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Abstract
The rising number of cyberbullying occurrences in Indonesia is one of the subsequent results of the rapid development of technology, thus efforts are needed by the government in form of a policy, both repressive and preventive measures. The purpose of this study is to provide a concept of society prevention in regards to cyberbullying through the implementation of the ideal techno-prevention method in the Society 5.0 era. The is a normative research method carried out by using a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. The results of the study indicate that the use of criminal law alone is not effective in resolving cyberbullying crimes, due to the fact that criminal law is post factum. Therefore, an ideal concept of cyberbullying prevention is needed which can be achieved by utilizing Artificial Intelligence (AI) which is ideal in the Society 5.0 era through the development of Mathematical Computerization methods, such as the Nearest Neighbor Algorithm (ANN) method. In addition, the application of techno-prevention to combat cyberbullying needs to be elaborated in the form of the ideal legal regulations, namely Presidential Regulations.
Keywords: Cyberbullying, Techno Prevention, Society 5.0
Abstrak.
Tingginya kasus cyberbullying di Indonesia merupakan akibat dari perkembangan teknologi yang semakin pesat, sehingga perlu adanya upaya yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah dalam suatu kebijakan baik dalam bentuk represif maupun preventif. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah memberikan konsep terhadap untuk mencegah masyarakat dari cyberbullying melalui penerapan techno prevention yang ideal di era Society 5.0. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian normatif yang dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan (statute approach) dan pendekatan konseptual (conceptual approach). Hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa penggunaan hukum pidana saja tidak efektif dalam menyelesaikan kejahatan cyberbullying, sebab hukum pidana yang bersifat post factum. Sehingga dibutuhkan konsep ideal pencegahan cyberbullying yang dapat dilakukan dengan memanfaatan Artificial Intelligence (AI) yang ideal di era Society 5.0 melalui pengembangan metode Matematis Komputerasi, seperti metode Algoritma Nearest Neighbour (ANN). Selain itu, penerapan techno prevention untuk mencegah terjadi cyberbullying perlu dielaborasi dalam bentuk regulasi hukum yang ideal yakni Peraturan Presiden.
Kata Kunci: Masyarakat 5.0, Perundungan Siber, Techno Prevention.
Keywords
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References
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Budi, Eko, Dwi Wira, and Ardian Infantono. “Strategi Penguatan Cyber Security Guna Mewujudkan Keamanan Nasional di Era Society 5.0.” Prosiding Seminar Nasional Sains Teknologi dan Inovasi Indonesia (SENASTINDO) 3 (December 21, 2021): 223–34. https://doi.org/10.54706/senastindo.v3.2021.141.
Burton, Kelley. “Assessment Rubric on IRAC (Issue, Rule, Application,.” Journal of Learning Design 10, no. 2 (2017).
cook, saam. “Cyberbullying Facts and Statistics for 2018 – 2023,” n.d. https://www.comparitech.com/internet-providers/cyberbullying-statistics/.
De Pauw, Evelien, Paul Ponsaers, Kees van der Vijver, Willy Bruggerman, and Piet Deelman, eds. Technological Innovations in Crime Prevention and Policing. A Review of the Research on Implementation and Impact. Journal of Police Studies 20. Antwerpen: Maklu, 2011.
Doly, Denico. “Pemanfaatan Artificial Intelligence dalam Penegakan Hukum di Indonesia,” n.d.
Donegan, Richard. “Bullying and Cyberbullying: History, Statistics, Law, Prevention and Analysis,” n.d.
El Asam, Aiman, and Muthanna Samara. “Cyberbullying and the Law: A Review of Psychological and Legal Challenges.” Computers in Human Behavior 65 (December 2016): 127–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.08.012.
Ellitan, Lena. “Competing in the Era of Industrial Revolution 4.0 and Society 5.0.” Jurnal Maksipreneur: Manajemen, Koperasi, Dan Entrepreneurship 10, no. 1 (December 1, 2020): 1. https://doi.org/10.30588/jmp.v10i1.657.
