Main Article Content

Abstract

Introduction
The development of Islamic banking in Indonesia shows great potential, but still faces literacy constraints, public trust, and low inclusion. The public understands the basic principles of Islamic banking but has not mastered the technical aspects of operations. Digital transformation, which is supposed to expand access to Islamic financial institutions, has not been optimally utilized due to informational barriers, risk perception, and quality of digital services.
Objectives
This study aims to analyze the relationship between Islamic banking literacy, trust, and inclusion, identify the main obstacles in the use of digital services of Islamic financial institutions, and formulate strategies that can break the cycle of problems related to low public understanding and participation. The study also evaluates how education, transparency, and digital innovation can increase engagement in Islamic banking.
Method
This study uses a descriptive quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design. Data was obtained through a structured questionnaire to 198 respondents in Makassar City. Descriptive statistical analysis is used to describe literacy, trust, and inclusion levels, as well as identify patterns of structural, informational, and perceptual barriers in the use of Islamic banking services, especially digital-based ones..
Results
The results show that public literacy is still at the level of basic and general understanding, public trust is low due to lack of transparency, while inclusion is hampered by lack of information, limited digital infrastructure, and negative perceptions. The adoption of sharia digital technology is very low despite the high ownership of smartphones. Key barriers include awareness, risk perception, and the quality of the app's user experience.
Implications
These findings confirm the need for strategies to improve operational literacy, institutional transparency, and digital innovation based on user needs. Strengthening regulations, optimizing the role of the Sharia Supervisory Board (Dewan Pengawas Syariah - DPS), and collaboration with fintech can increase trust and inclusion. The results of the research provide more effective policy direction and service design to accelerate the transformation of Islamic banking.
Originality/Novelty
This research offers a new perspective by integrating three variables—literacy, trust, and inclusion—in the digitalization of Islamic banking. The study highlights digital barriers from a user experience perspective, not just technology access. This approach results in innovative recommendations based on transparency, user experience, and more applicable educational strategies.

Keywords

digital transformation financial inclusion Islamic banking Islamic financial literacy public trust Sharia compliance user experience

Article Details

How to Cite
Hasan, H. A., Razaq, A. R. ., & Sa’aid, H. B. (2025). The challenges of literacy, inclusion, and public trust in the digital Islamic banking ecosystem: An urban context study in Indonesia. Journal of Islamic Economics Lariba, 12(1), 199–224. https://doi.org/10.20885/jielariba.vol12.iss1.art7

References

  1. Abbas, A., Triani, N., Rayyani, W. O., & Muchran, M. (2023). Earnings growth, marketability and the role of Islamic financial literacy and inclusion in Indonesia. Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, 14(7), 1088–1105. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIABR-12-2021-0322

  2. Abdul Rahim, M., Saadin, N. F., & Mohd Tamrin, M. I. (2023). The influence of Islamic governance disclosure on Islamic bank’s financial performance in Malaysia. International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance and Management Sciences, 13(2), Pages 843-856. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARAFMS/v13-i2/18026

  3. Abdullah, Z., Saleh, S., & Mujiyati. (2021). Determinant of Islamic financial inclusion in digital era: Cross-province analysis. An-Nisbah: Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah, 8(1), 59–80. https://doi.org/10.21274/an.v8i1.3912

  4. Adelaja, A. O., Umeorah, S. C., Abikoye, B. E., & Nezianya, M. C. (2024). Advancing financial inclusion through fintech: Solutions for unbanked and underbanked populations. World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 23(2), 427–438. https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2024.23.2.2379

  5. Ahamed, M. M., & Mallick, S. K. (2019). Is financial inclusion good for bank stability? International evidence. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 157, 403–427. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2017.07.027

  6. Ahmad, S., Lensink, R., & Mueller, A. (2023). Religion, social desirability bias and financial inclusion: Evidence from a list experiment on Islamic (micro-)finance. Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, 38, 100795. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbef.2023.100795

  7. Akande, J. O., Hosu, Y. S., Kabiti, H., Ndhleve, S., & Garidzirai, R. (2023). Financial literacy and inclusion for rural agrarian change and sustainable livelihood in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Heliyon, 9(6), e16330. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16330

