstract
This research aims to analyze the independence of the Financial Services Authority (OJK) after the promulgation of Law No. 4 of 2023 on the Development and Strengthening of the Financial Services Sector. This research addresses the following problems, how independent is the OJK after the promulgation of Law No. 4 of 2023 on the Development and Strengthening of the Financial Services Sector; and what are the challenges faced by OJK in building relationships between financial services sector developments after the promulgation of Law No. 4 of 2023 on the Development and Strengthening of the Financial Services Sector. This research uses a normative juridical method with statutory and conceptual approaches. This research concludes that the enactment of Law No. 4 of 2023 on the Development and Strengthening of the Financial Services Sector poses challenges in maintaining the independence of the OJK in carrying out its authority as there are several provisions governing the consultation between the OJK and the House of Representatives (DPR) which can affect the independence of the former. The challenges faced by OJK in maintaining the stability of the national financial sector should be supported by providing independent authority, especially in aspects of regulation and supervision. This is due to the fact that the regulatory and supervisory aspects are the primary factors that reflect the integrity of stakeholders in OJK. The existence of a budget supervision for OJK and its consultation body with the DPR provides challenges for the OJK in the planning, implementation and evaluation process of the work programs being developed. The potential intervention from DPR towards the authority of OJK should be based on the importance of understanding the regulatory, supervisory, institutional and budgetary independence mechanisms so that they serve a positive impact on the development of the institutional role of OJK in managing the financial services sector.
Keywords: Financial Services Authority, House of Representatives, Independence.
Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa Independensi OJK setelah di undangkannya UU No. 4 Tahun 2023 tentang Pengembangan dan Penguatan Sektor Jasa Keuangan. Penelitian ini menjawab permasalahan bagaimana independensi OJK pasca diundangkan UU No. 4 Tahun 2023 tentang Pengembangan dan Penguatan Sektor Jasa Keuangan dan apa tantangan yang dihadapi oleh OJK dalam membangun hubungan antar kelembangan sektor jasa keuangan pasca diundangkan UU Nomor 4 Tahun 2023 tentang Pengembangan dan Penguatan Sektor Jasa Keuangan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan undang-undang dan konseptual. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa dengan diterbitkannya UU No. 4 Tahun 2023 tentang Pengembangan dan Penguatan Sektor Jasa Keuangan memberikan tantangan dalam menjaga independensi OJK dalam menjalankan kewenangannya karena terdapat beberapa ketentuan terkait konsultasi antara OJK dan DPR yang dapat memengaruhi independensi OJK. Tantangan yang dihadapi oleh OJK dalam menjaga stabilitas sektor keuangan nasional hendaknya didukung dengan memberikan kewenangan yang bersifat independen khususnya pada aspek regulasi dan supervisi. Hal ini dikarenakan aspek regulasi dan supervisi merupakan faktor utama yang merefleksikan integritas OJK pada stakeholders. Keberadaan badan supervisi dan konsultasi anggaran OJK dengan DPR memberikan tantangan bagi OJK dalam proses perencanaan, implementasi, serta evaluasi atas program kerja yang dikembangkan. Potensi intervensi DPR atas kewenangan OJK hendaknya didasarkan atas pentingnya memahami mekanisme independensi yang bersifat regulasi, supervisi, kelembagaan, dan anggaran sehingga memberikan dampak positif bagi perkembangan peran kelembagaan OJK dalam mengelola sektor jasa keuangan.
Kata Kunci: Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat, Independensi, Otoritas Jasa Keuangan.
Keywords
Article Details
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References
Adibin, Firmansyah, Fulthoni, and Musthafa Fakhri. Lembaga Negara dan Sengketa Kewenangan Antar Lembaga Negara. 1st ed. Jakarta: Konsorsium Repormasi Hukum Nasional , 2005.
Aprita, Serlika. “Kewenangan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) Melakukan Penyidikan: Analisis Pasal 9 Huruf C Undang-Undang Nomor 21 Tahun 2011 tentang Otoritas Jasa Keuangan.” Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Batanghari Jambi 21, no. 2 (2021). https://doi.org/10.33087/jiubj.v21i2.1431.