Fahlevi, Fahdi. “1.895 Remaja Alami Perundungan Secara Siber, Pelakunya 1.182 Siswa,” n.d. https://www.tribunnews.com/nasional/2023/02/01/1895-remaja-alami-perundungan-secara-siber-pelakunya-1182-siswa.
Frensh, Wenggedes. “Kelemahan Pelaksanaan Kebijakan Kriminal terhadap Cyberbullying Anak di Indonesia” 01, no. 2 (2022).
Fukuyama, Mayumi. “Society 5.0: Aiming for a New Human-Centered Society,” n.d.
Grabosky, Peter. Technology & Crime Control. Canberra: Australian Institute of Criminology, 1998.
Hamdan Mustameer. “Penegakan Hukum Nasional dan Hukum Internasional Terhadap Kejahatan Cyber Espionage Pada Era Society 5.0.” Jurnal Yustika: Media Hukum dan Keadilan 25, no. 01 (August 1, 2022): 40–53. https://doi.org/10.24123/yustika.v25i01.5090.
Hinduja, Sameer, and Justin W. Patchin. “Cyberbullying: A Review of the Legal Issues Facing Educators.” Preventing School Failure: Alternative Education for Children and Youth 55, no. 2 (January 31, 2011): 71–78. https://doi.org/10.1080/1045988X.2011.539433.
Ho, Huong Thi Ngoc, and Hai Thanh Luong. “Research Trends in Cybercrime Victimization during 2010–2020: A Bibliometric Analysis.” SN Social Sciences 2, no. 1 (January 2022): 4. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43545-021-00305-4.
Jayaputri, Citasari. “Cyberbullying dan Tantangan Hukum” 14 (2020).
“Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana,” n.d.
Kowalski, Robin M., Gary W. Giumetti, Amber N. Schroeder, and Micah R. Lattanner. “Bullying in the Digital Age: A Critical Review and Meta-Analysis of Cyberbullying Research among Youth.” Psychological Bulletin 140, no. 4 (July 2014): 1073–1137. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035618.
Lumantak, Militia Christi, Maarthen Y Tampanguma, and Nike Kelly Rumokoy. “Tinjauan Yuridis dalam Kasus Cyberbullying terhadap Anak di Masa Pembelajaran Daring,” n.d.
Mahendra, Prastya Agung, ’ Hartiwiningsih, and Dian Esti Pratiwi. “Kajian Etiologi Kriminal terhadap Kasus Cyberbullying di Indonesia.” Recidive : Jurnal Hukum Pidana dan Penanggulangan Kejahatan 9, no. 3 (December 2, 2020): 252. https://doi.org/10.20961/recidive.v9i3.47417.
Meisels, Tamar. “Defining terrorism – a typology.” Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy 12, no. 3 (September 2009): 331–51. https://doi.org/10.1080/13698230903127853.
Mufid, Firda Laily. “Kebijakan Integral Hukum Pidana dengan Technology Prevention dalam Upaya Pencegahan Kejahatan Cyberbullying” 7, no. 2 (2018).
Muhamad, Nabilah. “Persentase Anak Muda* Indonesia Yang Menggunakan Internet Berdasarkan Tujuan (Maret 2023).” Accessed January 21, 2023. https://databoks.katadata.co.id/datapublish/2024/01/11/mayoritas-anak-muda-indonesia-gunakan-internet-untuk-media-sosial.
Muladi, and Dyah Sulistiyani. Kompleksitas Perkembangan Tindak Pidana dan Kebijakan Kriminal. Bandung: Alumni, 2016.
Olweus, Dan, and Susan P Limber. “Some Problems with Cyberbullying Research.” Current Opinion in Psychology 19 (February 2018): 139–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.04.012.
Pahlevi, Reza. “Jumlah Anak Korban Perundungan Di Media Sosial (2016-2020).” Komisi Perlindungan Anak Indonesia, n.d. https://databoks.katadata.co.id/datapublish/2022/07/29/ratusan-anak-jadi-korban-bullying-di-media-sosial-sejak-2016.
