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Abstract
This study aimed to reveal the extent to which a sample of parents were found to practice Islamic child-rearing methods to modify stubborn behavior in their children. In addition, it aims to demonstrate the extent to which there are statistically significant differences in the level of parents’ practice of Islamic child-rearing methods in modifying stubborn behavior in children based on the variables of social role, level of education, employment status, and the number of children. The study adopted the descriptive analytical approach using the field survey method as it was deemed well-fitted to the nature of the study and its objectives. To achieve the objectives of the study, a questionnaire was constructed to collect data from parents. The sample consisted of 317 fathers and mothers, who were selected via the convenience method during the first semester of the academic year 2021-2022. The study revealed a set of important results. Most prominently, the extent to which parents practice Islamic parenting methods in modifying stubborn behavior in children was high, with the method of encouragement being most commonly used, and the method of exclusion (isolation) being the least used. The results also indicated that there were no statistically significant differences at the significance level (α = 0.05) based on the variables of social role, educational level, and employment status. There are significant differences between the arithmetic averages due to the variable of the number of children. The study recommended encouraging institutions concerned with the family in Jordanian society to focus their attention on conducting training courses for mothers and fathers, to help them learn and practice behavior modification strategies as found in Islamic teachings and to provide them with appropriate support materials for doing so.
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References
Abbasi, D. (2020). Stubbornness. Bulletin Issued by the Rosary Sisters School, (3). http://www.rosaryirs.com/2021/22.pdf
Abdel Majeed, F., Nasr, S., & Hassan, N. (2015). Discrimination in parental treatment as perceived by children and its relationship to some behavioral problems among a sample of children aged (9-12) years. Journal of Childhood Studies, 18(67), 73-78.
Abu Asaad, A. (2014). Human behavior modification: Theory and practice (2nd edition). Dar Al Masirah for Publishing, Distribution and Printing.
Abu Asaad, A. and Al-Sarayrah, A. (2011). Problems in kindergarten children (1st edition). Dar Haneen for Publishing and Distribution.
Abu Duff, M. (2006). The Messenger’s approach to evaluating behavior and how to benefit from it in our contemporary education. The Conference on Developing Programs in Colleges of Education in the Arab World in Light of Local and International Developments, February 8-9, 2006. College of Education, Zagazig University, Egypt.
Abu Gharbiyeh, S. (2006). Behavior modification (1st edition). Yafa Scientific Publishing and Distribution House.
Abu Lihia, N. a.-D. (2017). Educational methods and their legal controls. A scientific study on the methods of raising children and their legal controls (2nd edition). Dar Al Anwar for Publishing and Distribution.
Abu Saad, M. (2021). Our children and their need for acceptance. Shaid al-Fawaid. http://www.saaid.net/tarbiah/260.htm.
Al-Adawi, K. (2021). The phenomenon of stubbornness in children. Gulf Children Magazine. http://www.gulfkids.com/ar/index.php?action=show_art&ArtCat=10&id=85
Al-Basri, B. (2018). Punishment and extinguishing. Lecture 2. p. 1. Department of Education and Psychology. College of Education for Human Sciences. University of Babylon. Babylon University Network. Lecture date: 4/1/2018.
Al-Bukhari, M. (2002). Sahih Al-Bukhari (1st edition, Magazine 1). Dar Ibn Katheer for Printing and Publishing.
Al-Desouki, M. (2014). The effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy in treating conduct disorder and stubbornness and defiant disorder in children and adolescents at risk. The research and working papers of the Fourth Scientific Conference: Education and human building in light of democratic transformations. Faculty of Education. Menoufia University, Egypt, 123-154.
Al-Eid, S. (2005). Ways to protect children from deviance from an Islamic perspective (1st edition). Dar Al-Watan for Publishing and Distribution.
Al-Fasfus, A. (2006). Methods of modifying human behavior (1st edition). Dunya Al Watan.
Al-Ghazali, M. (2005). Revival of religious sciences (1st edition). Dar Ibn Hazm for Printing, Publishing and Distribution.
Al-Hadri, K. (1998). Preventive education in Islam and the extent to which secondary schools benefit from it [Doctoral dissertation, Umm Al-Qura University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia].
Al-Hassi, H. Noah, M., & Ibn Hamzah, M. (2017). Behavioral problems in early childhood as perceived by mothers. Al-Rasikhoon, 3(1), 1-20.
Ali, A. (2015). Behavior modification methods derived from the Holy Qur’an and their educational applications. Research of the Qur’an Education Forum, Curricula and Experiments. Umm Al-Qura University, Saudi Arabia.
Ali, M. (2015). Stubbornness and aggression among pre-school children and their relationship to parental control: a field study in Karari locality [Master’s Thesis, Faculty of Education, Omdurman Islamic University, Sudan].
Al-Khalidi, A. M. & Wahbi, K. (1997). Psychological and mental illnesses and behavioral disorders in children (1st edition). Dar Al-Fikr Al-Arabi.