Asmirawati, N. “Catatan Singkat Terhadap Undang-Undang Nomor 21 Tahun 2011 tentang Otoritas Jasa Keuangan.” Jurnal Legislasi Indonesia 9, no. 3 (2012): 5–5.
Asshiddiqie, Jimly. Konstitusi dan Konstitusionalisme Indonesia. Jakarta: Sekretariat Jenderal dan Kepaniteraan MKRI 2005, 2005.
———. Pokok-Pokok Hukum Tata Negara Indonesia Pasca Reformasi. Jakarta: PT Bhuana Ilmu Populer, 2007.
Atak, Etka. “Pat on the Shoulder or Real Empowerment? New ESMA Jurisdiction in No-Action Letters Compared with the SEC Experience.” European Business Law Review 33, no. 5 (2022). https://doi.org/10.54648/eulr2022033.
Barth, James R., Gerard Caprio, and Ross Levine. Guardians of Finance. united stated of america: The MIT Press, 2012. https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9065.001.0001.
Barth, James R., Daniel E. Nolle, Triphon Phumiwasana, and Glenn Yago. “A Cross-Country Analysis of the Bank Supervisory Framework and Bank Performance.” Financial Markets, Institutions and Instruments, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0416.t01-2-00001.
Breakey, Hugh. “Dividing to Conquer: Using the Separation of Powers to Structure Institutional Inter-Relations.” In Research in Ethical Issues in Organizations, Vol. 12, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1529-209620140000012005.
Dawson, Mark, Ana Bobić, and Adina Maricut‐Akbik. “Reconciling Independence and Accountability at the European Central Bank: The False Promise of Proceduralism.” European Law Journal 25, no. 1 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1111/eulj.12305.
Diba, Nabilah Farah, Hari Sutra Disemadi, and Paramita Prananingtyas. “Kebijakan Tata Kelola Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) di Indonesia.” Ekspose: Jurnal Penelitian Hukum Dan Pendidikan 18, no. 2 (2020). https://doi.org/10.30863/ekspose.v18i2.485.
Dosma Sinaga, Rebekka, Bismar Nasution, and Mahmul Siregar. “Sistem Koordinasi Antara Bank Indonesia dan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan Dalam Pengawasan Bank Setelah Lahirnya Undang-Undang Nomor 21 Tahun 2011 tentang Otoritas Jasa Keuangan.” TRANSPARENCY, Jurnal Hukum Ekonomi 1 (2013).
E. Utrecht dan Moh. Saleh Djindang, S. “Pengantar Dalam Hukum Indonesia.” Jakarta: PT Grasindo, 1983.
Glassmoyer, Thomas P., and Roscoe Pound. “Contemporary Juristic Theory.” University of Pennsylvania Law Review and American Law Register 89, no. 7 (1941). https://doi.org/10.2307/3309028.
Hendra, N. “Lembaga, Badan, Dan Komisi Negara Independen (State Auxiliary Agencies) Di Indonesia: Tinjauan Hukum Tata Negara.” Jurnal Hukum Dan Pembangunan 3, no. April (2005).
Heriyadi, Hengki. “Tinjauan Yuridis Peran dan Fungsi Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (Ojk) dalam Sistem Keuangan di Indonesia.” Jurnal Hukum Progresif 11, no. 1 (2023). https://doi.org/10.14710/jhp.11.1.36-44.
Hesti, Yulia. “Analisis Yuridis Tujuan dan Kewenangan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) Dalam Lembaga Perbankan di Indonesia.” PRANATA HUKUM 13, no. 2 (2018). https://doi.org/10.36448/pranatahukum.v13i2.170.
Ibrahim, jhonny. Teori dan Meteologi Penelitian Hukum Normatif. Malang: Bayu Media Publishing, 2008.
Inkiriwang, Javier. “Hubungan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) Sebagai Lembaga Independen Dengan Sektor Perbankan.” Lex Privatium 5, no. 2 (2016).