  8. Akbar, F. M. A., Rosidta, A., & Lazuardi, A. (2024). Pengembangan model pembiayaan syariah untuk usaha mikro, kecil, dan menengah (UMKM) [Development of sharia financing models for micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs)]. Ar Rasyiid: Journal of Islamic Studies, 2(1), 29–38. https://doi.org/10.70367/arrasyiid.v2i1.17

  9. Alamir, I. (2024). Extended technology acceptance model (TAM) for evaluating digital banking adoption in Saudi Arabia. Scientific Journal of King Faisal University: Humanities and Management Sciences, 26(1), 63–70. https://doi.org/10.37575/h/mng/240043

  10. Al-Awlaqi, M. A., & Aamer, A. M. (2023). Islamic financial literacy and Islamic banks selection: An exploratory study using multiple correspondence analysis on banks’ small business customers. International Journal of Emerging Markets, 18(12), 6285–6299. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOEM-09-2021-1354

  11. Ali, M. M., Devi, A., Furqani, H., & Hamzah, H. (2020). Islamic financial inclusion determinants in Indonesia: An ANP approach. International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management, 13(4), 727–747. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMEFM-01-2019-0007

  12. Alwathan, R., & Nugraheni, P. (2021). Factors affecting customer loyalty of Islamic bank in Sumbawa City, Indonesia. Muqtasid: Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Perbankan Syariah, 12(2), 119–128. https://doi.org/10.18326/muqtasid.v12i2.119-128

  13. Alwi, M., Kara, M., Abdullah, M. W., & Fachrurrazy, M. (2022). Konsep Maqasid as Syariah dalam perbankan syariah [The concept of Maqasid as-Syariah in Islamic banking]. Al-Amwal : Journal of Islamic Economic Law, 7(2), 56–80. https://doi.org/10.24256/alw.v7i2.3549

  14. Ancu, R., Asriani, A., & Bulutoding, L. (2025). Implementasi akad mudharabah dalam perbankan syariah [Implementation of mudharabah contracts in Islamic banking]. Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen, Ekonomi Dan Kewirausahaan, 5(1), 288–296. https://doi.org/10.55606/jimek.v5i1.6104

  15. Aysan, A. F., Disli, M., Duygun, M., & Ozturk, H. (2018). Religiosity versus rationality: Depositor behavior in Islamic and conventional banks. Journal of Comparative Economics, 46(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2017.03.001

  16. Bananuka, J., Kasera, M., Najjemba, G. M., Musimenta, D., Ssekiziyivu, B., & Kimuli, S. N. L. (2019). Attitude: Mediator of subjective norm, religiosity and intention to adopt Islamic banking. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 11(1), 81–96. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-02-2018-0025

  17. Bidabad, B., Amirostovar, A., & Sherafati, M. (2017). Financial transparency, corporate governance and information disclosure of the entrepreneur’s corporation in Rastin banking. International Journal of Law and Management, 59(5), 636–651. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJLMA-01-2016-0003

  18. Chattha, J. A., & Alhabshi, S. M. S. J. (2017). Risk management in changing benchmark rates regime: Prudential implications for Islamic banks and supervisors. Journal of Islamic Finance, 6(Special Issue), 205–230. https://doi.org/10.12816/0047350

  19. Chitai, W., Wangari, L., Kama, B., & Mutua, J. (2024). E-banking strategies and financial performance of commercial banks in Kenya. International Journal of Finance and Accounting, 9(2), 62–80. https://doi.org/10.47604/ijfa.2591

  20. Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2023). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (6th ed.). SAGE.

