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Abstract
The enactment of Law No. 6 of 2023, which ratified the Job Creation Government Regulation in Lieu of Law (Perppu Cipta Kerja), has significantly reshaped Indonesia’s regulatory governance, particularly by streamlining business licensing through national standards. In Aceh, an autonomous region operating under asymmetric decentralization as established by Law No. 11 of 2006, these reforms have created friction with existing qanun, resulting in regulatory disharmony. This study analyzes the functional diffusion of the legislative oversight role of the Regional Representative Council (DPD RI) over licensing-related qanun in Aceh and evaluates its institutional effectiveness within the context of asymmetric decentralization. The research utilizes a juridical-empirical approach and qualitative methods. Data collection involved interviews and document analysis of qanun, DPD regulations, Constitutional Court decisions, and relevant statutory laws. Institutional and comparative analyses were conducted to examine the normative, structural, and functional dimensions of oversight, with references to countries that implement asymmetric decentralization. The findings indicate that DPD oversight in Aceh exemplifies functional diffusion driven by institutional requirements and limited regional coordination. Although symbolically important, its strategic impact is constrained by overlapping authorities, limited mandates, and insufficient stakeholder engagement. Comparative perspectives from Spain, India, and South Africa reveal alternative mechanisms for vertical legal harmonization through judicial or parliamentary means. Strengthening the DPD’s oversight function will require regulatory reform, increased institutional capacity, and enhanced collaboration among stakeholders to achieve substantive legislative oversight.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Nurainun Mangunsong, Surur Roiqoh
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References
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Felicia, Stefania A, Ridho B Septarianto, Harven F Taufik, Nurasyifah Khoirala, and I G N Anantha W Jayaningrat. “Eksistensi Dewan Perwakilan Daerah Sebagai Kamar Kedua Dalam Sistem Bikameral Di Indonesia.” Justitia Jurnal Hukum 4, no. 1 (2020).
Folco, Marco Di. “Il Nuovo Regolamento Della Commissione Parlamentare per Le Questioni Regionali Sulla Consultazione Delle Autonomie Territoriali : Un Passo Avanti Verso La Realizzazione Del Principio Di Leale Collaborazione Ne Procedimento Legislativo,” 2018.
Gomez, David Parra. “Legislative Oversight of Government in Argentina and Spain: Corollary and Proposals in Light of Their Comparative Analysis.” Revista Juridica Austral 5 (2024): 725.
Handoyo, Benediktus Hestu Cipto. “The Regional Representative Council (DPD RI) and Checks and Balances in Indonesia’s Legislative Process.” Jurnal Ius Constituendum 9, no. 3 (2024): 542–63.
Helmi. “Kewenangan Daerah Dalam Perizinan Berusaha Dalam UU Cipta Kerja.” Simbur Cahaya, no. 6 (2021): 15–39. https://doi.org/10.28946/sc.v28i2.1170.
Herawati, Ratna. “Peran Anggota Dewan Perwakilan Daerah Republik Indonesia Dalam Rangka Menyerap Aspirasi Daerah (Studi Kasus Di Provinsi Jawa Tengah).” LAW REFORM 3, no. 2 (2006): 60–81.
Huda, Ni’matul. Desentralisasi Asimetris Dalam Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia: Kajian Terhadap Daerah Istimewa, Daerah Khusus, Dan Otonomi Khusus. Bandung: Nusamedia, 2014.
Investasi, Kementerian. “Penghentian EODB Dan Kelanjutan Kemudahan Berusaha Di Indonesia.” Https://Www.Jentera.Ac.Id/, no. November (2021). https://www.jentera.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Jentera_Penghentian-EODB-dan-Kelanjutan-Kemudahan-Berusaha-di-Indonesia_Dendy-Apriandi_BKPM.pdf.
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Lutter, Randall. “The Role of Retrospective Analysis and Review in Regulatory Policy.” Northern Virginia, n.d.
Maidin, Andi M Rusdi, Moehamat Nurdin, Wahyudi Putera, Andi Tenri Ulmi, Indah Lestari Yahya, and Husnumul Hidayat. “Effectiveness of Licensing Services for Issuing Business Identification Numbers Through the Oss-Rba System at the Investment and One-Stop Integrated Service Office of Sinjai Regency.” THE American Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Research (THE AJHSSR), 2023.
