Article Sidebar

Fiqh Al-Muwatanah Nahdlatul Ulama's Interpretation About Citizenship
Submitted
August 8, 2021
Accepted
October 29, 2021
Published
December 26, 2021
Download
PDF Review Reports
Statistic
Read Counter : 652 Download : 363

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Main Article Content

Abstract

This article examines the influence and challenges of fiqh al-muwatanah in Indonesia. The discussion of this article focuses on a description of the pros and cons of the al-muwatinun concept offered by Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) and the challenges faced in implementing it. The method used is a literature study with a historical and comparative approach, then analyzed using content analysis. The research findings show that al-muwatinun as a socio-political concept is a new term that will not be found in the treasures of classical Islamic thought. Al-muwatinun is a product of NU ulama's ijtihad as a response to the strengthening of takfiri in Indonesia. Al-muwatinun contains values and teachings about equality, justice, and equality is a continuation of the mission brought by al-muwatinun to form a tolerant and peaceful society by eliminating the mention of infidels non-Muslims. All Indonesian people have the same status, whether Muslim or non-Muslim, and there is no majority or minority. Al-muwatinun is a form of fiqh typical of the archipelago. This idea has been started by previous Muslim thinkers who tried to contextualize Islamic law in Indonesia. On the other hand, the al-muwatinun concept shows NU's consistency in guarding the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia (NKRI).

Article Details

License

Copyright (c) 2021 Muh. Sholihuddin

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY-SA) 4.0 License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work’s authorship and initial publication in this journal.

How to Cite
Sholihuddin, M. (2021). Fiqh Al-Muwatanah: Nahdlatul Ulama’s Interpretation About Citizenship. Millah: Journal of Religious Studies, 21(1), 149–182. https://doi.org/10.20885/millah.vol21.iss1.art6
Download Citation
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)
BibTeX
Crossref
Scopus
Google Scholar
Europe PMC