  21. Djaafar, S. (2021). Maintaining sustainability of islamic microfinance with outreach and sharia compliance in Jambi. 328–336. https://doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.210305.059

  22. Djuwita, D., & Yusuf, A. A. (2018). Tingkat literasi keuangan syariah di kalangan UMKM dan dampaknya terhadap perkembangan usaha [The level of Islamic financial literacy among MSMEs and its impact on business development]. Al-Amwal : Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Perbankan Syari’ah, 10(1), 105. https://doi.org/10.24235/amwal.v10i1.2837

  23. Eid, Q. M. A., Al Houl, M. A. A., Alqudah, M. T. S., & Almomani, M. A.-A. (2023). The role of financial inclusion in the stability of islamic banks. International Journal of Professional Business Review, 8(4), e01214. https://doi.org/10.26668/businessreview/2023.v8i4.1214

  24. Faisol, F. (2017). Islamic bank financing and it’s impact on small medium enterprise’s performance. Etikonomi, 16(1), 13–24. https://doi.org/10.15408/etk.v16i1.4404

  25. Giovanis, A., Assimakopoulos, C., & Sarmaniotis, C. (2019). Adoption of mobile self-service retail banking technologies: The role of technology, social, channel and personal factors. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 47(9), 894–914. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJRDM-05-2018-0089

  26. Guizani, M., & Ajmi, A. N. (2022). Islamic banking and corporate investment efficiency: Empirical evidence from Malaysia. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 71(5), 1854–1871. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPPM-06-2020-0331

  27. Hadi, M. Q. A., Cahyo, E. N., & Budi, I. S. (2021). Marketing ethics at Islamic banks: Principles and practices. Journal of Islamic Economic Laws, 4(2), 17–41. https://doi.org/10.23917/jisel.v4i2.14716

  28. Hamadou, I., Hamidi, M. L., & Yumna, A. (2025). Potential customers’ intention to use Islamic banking products in Cameroon: The mediating effect of attitude. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 16(2), 373–401. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-10-2023-0322

  29. Harahap, B., & Risfandy, T. (2022). Islamic organization and the perception of riba (usury) and conventional banks among Muslims: Evidence from Indonesia. Sage Open, 12(2), 21582440221097931. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440221097931

  30. Hardyansah, R., Issalillah, F., Darmawan, D., Khayru, R. K., & Arifin, S. (2024). Analisis perilaku konsumen muslim dalam penggunaan layanan digital banking syariah: Studi literatur [Analysis of Muslim consumer behavior in the use of sharia digital banking services: A literature review]. Ekonomi, Keuangan, Investasi Dan Syariah (EKUITAS), 6(1), 30–35. https://doi.org/10.47065/ekuitas.v6i1.5145

  31. Haron, R., Abdul Subar, N., & Ibrahim, K. (2020). Service quality of Islamic banks: Satisfaction, loyalty and the mediating role of trust. Islamic Economic Studies, 28(1), 3–23. https://doi.org/10.1108/IES-12-2019-0041

  32. Hasan, H. A., Pagalung, G., & Kara, M. (2022). Determinan rate of return pada perbankan syariah [Determinants of rate of return in Islamic banking]. Jurnal Adz-Dzahab: Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Bisnis Islam, 7(2), 160–172. https://doi.org/10.47435/adz-dzahab.v7i2.1281

  33. Husna, A., Saputra, J., Majid, M. S. A., Marliyah, & Handayani, R. (2022). Sistem keuangan Islam dan konvensional: Sebuah studi literatur [Islamic and conventional financial systems: A literature review]. Jurnal EMT KITA, 6(1), 177–183. https://doi.org/10.35870/emt.v6i1.546

  34. Islam, J. U., & Rahman, Z. (2017). Awareness and willingness towards Islamic banking among Muslims: An Indian perspective. International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management, 10(1), 92–101. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMEFM-01-2016-0017

  35. Jedidia, K. B., & Boubakri, F. (2018). Islamic banking and the perspectives of savings mobilization in Tunisia. Journal of Islamic Financial Studies, 4(2), 89–102. https://doi.org/10.12785/jifs/040202

  36. Jusman, J., & Fauziah, I. (2024). Receptiveness of QRIS as a digital payment among MSME in Palopo City. Interdiciplinary Journal and Hummanity (INJURITY), 3(10), 718–728. https://doi.org/10.58631/injurity.v3i10.1234

  37. Karimah, L., Syahpawi, S., & Nurnasrina, N. (2024). Legal protection for sharia banking customers. Money: Journal of Financial and Islamic Banking, 2(2), 142–152. https://doi.org/10.31004/money.v2i2.24218