Mangunsong, Nurainun. “Penataan Regulasi Perizinan Berusaha Di DIY.” Universitas Islam Indonesia, 2025.
Maulana, Rifqy, and Jamhir Jamhir. “Konsep Hukum Perizinan Dan Pembangunan.” Jurnal Justisia: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, Perundang-Undangan Dan Pranata Sosial 3, no. 1 (2019): 90–115.
Mihradi, Raden Muhammad, Dinalara Dermawati Butar-Butar, Andi Muhammad Asrun, Bambang Heriyanto, and Niki Susanti. “Kewenangan Dewan Perwakilan Daerah Republik Indonesia Melakukan Pemantauan Dan Evaluasi Rancangan Peraturan Daerah Dan Peraturan Daerah Pasca Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 56/PUU-XIV/2016.” PALAR (Pakuan Law Review) 9, no. 1 (2023): 1–13.
Monitasari, Restu Gusti, Danial Danial, and Fatkhul Muin. “Authority Of The Board Of Regional Representatives To Monitor And Evaluate The Design Of Local Regulations And Local Regulations In Constitutional Perspective.” JHR (Jurnal Hukum Replik) 10, no. 1 (2022): 84–130.
Muhamad Saleh dan, and Muhammad Addi Fauzani. “Desain Metode Evaluasi Peraturan Daerah Terdampak Peraturan Yang Lebih Tinggi (Studi Atas Peraturan Daerah Terdampak Undang-Undang Tentang Cipta Kerja Dan Hubungan Keuangan Antara Pemerintah Pusat Dan Pemerintahan Daerah ).” Jurnal Legislasi Indonesia 19, no. 4 (2022): 477–91.
Muhammad Rifa’i, Hartati, A. Zarkasi. “Kewenangan Pengawasan Dewan Perwakilan Derah (DPD) Terhadap Rancangan Peraturan Daerah Dalam Perspektif Peraturan Perundang-Undangan.” Hangoluan Law Review 3, no. 2 (2024): 472–506.
Mulyani, Basri. “Menggagas Penataan Regulasi Dalam Pembentukan Peraturan Daerah Dengan Konsep Omnibus Law.” JURIDICA : Jurnal Fakultas Hukum Universitas Gunung Rinjani 3, no. 2 (2022): 61–78. https://doi.org/10.46601/juridica.v3i2.198.
Murray, Christina, Ferrell, Bezruki D, and Hughes J. “Speeding Transformation: NCOP’s Role in the Oversight Process,” 2017.
Omara, Andy, Joko Setiono, Muhammad Ibrahim, and Faiz Rahman. “Perkembangan Teori Dan Praktik Mengenai Parlemen Di Indonesia.” Mimbar Hukum Universitas Gadjah Mada 33, no. 1 (2021): 161–87.
Palenewen, Jovano Deivid Oleyver. “Structuring the Authority of the DPD RI as Consistency in the Bicameral System Penataan Kewenangan DPD RI Sebagai Konsistensi Dalam Sistem Bikameral,” n.d.
Peters, B Guy. Institutional Theory in Political Science: The New Institutionalism. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2019.
Prasojo, Eko. “Membangun Birokrasi Digital.” Fakultas Ilmu Administrasi Universitas Indonesia, 2021. https://fia.ui.ac.id/membangun-birokrasi-digital/.
Rahmad, Said R. “Kesiapan Pemerintah Aceh Dalam Deregulasi (Qanun Aceh) Dan Kebijakan Penanaman Modal.” Sumber: Http://Acehinstitute. Org/Wp-Content/Uploads/2014/10/KESIAPAN_ PEMERINTAH_ ACEH_ DALAM_DEREGULASI_QANUN_ACEH _DAN_KEBIJAKAN_PENANAMAN_ MODAL. Pdf. Diakses Tanggal 21 (2020).
Roqib, Muhammad. “Kewenangan Dewan Perwakilan Daerah Dalam Pengawasan Peraturan Daerah.” Jurnal Justiciabelen 4, no. 2 (2021): 11–18.