References

  1. Azhari, Subhi dan Halili. Indeks Kota Toleran (Ikt) Tahun 2020 (Jakarta: Pustaka Masyarakat Setara, 2020.
  2. Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS). Kewarganegaraan, Suku Bangsa, Agama, dan Bahasa Sehari-hari Penduduk Indonesia Hasil Sensus Penduduk 2010. Jakarta: Badan Pusat statistic, 2010.
  3. Bruinessen, Martin Van. NU: Tradisi, Relasi-relasi Kuasa, Pencarian Wacana Baru. Yogyakarta: Elkis,1994.
  4. CNN Indonesia News. “Berasal dari Alquran, Kata ‘Kafir’ Bukan Bentuk Penghinaan pada Non-Muslim, cnnindonesia.com, Realease 2 Maret 2019, https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20190302165124-32-374019/fui-sebut-fatwa-nu-non-muslim-bukan-kafir-bermotif-politis.
  5. Dahlan, Abdul Aziz (et.al). Ensiklopedi Hukum Islam, Jilid 3. (Jakarta: Ichtiar van Hoeve, 1996.
  6. Darajat, Zakiah. Dasar-Dasar Agama Islam. Jakarta: Bulan Bintang 1980.
  7. Effendy, Bahtiar. Re-Politisasi Islam: Pernahkah Islam Berhenti Berpolitik?. Bandung: Mizan, 2000.
  8. Esack, Farid. Membebaskan Yang Tertindas: Alquran, Liberalisme, Pluralism, Terj. Watung A. Budiman. Bandung: Mizan, 2000.
  9. Fitriani, dan Siti Aisyah. “Konsep Kafir dalam Pandangan Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) dan Forum Umat Islam (FUI) Sumatera Utara”, Studia Sosia Religia, Volume 2 Nomor 2, Juli-Desember 2019: 37, 288-289. http://dx.doi.org/10.51900/ssr.v2i2.6485
  10. Ghazali, Abd. Rohim. “Kerukunan Antarumat dan Peran Ulama” dalam Andito (ed.), Atas Nama Agama: Wacana Agama dalam Dialog “Bebas” Konflik. Bandung: Pustaka Hidayah,1998.
  11. Hadi, Sutrisno. Metodologi Research I. Yogyakarta: Yayasan Penerbit Fak. Psikologi UGM, 1995.
  12. Haidar, M. Ali. Nahdatul Ulama dan Islam di Indonesia, Pendekatan Fiqih dalam Politik. Jakarta: Gramedia, 1998.
  13. Handayani, Febri. “Toleransi Beragama dalam Perspektif Ham Di Indonesia”, Toleransi: Media Komunikasi Ilmiah Umat Beragama, Vol 2, No 1 (2010): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.24014/trs.v2i1.426
  14. Haq, Fajar Riza Ul. “Sambutan Maarif Institut”, Fikih Kebinekaan. Bandung: Mizan Media Utama, 2015.
  15. Haryanto, Sri. “Pendekatan Historis dalam Studi Islam”, Manurul Qur’an: Jurnal Ilmiah Studi Islam, VOL 17 NO 1 (2017), 131, https://doi.org/10.32699/mq.v17i1.927
  16. Hawa, Said. al-Islam, Terj. Abdul Hayyi al-Kattani, dkk. Jakarta: Gema Insani Press, 2004.
  17. Hazairin. Hukum Kewarganegaraan Nasional, Edisi ke-3. Jakarta: Tintamas, 1982.
  18. Hitti, Philip K. History of the Arabs. London: The MacMillan Press, 1974.
  19. Hui, Jennifer Yang. "The Internet in Indonesia: Development and Impact of Radical Websites," Studies in Conflict & Terrorism 33, no. 2 (January 21, 2010): 16. https://doi.org/10.1080/10576100903400605
  20. Iqbal, Asep M. “Internet, Identity and Islamic Movements: The Case of Salafism in Indonesia,” Islamika Indonesiana 1, no. 1 (June 7, 2014): 81–105. https://doi.org/10.15575/isin.v1i1.42
  21. Izutsu, Toshihiko. Konsep Kepercayaan dalam Teologi Islam. Yogyakarta: Tiara Wacana Yogya, 1994.
  22. JPPN News. “Daftar Provinsi Intoleran berdasar Hasil Riset SETARA Institute”, jppn.com, release 24 Nopember 2019, https://www.jpnn.com/news/daftar-provinsi-intoleran-berdasar-hasil-riset-setara-institute.
  23. JPPN News. “Survei LSI: Mayoritas Muslim Indonesia Intoleran dalam Urusan Politik”, jppn.com, release 03 Nopember 2019, https://www.jpnn.com/news/survei-lsi-mayoritas-muslim-indonesia-intoleran-dalam-urusan-politik.
  24. Junaedi, Mahfud. Ilmu Pendidikan Islam Filsafat Dan Pengembangan. Semarang: Rasail, 2010.
  25. Karna News. “M. Din Syamsuddin: Seputar Polemik Tentang Kafir”, karna.id, Release 7 Maret 2019, https://karna.id/m-din-syamsuddin-seputar-polemik-tentang-kafir/.
  26. Kompas News. “NU Usul Non-Muslim di Indonesia Tak Disebut Kafir”, kompas.com, Received 01 Maret 2019, https://regional.kompas.com/read/2019/03/01/12404031/nu-usul-non-muslim-di-indonesia-tak-disebut-kafir?page=all.
  27. Maarif, Ahmad Syafii. Islam dan Pancasila sebagai sebagai Dasar Negara, Studi tentang Perdebatan dalam Konstituante. Jakarta: Pustaka LP3ES, 2006.
  28. Madjid, Nurcholis. “Menyegarkan Paham Keagamaan di Kalangan Umat Islam Indonesia,” dalam Islam, Kemoderenan dan Keindonesiaan. Bandung: Mizan, 1987.
  29. Mahfud, Salah. Solusi Hukum Islam: Keputusan Muktamar, Munas dan Konbes NU 1926-2004, Cet. III. Kudus: Khalista, 2007.
  30. Malik, Dedy Djamaluddin dan Idi Subandy Ibrahim. Zaman Baru Islam Indonesia; Pemikiran dan Aksi Politik Abdurrahman Wahid, M. Amien Rais, Nurcholis Madjid, Jalaluddin Rakhmat, Cet. 1. Bandung: Zaman Wacana Mulia, 1998.
  31. Mas’udi, Masdar F. Agama Keadilan: Risalah Zakat (pajak) dalam Islam, Edisi ke-3. Jakarta: P3M, 1993).