  38. Khan, M. S., Munir, S., & Mujtaba, A. (2021). The Islamic vs conventional banks: An evidence on the economic development. Journal of Social Research Development, 2(1), 68–81. https://doi.org/10.53664/JSRD/02-01-2021-07-68-81

  39. Kismawadi, E. R. (2024). Contribution of Islamic banks and macroeconomic variables to economic growth in developing countries: Vector error correction model approach (VECM). Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, 15(2), 306–326. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIABR-03-2022-0090

  40. Kristanto HC, R. H. (2022). Adoption of Islamic banking in financial satisfaction: Study on Bank Syariah Indonesia Yogyakarta Region. Jurnal Riset Akuntansi Dan Bisnis Airlangga, 7(2), 1300–1318. https://doi.org/10.20473/jraba.v7i2.37205

  41. Kurniawan, A. (2024). Penggunaan teknologi: Kajian niat perilaku dalam menggunakan layanan financial technology syariah (Studi pada Generasi Millenial di Kota Bandar Lampung) [Use of technology: A study of behavioral intentions in using sharia financial technology services (A study of millennials in Bandar Lampung City)]. Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis Dan Kewirausahaan, 8(4), 970–982. https://doi.org/10.24912/jmbk.v8i4.29523

  42. Lestari, S., Adawiyah, W. R., Alhamidi, A. L., Prayogi, J., & Haryanto, R. (2024). Navigating perilous seas: Unmasking online banking frauds, perceived usefulness, fear of cybercrime and distrust in online banking. Safer Communities, 23(4), 444–464. https://doi.org/10.1108/SC-04-2024-0018

  43. Mahdzan, N. S., Zainudin, R., & Au, S. F. (2017). The adoption of Islamic banking services in Malaysia. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 8(3), 496–512. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-08-2015-0064

  44. Malik, Dr. M., & Shahzad, Dr. I. (2025). Digital disruption in Islamic finance: A comparative study of FinTech in Islamic and conventional financial systems (2020–2025). Journal of Accounting and Finance in Emerging Economies, 11(1), 49–56. https://doi.org/10.26710/jafee.v11i1.3294

  45. Manzoor, S. S., & Amjad, A. (2022). A survey on financial inclusion: Theoretical and empirical literature review. Journal of Policy Research, 8(4), 310–330. https://jprpk.com/index.php/jpr/article/view/172

  46. Maraliza, H. (2024). The effect of islamic financial socialization and education on public interest in using Islamic banking services. Nomico, 1(8), 113–124. https://doi.org/10.62872/dgtfr826

  47. Maulana, M. I., & Suyono, E. (2023). Pengaruh litersi keuangan dan literasi digital terhadap keberlanjutan bisnis pelaku UMKM berbasis syariah [The influence of financial literacy and digital literacy on the sustainability of sharia-based MSME businesses]. Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Islam, 9(3), 4256–4271. https://doi.org/10.29040/jiei.v9i3.10856

  48. Memon, M. A., Thurasamy, R., Ting, H., & Cheah, J.-H. (2024). Purposive sampling: A review and guidelines for quantitative research. Journal of Applied Structural Equation Modeling, 9(1), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.47263/JASEM.9(1)01

  49. Mujiatun, S., Trianto, B., Cahyono, E. F., & Rahmayati. (2023). The impact of marketing communication and Islamic financial literacy on Islamic financial inclusion and MSMEs performance: Evidence from Halal tourism in Tndonesia. Sustainability, 15(13), 9868. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15139868

  50. Muslichah, M., Putra, Y. H. S., Abdullah, R., & Usry, A. K. (2023). Islamic financial literacy and financial inclusion: Examining the intervening role of financial self-efficacy. International Journal of Islamic Economics and Finance (IJIEF), 6(2), 181–200. https://doi.org/10.18196/ijief.v6i2.16384

  51. Nada, N. & Mugiyati. (2024). Dinamika lembaga dan aset lembaga perbankan syariah di Indonesia (Total lembaga dan aset 2019 – Mei 2023). Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Islam, 10(1), 903–910. https://doi.org/10.29040/jiei.v10i1.11937