Ryantoni, Hanugra, John Pieris, Maruarar Siahaan, and Agustin Teras Narang. “Reconstructing The Relationship Regional Representative Council of The Republic of Indonesia with Regional Government for The Optimization of Regional Autonomy.” Pena Justisia: Media Komunikasi Dan Kajian Hukum 23, no. 3 (2024): 1861–77.
Sadono, Bambang. “Politik Hukum DPD RI Dalam Sistem UUD 1945 Pasca Amandemen.” Jurnal Majelis Media Aspirasi Konstitusi, 2017.
Sanjoyo, Seto, Sapriani Sapriani, Agus Setiawan, and Salma Suroyya. “Perizinan Berusaha Melalui Online Single Submission Sebagai Ketaatan Hukum Dalam Rangka Meningkatkan Investasi.” Borneo Law Review 4, no. 1 (2020): 64–78.
Satory, Agus, Yenny Febrianty, Widiyanti Rahayu Budi Astuti, and Aditya Fajri Kurnia Pradana. “Metode Penelitian Hukum.” Penerbit Tahta Media, 2024.
Suyanto. Metode Penelitian Hukum Pengantar Penelitian Normatif, Empiris Dan Gabungan. Edited by Suyanto. 1st ed. Jawa Tengah: Unigres Press, 2023.
Syam, Fauzi, Helmi Helmi, Eko Nuriyatman, Ivan Fauzani Rahardja, and Beny Saputra. “Why Should the Role of the House of Representatives in Monitoring and Reviewing Local Regulations Be Strengthened?” Journal of Indonesian Legal Studies 9, no. 1 (2024): 10–15294.
Wartoyo, Fransiscus Xaverius, and Teguh Prasetyo. “Optimalisasi Badan Pemerintah Daerah Terhadap UU No. 13 Tahun 2019 Tentang Pemantauan Dan Evaluasi Peraturan Daerah Perspektif Teori Keadilan Bermartabat.” Jurnal Lemhannas RI 10, no. 3 (2022): 165–76.
References
Alqarni, Wais, Muhammad Suhail Ghifari, Yuspani Asemki, Muhammad Rizki, Bela Safira, Isti Nindiah, Melida Rosa, Nuzulul Rahmi, Restu Fadhil, and Wahyuni Wahyuni. “Dynamics of Asymmetric Decentralization on the Implementation of Regional Autonomy in Aceh.” Journal of Governance and Public Policy 9, no. 3 (2022): 185–94.
Burman, Anirudh. “Legal Framework for the Parliamentary Oversight of the Executive in India.” NUJS L. Rev. 6 (2013): 387.
DICKSON, Jakob WIENEN and Stewart. “Local and Regional Democracy in Italy.” The Congress of Local and Regional Authorities. Vol. 33, 2014. https://wcd.coe.int/ViewDoc.jsp?Ref=CG(23)12&Language=lanEnglish&Ver=original&Site=Congress&BackColorInternet=C3C3C3&BackColorIntranet=CACC9A&BackColorLogged=EFEA9C.
DPD RI. “SENATOR.” Jakarta: 2023, n.d. https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/df/Majalah_Senator_Agustus_2023.pdf#:~:text=Menurut Haji Uma%2C pene%02rapan Qanun,undang. Kekhususan.
Felicia, Stefania A, Ridho B Septarianto, Harven F Taufik, Nurasyifah Khoirala, and I G N Anantha W Jayaningrat. “Eksistensi Dewan Perwakilan Daerah Sebagai Kamar Kedua Dalam Sistem Bikameral Di Indonesia.” Justitia Jurnal Hukum 4, no. 1 (2020).
Folco, Marco Di. “Il Nuovo Regolamento Della Commissione Parlamentare per Le Questioni Regionali Sulla Consultazione Delle Autonomie Territoriali : Un Passo Avanti Verso La Realizzazione Del Principio Di Leale Collaborazione Ne Procedimento Legislativo,” 2018.
Gomez, David Parra. “Legislative Oversight of Government in Argentina and Spain: Corollary and Proposals in Light of Their Comparative Analysis.” Revista Juridica Austral 5 (2024): 725.