Johansen, Sender, K. Regulatory Independence in Theory and Practice: - A Survey of Independent Energy Regulators in Eight European Countries. AKF Forlaget, 2003.
Leni Magdalen Rohi Riwu, Agustin. “Transfer of the Supervision Function of Bank Indonesia to the Financial Services Authority.” International Journal of Latest Engineering and Management Research (IJLEMR) 8, no. 8 (2023). https://doi.org/10.56581/ijlemr.8.8.07-16.
Mamuaya, F T, Olga A. Pangkerego, and Roy V. Karamoy. “Kedudukan dan Fungsi Otoritas Jasa Keuangan dalam Sistem Keuangan di Indonesia.” Lex Privatum 5, no. 9 (2022).
Marzuki, Peter Mahmud. Penelitian Hukum: Edisi Revisi, 13th Ed. Prenadamedia. Vol. 151, 2017.
Maulidian, Lina. “Fungsi Otoritas Jasa Keuangan Sebagai Lembaga Pengawas Perbankan Nasional Di Indonesia.” Jurnal Keadilan Progresif 5, no. 1 (2014): 102–10.
Moloney, Niamh. “The European Securities and Markets Authority and Institutional Design for the EU Financial Market - A Tale of Two Competences: Part (1) Rule-Making.” European Business Organization Law Review 12, no. 1 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1017/S1566752911100026.
Mwenda, Kenneth Kaoma. Legal Aspects of Financial Services Regulation and the Concept of a Unified Regulator. Legal Aspects of Financial Services Regulation and the Concept of a Unified Regulator, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1596/978-0-8213-6459-8.
Nasution, Bismar. “Struktur Regulasi Independensi Otoritas Jasa Keuangan.” Jurnal Hukum Dan Peradilan 3, no. 3 (2014). https://doi.org/10.25216/jhp.3.3.2014.281-294.
Pikahulan, Rustam Magun. “Implementasi Fungsi Pengaturan Serta Pengawasan Pada Bank Indonesia Dan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) Terhadap Perbankan.” Jurnal Penegakan Hukum Dan Keadilan 1, no. 1 (2020). https://doi.org/10.18196/jphk.1103.
Quintyn, M. “Regulatory and Supervisory Independence and Financial Stability.” CESifo Economic Studies 49, no. 2 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1093/cesifo/49.2.259.
Ramadani, Rizki. “Lembaga Negara Independen Di Indonesia Dalam Perspektif Konsep Independent Regulatory Agencies.” Jurnal Hukum Ius Quia Iustum 27, no. 1 (2020). https://doi.org/10.20885/iustum.vol27.iss1.art9.
Rijsbergen, Marloes van, and Ebbe Rogge. “Changes to the European Financial Supervisory Agencies’ Soft Law Powers: Legitimacy Problems Solved Or New Puzzles Created?” European Journal of Legal Studies 14, no. 1 (2022). https://doi.org/10.2924/EJLS.2022.016.
Ritleng, Dominique. “Independence and Legitimacy in the Institutional System of the European Union.” In Independence and Legitimacy in the Institutional System of the European Union, 1–14. Oxford University Press, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198769798.003.0001.
Robot, Evanlie. “Kewenangan Bank Indonesia Pasca Terbentuknya Otoritas Jasa Keuangan Menurut Undang-Undang Nomor 21 Tahun 20111.” Lex Et Societatis VII, no. 6 (2019).
Sari, Annisa Arifka. “Peran Otoritas Jasa Keuangan Dalam Mengawasi Jasa Keuangan di Indonesia.” Supremasi Jurnal Hukum 1, no. 1 (October 22, 2018): 23–33. https://doi.org/10.36441/supremasi.v1i1.154.
Sergeant, Carol. “Risk-Based Regulation in the Financial Services Authority.” Journal of Financial Regulation and Compliance 10, no. 4 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1108/13581980210810300.
Sigalingging, B. “Otoritas Jasa Keuangan: Suatu Kajian Terhadap Raung Lingkup Independensi Dalam Mengatur Dan Mengawasi Industri Jasa Keuangan Di Indonesia.” SOSEK: Jurnal Sosial Dan Ekonomi, 2022.