Pasha, Saadia Anwar, Sana Ali, and Riadh Jeljeli. “Artificial Intelligence Implementation to Counteract Cybercrimes Against Children in Pakistan.” Human Arenas, October 10, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42087-022-00312-8.
“Perundungan Di Indonesia: Fakta-Fakta Kunci, Solusi, Dan Rekomendasi.” UNICEF, 2020. https://www.unicef.org/indonesia/media/5691/file/Fact%20Sheet%20Perkawinan%20Anak%20di%20Indonesia.pdf.
Putnam, Tonya L, and David D Elliott. “International Responses to Cyber Crime,” n.d.
Rahmani, Amir Masoud, Elham Azhir, Saqib Ali, Mokhtar Mohammadi, Omed Hassan Ahmed, Marwan Yassin Ghafour, Sarkar Hasan Ahmed, and Mehdi Hosseinzadeh. “Artificial Intelligence Approaches and Mechanisms for Big Data Analytics: A Systematic Study.” PeerJ Computer Science 7 (April 14, 2021): e488. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.488.
Rahmazani. “Problematika Hukum Penerapan Undang-Undang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik (UU ITE) di Indonesia.” Mimbar Hukum Universitas Gadjah MadA 34, no. 1 (2022): 161–85. https://doi.org/10.22146/mh.v34i1.3078.
Ravena, Dey, and Kristian. Kebijakan Kriminal (Criminal Policy). Jakarta: Kencana, 2017.
Sagita, Meigitaria. “Menyiapkan Diri Menghadapi Era Society 5.0, Bagaimana Caranya?” Accessed January 29, 2024. https://communication.uii.ac.id/menyiapkan-diri-menghadapi-era-society-5-0-bagaimana-caranya/#:~:text=Konsep%20Society%205.0%20memiliki%20kaitan,ke%20manusia%20dalam%20berbagai%20bentuk.
Saleem, Sumera, Naurin Farooq Khan, Saad Zafar, and Najla Raza. “Systematic Literature Reviews in Cyberbullying/Cyber Harassment: A Tertiary Study.” Technology in Society 70 (August 2022): 102055. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2022.102055.
Smith, Peter K. “The Nature of Cyberbullying and What We Can Do about It.” Journal of Research in Special Educational Needs 15, no. 3 (July 2015): 176–84. https://doi.org/10.1111/1471-3802.12114.
Sugiono, Shiddiq. “Industri Konten Digital dalam Perspektif Society 5.0 Digital Content Industry in Society 5.0 Perspective” 22, no. 2 (n.d.).
Tanya, Bernard L., Yoan N. Simanjuntak, and Markus Y. Hage. Teori Hukum: Strategi Tertib Manusia Lintas Ruang Dan Generasi. Yogyakarta: Genta Publishing, 2010.
Wulandari, Cahya. “Kebijakan Kriminal Non Penal dengan Techno Prevention (Analisis Pencegahan Konten Negatif Melalui Internet).” . . Number 15, no. 2 (2020): 228–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/pandecta.v15i2.23650.
References
Arief, Barda Nawawi. Beberapa Aspek Kebijakan Penegakan dan Pengembangan Hukum Pidana. Bandung: PT. Citra Aditya Bakti, 1998.
Budi, Eko, Dwi Wira, and Ardian Infantono. “Strategi Penguatan Cyber Security Guna Mewujudkan Keamanan Nasional di Era Society 5.0.” Prosiding Seminar Nasional Sains Teknologi dan Inovasi Indonesia (SENASTINDO) 3 (December 21, 2021): 223–34. https://doi.org/10.54706/senastindo.v3.2021.141.
Burton, Kelley. “Assessment Rubric on IRAC (Issue, Rule, Application,.” Journal of Learning Design 10, no. 2 (2017).
cook, saam. “Cyberbullying Facts and Statistics for 2018 – 2023,” n.d. https://www.comparitech.com/internet-providers/cyberbullying-statistics/.