  52. Nazeer, S., Manzoor, S. M., & Khalil, M. (2023). Perceptions and realities: Investigating barriers to adopt Islamic banking in Pakistan. Journal of Business Administration and Management Sciences (JOBAMS), 5(2), 101–108. https://doi.org/10.58921/jobams.5.2.114

  53. Ngaha, R. P., & Mbenda, S. P. M. (2024). Bank employees’ perception of Islamic finance in a non-Islamic developing country: The case of Cameroon. Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, 15(6), 897–910. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIABR-06-2022-0142

  54. Nursaid, N., Smith, Z., & Dhakal, A. (2023). Development of Islamic economics and practices in Indonesia (2013-2023): Opportunities and challenges. Revenue Journal: Management and Entrepreneurship, 1(1), 51–63. https://doi.org/10.61650/rjme.v1i1.323

  55. Nursari, A., Atahau, A. D. R., & Sakti, I. M. (2022). Do the saving interest in Islamic banks affected by financial literacy and religiosity? Jurnal Penelitian, 19(1), 35–45. https://doi.org/10.26905/jp.v19i1.8286

  56. Nuswantoro, P. (2024). Encouraging economic growth through Islamic financial principles in Indonesia. West Science Islamic Studies, 2(2), 91–97. https://doi.org/10.58812/wsiss.v2i02.806

  57. Otoritas Jasa Keuangan. (2023). Statistik Perbankan Syariah Juni 2023 [Islamic Banking Statistics June 2023]. Otoritas Jasa Keuangan. https://ojk.go.id/id/kanal/syariah/data-dan-statistik/statistik-perbankan-syariah/Pages/Statistik-Perbankan-Syariah---Juni-2023.aspx

  58. Otoritas Jasa Keuangan. (2024). Survei Nasional Literasi dan Inklusi Keuangan (SNLIK) 2024 [2024 National Survey on Financial Literacy and Inclusion]. Otoritas Jasa Keuangan. https://ojk.go.id/id/berita-dan-kegiatan/publikasi/Pages/Survei-Nasional-Literasi-dan-Inklusi-Keuangan-(SNLIK)-2024.aspx

  59. Phil-Ugochukwu, A. I. (2024). Informal financial savings practices to facilitate formal financial inclusion. World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 24(3), 1970–1979. https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2024.24.3.3779

  60. Pinasti, U. S., & Achiria, S. (2024). The effect of financial literacy and financial capability on the interest in social investment-based cash waqf linked Sukuk investment. Journal of Islamic Economics Lariba, 10(2), 999–1020. https://doi.org/10.20885/jielariba.vol10.iss2.art20

  61. Pradini, A. Y., & Faozan, A. (2023). Sharia financial literacy and inclusion: Opportunities and challenges. Al-Mustashfa: Jurnal Penelitian Hukum Ekonomi Syariah, 8(2), 205–214. https://doi.org/10.24235/jm.v8i2.15406

  62. Prasaja, A. S., & Rahma, S. (2024). Pemetaan dan pemodelan minat menabung masyarakat di Bank Syariah Indonesia Jambi [Mapping and modeling of the savings interests of the community at Bank Syariah Indonesia Jambi]. Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Islam, 10(1), 999–1008. https://doi.org/10.29040/jiei.v10i1.12271

  63. Puteri, H. E. (2023). Decision to adopt islamic banking: Examining the effects of disposable income and Islamic financial literacy. Journal of Economics, Finance and Management Studies, 6(8), 3866–3876. https://doi.org/10.47191/jefms/v6-i8-35

  64. Rahmatika, D., Andriansyah, Y., & Qubbaja, A. (2024). Enhancing Sharia compliance: Evaluating supervisory roles in a rural Islamic bank in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Journal of Islamic Economics Lariba, 10(2), 1241–1264. https://doi.org/10.20885/jielariba.vol10.iss2.art29

  65. Riza, A. F., & Wijayanti, D. M. (2024). Strengthening a sustainable Islamic financial industry through digital banking. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 15(11), 2732–2758. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-01-2023-0025