Sirajuddin, and Winardi. Dasar-Dasar Hukum Tata Negara Indonesia. Malang: Setara Press, 2015.
Soto Velasco, Sebastián. “The Old and the New Separation of Powers in the Relationship between the Executive and the Legislative Branch.” Estudios Constitucionales 16, no. 2 (2018). https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-52002018000200449.
SPALEK, BASIA. “Policing the U.K. Financial System: The Creation of the ‘New’ Financial Services Authority and Its Approach to Regulation.” International Journal of the Sociology of Law 29, no. 1 (March 2001): 75–87. https://doi.org/10.1006/ijsl.2000.0143.
Sutedi, Adrian. Aspek Hukum Otoritas Jasa Keuangan. Cet. Ke-1. Jakarta: Raih Asa Sukses, 2014.
Svetiev, Yane, and Annetje Ottow. “Financial Supervision in the Interstices Between Private and Public Law.” European Review of Contract Law 10, no. 4 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1515/ercl-2014-0023.
Tomic, Katica. “Product Intervention of Supervisory Authorities in Financial Services.” In Contemporary Studies in Economic and Financial Analysis, Vol. 99, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1569-375920180000099011.
Yustianti, Surti. “Kewenangan Pengaturan dan Pengawasan Perbankan oleh Bank Indonesia dan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK).” Acta Diurnal Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Kenotariatan Dan Ke-PPAT-An 1, no. 1 (2017). https://doi.org/10.24198/acta.v1i1.66.
Zaini, Zulfi Diane. “Hubungan Hukum Bank Indonesia Sebagai Bank Sentral dengan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) Pasca Pengalihan Fungsi Pengawasan Perbankan.” Jurnal Media Hukum 20, no. 2 (2013).
References
Adibin, Firmansyah, Fulthoni, and Musthafa Fakhri. Lembaga Negara dan Sengketa Kewenangan Antar Lembaga Negara. 1st ed. Jakarta: Konsorsium Repormasi Hukum Nasional , 2005.
Aprita, Serlika. “Kewenangan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) Melakukan Penyidikan: Analisis Pasal 9 Huruf C Undang-Undang Nomor 21 Tahun 2011 tentang Otoritas Jasa Keuangan.” Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Batanghari Jambi 21, no. 2 (2021). https://doi.org/10.33087/jiubj.v21i2.1431.
Asmirawati, N. “Catatan Singkat Terhadap Undang-Undang Nomor 21 Tahun 2011 tentang Otoritas Jasa Keuangan.” Jurnal Legislasi Indonesia 9, no. 3 (2012): 5–5.
Asshiddiqie, Jimly. Konstitusi dan Konstitusionalisme Indonesia. Jakarta: Sekretariat Jenderal dan Kepaniteraan MKRI 2005, 2005.
———. Pokok-Pokok Hukum Tata Negara Indonesia Pasca Reformasi. Jakarta: PT Bhuana Ilmu Populer, 2007.
Atak, Etka. “Pat on the Shoulder or Real Empowerment? New ESMA Jurisdiction in No-Action Letters Compared with the SEC Experience.” European Business Law Review 33, no. 5 (2022). https://doi.org/10.54648/eulr2022033.
Barth, James R., Gerard Caprio, and Ross Levine. Guardians of Finance. united stated of america: The MIT Press, 2012. https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9065.001.0001.
Barth, James R., Daniel E. Nolle, Triphon Phumiwasana, and Glenn Yago. “A Cross-Country Analysis of the Bank Supervisory Framework and Bank Performance.” Financial Markets, Institutions and Instruments, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0416.t01-2-00001.
Breakey, Hugh. “Dividing to Conquer: Using the Separation of Powers to Structure Institutional Inter-Relations.” In Research in Ethical Issues in Organizations, Vol. 12, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1529-209620140000012005.
Dawson, Mark, Ana Bobić, and Adina Maricut‐Akbik. “Reconciling Independence and Accountability at the European Central Bank: The False Promise of Proceduralism.” European Law Journal 25, no. 1 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1111/eulj.12305.