De Pauw, Evelien, Paul Ponsaers, Kees van der Vijver, Willy Bruggerman, and Piet Deelman, eds. Technological Innovations in Crime Prevention and Policing. A Review of the Research on Implementation and Impact. Journal of Police Studies 20. Antwerpen: Maklu, 2011.
Doly, Denico. “Pemanfaatan Artificial Intelligence dalam Penegakan Hukum di Indonesia,” n.d.
Donegan, Richard. “Bullying and Cyberbullying: History, Statistics, Law, Prevention and Analysis,” n.d.
El Asam, Aiman, and Muthanna Samara. “Cyberbullying and the Law: A Review of Psychological and Legal Challenges.” Computers in Human Behavior 65 (December 2016): 127–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.08.012.
Ellitan, Lena. “Competing in the Era of Industrial Revolution 4.0 and Society 5.0.” Jurnal Maksipreneur: Manajemen, Koperasi, Dan Entrepreneurship 10, no. 1 (December 1, 2020): 1. https://doi.org/10.30588/jmp.v10i1.657.
Fahlevi, Fahdi. “1.895 Remaja Alami Perundungan Secara Siber, Pelakunya 1.182 Siswa,” n.d. https://www.tribunnews.com/nasional/2023/02/01/1895-remaja-alami-perundungan-secara-siber-pelakunya-1182-siswa.
Frensh, Wenggedes. “Kelemahan Pelaksanaan Kebijakan Kriminal terhadap Cyberbullying Anak di Indonesia” 01, no. 2 (2022).
Fukuyama, Mayumi. “Society 5.0: Aiming for a New Human-Centered Society,” n.d.
Grabosky, Peter. Technology & Crime Control. Canberra: Australian Institute of Criminology, 1998.
Hamdan Mustameer. “Penegakan Hukum Nasional dan Hukum Internasional Terhadap Kejahatan Cyber Espionage Pada Era Society 5.0.” Jurnal Yustika: Media Hukum dan Keadilan 25, no. 01 (August 1, 2022): 40–53. https://doi.org/10.24123/yustika.v25i01.5090.
Hinduja, Sameer, and Justin W. Patchin. “Cyberbullying: A Review of the Legal Issues Facing Educators.” Preventing School Failure: Alternative Education for Children and Youth 55, no. 2 (January 31, 2011): 71–78. https://doi.org/10.1080/1045988X.2011.539433.
Ho, Huong Thi Ngoc, and Hai Thanh Luong. “Research Trends in Cybercrime Victimization during 2010–2020: A Bibliometric Analysis.” SN Social Sciences 2, no. 1 (January 2022): 4. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43545-021-00305-4.
Jayaputri, Citasari. “Cyberbullying dan Tantangan Hukum” 14 (2020).
“Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana,” n.d.
Kowalski, Robin M., Gary W. Giumetti, Amber N. Schroeder, and Micah R. Lattanner. “Bullying in the Digital Age: A Critical Review and Meta-Analysis of Cyberbullying Research among Youth.” Psychological Bulletin 140, no. 4 (July 2014): 1073–1137. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035618.
Lumantak, Militia Christi, Maarthen Y Tampanguma, and Nike Kelly Rumokoy. “Tinjauan Yuridis dalam Kasus Cyberbullying terhadap Anak di Masa Pembelajaran Daring,” n.d.
Mahendra, Prastya Agung, ’ Hartiwiningsih, and Dian Esti Pratiwi. “Kajian Etiologi Kriminal terhadap Kasus Cyberbullying di Indonesia.” Recidive : Jurnal Hukum Pidana dan Penanggulangan Kejahatan 9, no. 3 (December 2, 2020): 252. https://doi.org/10.20961/recidive.v9i3.47417.
Meisels, Tamar. “Defining terrorism – a typology.” Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy 12, no. 3 (September 2009): 331–51. https://doi.org/10.1080/13698230903127853.
Mufid, Firda Laily. “Kebijakan Integral Hukum Pidana dengan Technology Prevention dalam Upaya Pencegahan Kejahatan Cyberbullying” 7, no. 2 (2018).