Handoyo, Benediktus Hestu Cipto. “The Regional Representative Council (DPD RI) and Checks and Balances in Indonesia’s Legislative Process.” Jurnal Ius Constituendum 9, no. 3 (2024): 542–63.
Helmi. “Kewenangan Daerah Dalam Perizinan Berusaha Dalam UU Cipta Kerja.” Simbur Cahaya, no. 6 (2021): 15–39. https://doi.org/10.28946/sc.v28i2.1170.
Herawati, Ratna. “Peran Anggota Dewan Perwakilan Daerah Republik Indonesia Dalam Rangka Menyerap Aspirasi Daerah (Studi Kasus Di Provinsi Jawa Tengah).” LAW REFORM 3, no. 2 (2006): 60–81.
Huda, Ni’matul. Desentralisasi Asimetris Dalam Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia: Kajian Terhadap Daerah Istimewa, Daerah Khusus, Dan Otonomi Khusus. Bandung: Nusamedia, 2014.
Investasi, Kementerian. “Penghentian EODB Dan Kelanjutan Kemudahan Berusaha Di Indonesia.” Https://Www.Jentera.Ac.Id/, no. November (2021). https://www.jentera.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Jentera_Penghentian-EODB-dan-Kelanjutan-Kemudahan-Berusaha-di-Indonesia_Dendy-Apriandi_BKPM.pdf.
KPPOD. Evaluasi Setahun OSS: Studi Pelaksanaan PP No. 24 Tahun 2018 Di Daerah. Edited by Boedi Reza. Knowledge Sector Initiative. Jakarta: KPPOD, 2019. https://www.kppod.org/backend/files/laporan_penelitian/Evaluasi Setahun OSS-KPPOD.pdf.
Lutter, Randall. “The Role of Retrospective Analysis and Review in Regulatory Policy.” Northern Virginia, n.d.
Maidin, Andi M Rusdi, Moehamat Nurdin, Wahyudi Putera, Andi Tenri Ulmi, Indah Lestari Yahya, and Husnumul Hidayat. “Effectiveness of Licensing Services for Issuing Business Identification Numbers Through the Oss-Rba System at the Investment and One-Stop Integrated Service Office of Sinjai Regency.” THE American Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Research (THE AJHSSR), 2023.
Mangunsong, Nurainun. “Penataan Regulasi Perizinan Berusaha Di DIY.” Universitas Islam Indonesia, 2025.
Maulana, Rifqy, and Jamhir Jamhir. “Konsep Hukum Perizinan Dan Pembangunan.” Jurnal Justisia: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, Perundang-Undangan Dan Pranata Sosial 3, no. 1 (2019): 90–115.
Mihradi, Raden Muhammad, Dinalara Dermawati Butar-Butar, Andi Muhammad Asrun, Bambang Heriyanto, and Niki Susanti. “Kewenangan Dewan Perwakilan Daerah Republik Indonesia Melakukan Pemantauan Dan Evaluasi Rancangan Peraturan Daerah Dan Peraturan Daerah Pasca Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 56/PUU-XIV/2016.” PALAR (Pakuan Law Review) 9, no. 1 (2023): 1–13.
Monitasari, Restu Gusti, Danial Danial, and Fatkhul Muin. “Authority Of The Board Of Regional Representatives To Monitor And Evaluate The Design Of Local Regulations And Local Regulations In Constitutional Perspective.” JHR (Jurnal Hukum Replik) 10, no. 1 (2022): 84–130.
Muhamad Saleh dan, and Muhammad Addi Fauzani. “Desain Metode Evaluasi Peraturan Daerah Terdampak Peraturan Yang Lebih Tinggi (Studi Atas Peraturan Daerah Terdampak Undang-Undang Tentang Cipta Kerja Dan Hubungan Keuangan Antara Pemerintah Pusat Dan Pemerintahan Daerah ).” Jurnal Legislasi Indonesia 19, no. 4 (2022): 477–91.
Muhammad Rifa’i, Hartati, A. Zarkasi. “Kewenangan Pengawasan Dewan Perwakilan Derah (DPD) Terhadap Rancangan Peraturan Daerah Dalam Perspektif Peraturan Perundang-Undangan.” Hangoluan Law Review 3, no. 2 (2024): 472–506.