Diba, Nabilah Farah, Hari Sutra Disemadi, and Paramita Prananingtyas. “Kebijakan Tata Kelola Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) di Indonesia.” Ekspose: Jurnal Penelitian Hukum Dan Pendidikan 18, no. 2 (2020). https://doi.org/10.30863/ekspose.v18i2.485.
Dosma Sinaga, Rebekka, Bismar Nasution, and Mahmul Siregar. “Sistem Koordinasi Antara Bank Indonesia dan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan Dalam Pengawasan Bank Setelah Lahirnya Undang-Undang Nomor 21 Tahun 2011 tentang Otoritas Jasa Keuangan.” TRANSPARENCY, Jurnal Hukum Ekonomi 1 (2013).
E. Utrecht dan Moh. Saleh Djindang, S. “Pengantar Dalam Hukum Indonesia.” Jakarta: PT Grasindo, 1983.
Glassmoyer, Thomas P., and Roscoe Pound. “Contemporary Juristic Theory.” University of Pennsylvania Law Review and American Law Register 89, no. 7 (1941). https://doi.org/10.2307/3309028.
Hendra, N. “Lembaga, Badan, Dan Komisi Negara Independen (State Auxiliary Agencies) Di Indonesia: Tinjauan Hukum Tata Negara.” Jurnal Hukum Dan Pembangunan 3, no. April (2005).
Heriyadi, Hengki. “Tinjauan Yuridis Peran dan Fungsi Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (Ojk) dalam Sistem Keuangan di Indonesia.” Jurnal Hukum Progresif 11, no. 1 (2023). https://doi.org/10.14710/jhp.11.1.36-44.
Hesti, Yulia. “Analisis Yuridis Tujuan dan Kewenangan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) Dalam Lembaga Perbankan di Indonesia.” PRANATA HUKUM 13, no. 2 (2018). https://doi.org/10.36448/pranatahukum.v13i2.170.
Ibrahim, jhonny. Teori dan Meteologi Penelitian Hukum Normatif. Malang: Bayu Media Publishing, 2008.
Inkiriwang, Javier. “Hubungan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) Sebagai Lembaga Independen Dengan Sektor Perbankan.” Lex Privatium 5, no. 2 (2016).
Johansen, Sender, K. Regulatory Independence in Theory and Practice: - A Survey of Independent Energy Regulators in Eight European Countries. AKF Forlaget, 2003.
Leni Magdalen Rohi Riwu, Agustin. “Transfer of the Supervision Function of Bank Indonesia to the Financial Services Authority.” International Journal of Latest Engineering and Management Research (IJLEMR) 8, no. 8 (2023). https://doi.org/10.56581/ijlemr.8.8.07-16.
Mamuaya, F T, Olga A. Pangkerego, and Roy V. Karamoy. “Kedudukan dan Fungsi Otoritas Jasa Keuangan dalam Sistem Keuangan di Indonesia.” Lex Privatum 5, no. 9 (2022).
Marzuki, Peter Mahmud. Penelitian Hukum: Edisi Revisi, 13th Ed. Prenadamedia. Vol. 151, 2017.
Maulidian, Lina. “Fungsi Otoritas Jasa Keuangan Sebagai Lembaga Pengawas Perbankan Nasional Di Indonesia.” Jurnal Keadilan Progresif 5, no. 1 (2014): 102–10.
Moloney, Niamh. “The European Securities and Markets Authority and Institutional Design for the EU Financial Market - A Tale of Two Competences: Part (1) Rule-Making.” European Business Organization Law Review 12, no. 1 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1017/S1566752911100026.
Mwenda, Kenneth Kaoma. Legal Aspects of Financial Services Regulation and the Concept of a Unified Regulator. Legal Aspects of Financial Services Regulation and the Concept of a Unified Regulator, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1596/978-0-8213-6459-8.
Nasution, Bismar. “Struktur Regulasi Independensi Otoritas Jasa Keuangan.” Jurnal Hukum Dan Peradilan 3, no. 3 (2014). https://doi.org/10.25216/jhp.3.3.2014.281-294.