  32. Medcom News. “JK: Nonmuslim Sebutan Lembut Kafir, medcom.id, Release 12 Maret 2019, https://www.medcom.id/nasional/peristiwa/Obzqy4dN-jk-nonmuslim-sebutan-lembut-kafir.
  33. Mu’in, M. Taib Thahor Abdul. Ilmu Kalam. Jakarta: Widjaya, 1997.
  34. Muharam, Ricky Santoso. “Membangun Toleransi Umat Beragama Di Indonesia Berdasarkan Konsep Deklarasi Kairo (Creating Religion Tolerance in Indonesia Based on the Declaration of Cairo Concept)”, Jurnal HAM, Volume 11, Nomor 2, Agustus 2020: 270. http://dx.doi.org/10.30641/ham.2020.11.269-283
  35. Mulia, Musda. “Negara Islam – Pemikiran Politik Husain Haikal”. Disertasi--IAIN Syarif Hidayatullah, Jakarta 1997.
  36. PTIQ News. “Polemik Kafir Atau Non Muslim Terjawab Dalam Seminar Nasional di Institut PTIQ Jakarta”, ptiq.ac.id, Received 14 Maret 2019, https://ptiq.ac.id/2019/03/15/polemik-kafir-atau-non-muslim-terjawab-dalam-seminar-nasional-di-institut-ptiq-jakarta/.
  37. Qardawi (al), Yusuf. Pedoman Bernegara Dalam Perspektif Islam, Terj. Kathur Suhadi. Jakarta: Pustaka Al Kautsar, 1999.
  38. Qodir, Zuli. “Kaum Muda, Intoleransi, dan Radikalisme Agama”, Jurnal Studi Pemuda, Vol. 5, No. 1, Mei 2016: 432, 436-437. https://doi.org/10.22146/studipemudaugm.37127
  39. Qudsy, Saifuddin Zuhri dan Althaf Husein Muzakky. “Dinamika Ngaji Online Dalam Tagar Gus Baha (#Gusbaha): Studi Living Qur’an di Media Sosial”, Poros Onim, Volume 2, Nomor 1, Juni 2021: 13-15. https://doi.org/10.53491/porosonim.v2i1.48
  40. Rasyid, Muhammad Makmun. “Islam Rahmatan Lil Alamin Perspektif KH. Hasyim Muzadi”, Episteme, Vol. 11, No. 1, Juni 2016: 107. https://doi.org/10.21274/epis.2016.11.1.93-116
  41. Republika News. “Said Aqil Jelaskan Perbedaan Kafir dan Non-Muslim, republika.or.id, Release, 01 Maret 2019, https://www.republika.co.id/berita/pnogps409/said-aqil-jelaskan-perbedaan-kafir-dan-nonmuslim.
  42. Salim, M. Arskal. Challenging The Secular State: The Islamization of Law in Modern Indonesia. Hawa'i: University of Hawai'i Press, 2008.
  43. SETARA Institute. Siaran Pers Launching Laporan Kondisi Kebebasan Beragama/Berkeyakinan Di Indonesia Tahun 2020 (Jakarta, 6 April 2021).
  44. Setyabudi, Muhammad Nur Prabowo. “Konsep dan Matra Konsepsi Toleransi dalam Pemikiran Rainer Forst”, Jurnal Filsafat Indonesia, Vol 3 No 3 Tahun 2020: 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.23887/jfi.v3i3.24895
  45. Shiddieqy, Hasbi Ash. Syari’at Islam Menjawab Tantangan Zaman. Yogyakarta: IAIN Sunan Kalijaga, 1961.
  46. Sholihuddin, Muh. “Kontruksi Fikih Kebangsaan Nahdlatul Ulama (Kajian terhadap Peran NU dalam Perspektif Fiqh Siyasah)”, Al-Qanun: Jurnal Pemikiran dan Pembaharuan Hukum Islam, Vol. 24, No. 1, Juni 2021.
  47. Sjadzali, Munawir. “Reaktualisasi Ajaran Islam”, dalam Polemik Reaktualisasi Ajaran Islam, ed., Iqbal Abdurrauf Sainima. Jakarta: Pustaka Panjimas, 1980.
  48. Suara News. “Pro Kontra Penghapusan Panggilan Kafir untuk Non Muslim”, Suara.com, Release 07 Maret 2019, https://www.suara.com/news/2019/03/07/073000/pro-kontra-penghapusan-panggilan-kafir-untuk-non-muslim?page=all.
  49. Sulaiman, Ibnu. Anda Muslim atau Kafir?, cet. 2. Jakarta: Arista,1994.
  50. Syafruddin, Didin dan Ismatu Ropi (Ed.). Gen Z: Kegalauan Identitas Keagamaan. Jakarta: PPIM-UIN Jakarta, 2018.
  51. Syeirazi, M. Kholid. “Tentang Non-Muslim Bukan Kafir”, nu.co.id, Release, 02 Maret 2019, https://www.nu.or.id/post/read/103224/tentang-non-muslim-bukan-kafir.
  52. Tirto News. “Kata Pemuda Muhammadiyah Soal Usul NU Tak Sebut Kafir ke Non-Islam”, Tirto.id, Release 1 Maret 2019, https://tirto.id/kata-pemuda-muhammadiyah-soal-usul-nu-tak-sebut-kafir-ke-non-islam-didc.
  53. Usman, Mukhish. Kaidah-kaidah Ushuliyyah dan Fiqhiyayah. Jakarta: Gema Insani Press, 2000.
  54. Wahid, Abdurrahman. Islamku, Islam Anda, Islam Kita. Jakarta: Wahid Institute, 2006.
  55. Wahid, Wawan Gunawan Abdul dkk. Fikih Kebhinekaan. Bandung: Mizan Pustaka, 2015.
  56. Zaini. “Penguatan Pendidikan Toleransi Sejak Usia Dini (Menanamkan Nilai-Nilai Toleransi Dalam Pluralisme Beragama Pada Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini (Paud) di Kabupaten tulungagung Tahun 2010)”, Toleransi: Media Komunikasi Ilmiah Umat Beragama, Vol 2, No 1 (2010): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.24014/trs.v2i1.423
  57. Zakariya, Abi Husain Ahmad Ibn Faris Ibn. Mu’jam Maqayisu al-Lughati li tahqiq Abd al-Salam Muhammad Harun, Vol. 2 (Beirut: Dar al-Fikr, 1979.
  58. Yunis, Mohammed Politik Pengkafiran dan Petaka Kaum Beriman, Terj. Dahyal Afkar. Yogyakarta: Nuansa Aksara, 2006.
  59. Yunus, Mahmud. Kamus Arab Indonesia. Jakarta: Yayasan Penyelenggara Penterjemah Pentafsir al-Qur’an, 1973.