Mulyani, Basri. “Menggagas Penataan Regulasi Dalam Pembentukan Peraturan Daerah Dengan Konsep Omnibus Law.” JURIDICA : Jurnal Fakultas Hukum Universitas Gunung Rinjani 3, no. 2 (2022): 61–78. https://doi.org/10.46601/juridica.v3i2.198.
Murray, Christina, Ferrell, Bezruki D, and Hughes J. “Speeding Transformation: NCOP’s Role in the Oversight Process,” 2017.
Omara, Andy, Joko Setiono, Muhammad Ibrahim, and Faiz Rahman. “Perkembangan Teori Dan Praktik Mengenai Parlemen Di Indonesia.” Mimbar Hukum Universitas Gadjah Mada 33, no. 1 (2021): 161–87.
Palenewen, Jovano Deivid Oleyver. “Structuring the Authority of the DPD RI as Consistency in the Bicameral System Penataan Kewenangan DPD RI Sebagai Konsistensi Dalam Sistem Bikameral,” n.d.
Peters, B Guy. Institutional Theory in Political Science: The New Institutionalism. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2019.
Prasojo, Eko. “Membangun Birokrasi Digital.” Fakultas Ilmu Administrasi Universitas Indonesia, 2021. https://fia.ui.ac.id/membangun-birokrasi-digital/.
Rahmad, Said R. “Kesiapan Pemerintah Aceh Dalam Deregulasi (Qanun Aceh) Dan Kebijakan Penanaman Modal.” Sumber: Http://Acehinstitute. Org/Wp-Content/Uploads/2014/10/KESIAPAN_ PEMERINTAH_ ACEH_ DALAM_DEREGULASI_QANUN_ACEH _DAN_KEBIJAKAN_PENANAMAN_ MODAL. Pdf. Diakses Tanggal 21 (2020).
Roqib, Muhammad. “Kewenangan Dewan Perwakilan Daerah Dalam Pengawasan Peraturan Daerah.” Jurnal Justiciabelen 4, no. 2 (2021): 11–18.
Ryantoni, Hanugra, John Pieris, Maruarar Siahaan, and Agustin Teras Narang. “Reconstructing The Relationship Regional Representative Council of The Republic of Indonesia with Regional Government for The Optimization of Regional Autonomy.” Pena Justisia: Media Komunikasi Dan Kajian Hukum 23, no. 3 (2024): 1861–77.
Sadono, Bambang. “Politik Hukum DPD RI Dalam Sistem UUD 1945 Pasca Amandemen.” Jurnal Majelis Media Aspirasi Konstitusi, 2017.
Sanjoyo, Seto, Sapriani Sapriani, Agus Setiawan, and Salma Suroyya. “Perizinan Berusaha Melalui Online Single Submission Sebagai Ketaatan Hukum Dalam Rangka Meningkatkan Investasi.” Borneo Law Review 4, no. 1 (2020): 64–78.
Satory, Agus, Yenny Febrianty, Widiyanti Rahayu Budi Astuti, and Aditya Fajri Kurnia Pradana. “Metode Penelitian Hukum.” Penerbit Tahta Media, 2024.
Suyanto. Metode Penelitian Hukum Pengantar Penelitian Normatif, Empiris Dan Gabungan. Edited by Suyanto. 1st ed. Jawa Tengah: Unigres Press, 2023.
Syam, Fauzi, Helmi Helmi, Eko Nuriyatman, Ivan Fauzani Rahardja, and Beny Saputra. “Why Should the Role of the House of Representatives in Monitoring and Reviewing Local Regulations Be Strengthened?” Journal of Indonesian Legal Studies 9, no. 1 (2024): 10–15294.
Wartoyo, Fransiscus Xaverius, and Teguh Prasetyo. “Optimalisasi Badan Pemerintah Daerah Terhadap UU No. 13 Tahun 2019 Tentang Pemantauan Dan Evaluasi Peraturan Daerah Perspektif Teori Keadilan Bermartabat.” Jurnal Lemhannas RI 10, no. 3 (2022): 165–76.