Pikahulan, Rustam Magun. “Implementasi Fungsi Pengaturan Serta Pengawasan Pada Bank Indonesia Dan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) Terhadap Perbankan.” Jurnal Penegakan Hukum Dan Keadilan 1, no. 1 (2020). https://doi.org/10.18196/jphk.1103.
Quintyn, M. “Regulatory and Supervisory Independence and Financial Stability.” CESifo Economic Studies 49, no. 2 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1093/cesifo/49.2.259.
Ramadani, Rizki. “Lembaga Negara Independen Di Indonesia Dalam Perspektif Konsep Independent Regulatory Agencies.” Jurnal Hukum Ius Quia Iustum 27, no. 1 (2020). https://doi.org/10.20885/iustum.vol27.iss1.art9.
Rijsbergen, Marloes van, and Ebbe Rogge. “Changes to the European Financial Supervisory Agencies’ Soft Law Powers: Legitimacy Problems Solved Or New Puzzles Created?” European Journal of Legal Studies 14, no. 1 (2022). https://doi.org/10.2924/EJLS.2022.016.
Ritleng, Dominique. “Independence and Legitimacy in the Institutional System of the European Union.” In Independence and Legitimacy in the Institutional System of the European Union, 1–14. Oxford University Press, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198769798.003.0001.
Robot, Evanlie. “Kewenangan Bank Indonesia Pasca Terbentuknya Otoritas Jasa Keuangan Menurut Undang-Undang Nomor 21 Tahun 20111.” Lex Et Societatis VII, no. 6 (2019).
Sari, Annisa Arifka. “Peran Otoritas Jasa Keuangan Dalam Mengawasi Jasa Keuangan di Indonesia.” Supremasi Jurnal Hukum 1, no. 1 (October 22, 2018): 23–33. https://doi.org/10.36441/supremasi.v1i1.154.
Sergeant, Carol. “Risk-Based Regulation in the Financial Services Authority.” Journal of Financial Regulation and Compliance 10, no. 4 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1108/13581980210810300.
Sigalingging, B. “Otoritas Jasa Keuangan: Suatu Kajian Terhadap Raung Lingkup Independensi Dalam Mengatur Dan Mengawasi Industri Jasa Keuangan Di Indonesia.” SOSEK: Jurnal Sosial Dan Ekonomi, 2022.
Sirajuddin, and Winardi. Dasar-Dasar Hukum Tata Negara Indonesia. Malang: Setara Press, 2015.
Soto Velasco, Sebastián. “The Old and the New Separation of Powers in the Relationship between the Executive and the Legislative Branch.” Estudios Constitucionales 16, no. 2 (2018). https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-52002018000200449.
SPALEK, BASIA. “Policing the U.K. Financial System: The Creation of the ‘New’ Financial Services Authority and Its Approach to Regulation.” International Journal of the Sociology of Law 29, no. 1 (March 2001): 75–87. https://doi.org/10.1006/ijsl.2000.0143.
Sutedi, Adrian. Aspek Hukum Otoritas Jasa Keuangan. Cet. Ke-1. Jakarta: Raih Asa Sukses, 2014.
Svetiev, Yane, and Annetje Ottow. “Financial Supervision in the Interstices Between Private and Public Law.” European Review of Contract Law 10, no. 4 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1515/ercl-2014-0023.
Tomic, Katica. “Product Intervention of Supervisory Authorities in Financial Services.” In Contemporary Studies in Economic and Financial Analysis, Vol. 99, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1569-375920180000099011.
Yustianti, Surti. “Kewenangan Pengaturan dan Pengawasan Perbankan oleh Bank Indonesia dan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK).” Acta Diurnal Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Kenotariatan Dan Ke-PPAT-An 1, no. 1 (2017). https://doi.org/10.24198/acta.v1i1.66.
Zaini, Zulfi Diane. “Hubungan Hukum Bank Indonesia Sebagai Bank Sentral dengan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) Pasca Pengalihan Fungsi Pengawasan Perbankan.” Jurnal Media Hukum 20, no. 2 (2013).