  66. Rohmania, A. S., Sholihah, E., & Nurhapsari, R. (2023). Developing Islamic financial literacy in improving Islamic financial behavior towards the financial well-being of MSMEs: The moderating effect of e-payment usage. Journal of Islamic Economics Lariba, 9(2), 293–310. https://doi.org/10.20885/jielariba.vol9.iss2.art2

  67. Saifurrahman, A., & Kassim, S. H. (2024). Regulatory issues inhibiting the financial inclusion: A case study among Islamic banks and MSMEs in Indonesia. Qualitative Research in Financial Markets, 16(4), 589–617. https://doi.org/10.1108/QRFM-05-2022-0086

  68. Sarasi, V., Nugraha, D. S., Fadillah, A., Aulia, S., Farras, J. I., & Fahri Setiono, M. (2025). Improving zakat management with QRIS: A system thinking approach to boost financial literacy and inclusion. Journal of Islamic Economics Lariba, 11(1), 333–356. https://doi.org/10.20885/jielariba.vol11.iss1.art13

  69. Sinulingga, C. P., Soemitra, A., & Aslami, N. (2023). Analysis of the literacy level of health workers regarding Islamic life insurance at the Ofa Padang Mahondang Community Health Center. Journal of Islamic Economics Lariba, 9(1), 115–130. https://doi.org/10.20885/jielariba.vol9.iss1.art7

  70. Stewart, H., & Jürjens, J. (2018). Data security and consumer trust in FinTech innovation in Germany. Information & Computer Security, 26(1), 109–128. https://doi.org/10.1108/ICS-06-2017-0039

  71. Sudarsono, H., Afandi, A., & Perdana, A. R. A. (2023). Determinants of consumer decisions to adopt Islamic banking services in Indonesia. Amwaluna: Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Keuangan Syariah, 7(1), 144–161. https://doi.org/10.29313/amwaluna.v7i1.8214

  72. Suib, M. S., & Amelia, L. (2024). Literasi perbankan syariah untuk meningkatkan akselerasi inklusi keuangan (Studi pada Bank Syariah Indonesia (BSI) KCP Probolinggo) [Sharia banking literacy to accelerate financial inclusion (A study of Bank Syariah Indonesia (BSI) KCP Probolinggo)]. Wadiah, 8(2), 261–284. https://doi.org/10.30762/wadiah.v8i2.1449

  73. Suseno, I., Yohanna, L., & Sondari, E. (2021). Islamic financial literacy and management for MSMEs. Proceeding of the International Conference on Family Business and Entrepreneurship, 2(1), 76–85. https://doi.org/10.33021/icfbe.v2i1.3540

  74. Syaliha, A., Sutieman, E., Pasolo, M. R., & Pattiasina, V. (2022). The effect of financial literacy, life style, financial attitude and locus of control to financial management behavior. PUBLIC POLICY (Jurnal Aplikasi Kebijakan Publik & Bisnis), 3(1), 52–71. https://doi.org/10.51135/PublicPolicy.v3.i1.p52-71

  75. Trimulato, T., Nafis, M. C., & Amalia, E. (2022). The role Sharia fintech support sustanaible development goals program (SDGs). Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Islam, 8(1), 251–259. https://doi.org/10.29040/jiei.v8i1.3911

  76. Wijaya, I. F., Hakim, A. R., Saputro, N., & Mulyadi, M. (2019). Religiosity level and saving decisions in Baitul Maal wat Tamwil: The case of Indonesia. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 11(6), 1465–1483. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-09-2018-0160

  77. Yati, A. (2024). The effect of Islamic financial socialization and education on public interest in using Islamic banking services. Nomico, 1(5), 29–41. https://doi.org/10.62872/a36kga52

  78. Zusryn, A. S., Rofi’i, M., & Gani, A. N. (2021). Islamic financial literacy program in Generation Z Islamic senior high school students. Abdimas: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Universitas Merdeka Malang, 6(4), 541–551. https://doi.org/10.26905/abdimas.v6i4.5365