Muhamad, Nabilah. “Persentase Anak Muda* Indonesia Yang Menggunakan Internet Berdasarkan Tujuan (Maret 2023).” Accessed January 21, 2023. https://databoks.katadata.co.id/datapublish/2024/01/11/mayoritas-anak-muda-indonesia-gunakan-internet-untuk-media-sosial.
Muladi, and Dyah Sulistiyani. Kompleksitas Perkembangan Tindak Pidana dan Kebijakan Kriminal. Bandung: Alumni, 2016.
Olweus, Dan, and Susan P Limber. “Some Problems with Cyberbullying Research.” Current Opinion in Psychology 19 (February 2018): 139–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.04.012.
Pahlevi, Reza. “Jumlah Anak Korban Perundungan Di Media Sosial (2016-2020).” Komisi Perlindungan Anak Indonesia, n.d. https://databoks.katadata.co.id/datapublish/2022/07/29/ratusan-anak-jadi-korban-bullying-di-media-sosial-sejak-2016.
Pasha, Saadia Anwar, Sana Ali, and Riadh Jeljeli. “Artificial Intelligence Implementation to Counteract Cybercrimes Against Children in Pakistan.” Human Arenas, October 10, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42087-022-00312-8.
“Perundungan Di Indonesia: Fakta-Fakta Kunci, Solusi, Dan Rekomendasi.” UNICEF, 2020. https://www.unicef.org/indonesia/media/5691/file/Fact%20Sheet%20Perkawinan%20Anak%20di%20Indonesia.pdf.
Putnam, Tonya L, and David D Elliott. “International Responses to Cyber Crime,” n.d.
Rahmani, Amir Masoud, Elham Azhir, Saqib Ali, Mokhtar Mohammadi, Omed Hassan Ahmed, Marwan Yassin Ghafour, Sarkar Hasan Ahmed, and Mehdi Hosseinzadeh. “Artificial Intelligence Approaches and Mechanisms for Big Data Analytics: A Systematic Study.” PeerJ Computer Science 7 (April 14, 2021): e488. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.488.
Rahmazani. “Problematika Hukum Penerapan Undang-Undang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik (UU ITE) di Indonesia.” Mimbar Hukum Universitas Gadjah MadA 34, no. 1 (2022): 161–85. https://doi.org/10.22146/mh.v34i1.3078.
Ravena, Dey, and Kristian. Kebijakan Kriminal (Criminal Policy). Jakarta: Kencana, 2017.
Sagita, Meigitaria. “Menyiapkan Diri Menghadapi Era Society 5.0, Bagaimana Caranya?” Accessed January 29, 2024. https://communication.uii.ac.id/menyiapkan-diri-menghadapi-era-society-5-0-bagaimana-caranya/#:~:text=Konsep%20Society%205.0%20memiliki%20kaitan,ke%20manusia%20dalam%20berbagai%20bentuk.
Saleem, Sumera, Naurin Farooq Khan, Saad Zafar, and Najla Raza. “Systematic Literature Reviews in Cyberbullying/Cyber Harassment: A Tertiary Study.” Technology in Society 70 (August 2022): 102055. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2022.102055.
Smith, Peter K. “The Nature of Cyberbullying and What We Can Do about It.” Journal of Research in Special Educational Needs 15, no. 3 (July 2015): 176–84. https://doi.org/10.1111/1471-3802.12114.
Sugiono, Shiddiq. “Industri Konten Digital dalam Perspektif Society 5.0 Digital Content Industry in Society 5.0 Perspective” 22, no. 2 (n.d.).
Tanya, Bernard L., Yoan N. Simanjuntak, and Markus Y. Hage. Teori Hukum: Strategi Tertib Manusia Lintas Ruang Dan Generasi. Yogyakarta: Genta Publishing, 2010.
Wulandari, Cahya. “Kebijakan Kriminal Non Penal dengan Techno Prevention (Analisis Pencegahan Konten Negatif Melalui Internet).” . . Number 15, no. 2 (2020): 228–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/pandecta.v15i2.23650.