Al-Khatib, J. (2003). Modifying human behavior (1st edition). Al-Falah Library for Publishing and Distribution.
Al-Kuwari, S. (1998). Mental health problems in children: Stubbornness and rebellion. Educational Horizons Magazine, (12), 138-139.
Al-Lahlah, A. & Abu Bakr, M. (2002). Scientific research: Its definition, steps, methods, statistical concepts. Al-Darar University.
Al-Maliki, M. (1994). Self-control in Islamic education [Master’s thesis. Department of Islamic and Comparative Education, Faculty of Education, Umm Al-Qura University, Saudi Arabia].
Al-Nabulsi, M. (1994). Raising children in Islam. Nabulsi Encyclopedia https://tinyurl.com/24upzj75
Al-Nahlawi, A. R. (2007). Principles of Islamic education and its methods in the home, school and society (25th edition. C1). Dar Al-Fikr for Printing and Publishing.
Al-Othman, I. (2011). Building and modifying children's behavior is a guide for specialists and parents (1st edition). Ithra Publishing and Distribution.
Al-Qaradawi, Y. (2017). Ethics of Islam (1st edition). Center for Studies of Islamic Legislation and Ethics.
Al-Qur’an, J. & Al-Atili, K. (2016). The effectiveness of a group counseling program based on cognitive behavioral therapy in reducing stubborn behavior among female students in early adolescence. Journal of Educational Science Studies, 43(Supplement 5), 2105-2117.
Al-Rousan, F. (2010). Modifying and building human behavior. (11th edition). Dar Al Fikr for Printing, Publishing and Distribution.
Al-Saidi, F. (2009). The Prophetic educational methods used in guidance and behavior modification and how to implement them with secondary school students (a proposed scenario) [Master’s thesis, Department of Islamic and Comparative Education, Faculty of Education, Umm Al-Qura University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia].
Al-Salem, T. (2008). Stubbornness in children is chaos and learning - advice from Hanan Farouk and Ghania Shawkat Daghestani. Alukah.net. https://www.alukah.net/social/0/2647/
Al-Sharifin, I. (2011). Modifying human behavior from an Islamic perspective (1st edition). Juma Al Majid Center for Culture and Heritage.
Al-Zoubi, A. (2013). Mental illness and behavioral and academic problems in children. Zahran Publishing and Distribution House.
Al-Zuraikat, I. (2007). Behavior modification of children and adolescents: concepts and applications (1st edition). Dar Al Fikr for Publishing and Distribution.
Badshah, H. (2015). The Prophetic story: Its characteristics and educational objectives. Punjab University Arabic Department Magazine, (22), 132-148.
Baghdadi, G. (2020). How to deal with a stubborn child. KENZ and Mom. https://tinyurl.com/3jj33h9x
Bakkar, A. K. (2011). Children's problems: Diagnosis and treatment of the ten most important problems that children suffer from (3rd edition). Dar Wujooh for Publishing and Distribution.
Bani Issa, A. R. (2012). Means of modifying human behavior from an Islamic perspective. Research. Journal of the Ministry of Endowments, Islamic Affairs and Sanctities, 56(10), 21-30.
Bani Yassin, A. (2005). Preventive education in Islam (1st edition). Dar Al-Furqan for Publishing and Distribution.
Boutros, B. (2010). Modifying and building children's behavior (1st edition). Dar Al Masirah for Publishing, Distribution and Printing.
Chalabi, S. S. (2016). Discovering and treating children's psychological problems. Dar Raslan.
Dababneh, M. & Mahfouz, N. (2010). Child psychology (1st edition). Dar Al-Mustaqbal for Publishing and Distribution.
Dabbabish, M. (2008). The Messenger’s approach to education as seen through the Prophet’s biography [Master’s Thesis. Department of Educational Principles. Faculty of Education. Islamic University, Palestine].
Dowidar, I. (2013). Children's problems and how to deal with them (lying, aggression, rebellion and stubbornness, fear, academic delay) (1st edition). Arab Knowledge Bureau.
Elias, M. (2015). There are types of stubbornness, and each type has a method. The best of which is determination, and the worst of which is that you are stubborn with yourself. Seventh Day Magazine. https://tinyurl.com/mvybe7uh
El-Zanati, A. H. (1993). Foundations of Islamic education in the Sunnah of the Prophet (2nd edition). Arab Book House.
Freihat, A. (2007). Children's behavioral problems (1st edition). National Library Publishing Department.
Hodgson, D. (2012). The consequences of human behavior. Humanities, 1(3), 205–228. https://doi.org/10.3390/h1030205
Ibn al-Qayyim, S. a.-D. (2010). Tuhfat al-mawdoud bi-ahkam al-mawloud (1st edition). Dar al-Kotob al-Ilmiyah .
Ibn Miskawayh, A. (2006). Refining morals and purifying races (1st edition, C1). Religious Culture Library for Publishing and Distribution.
Jalal, B. E.-D. (2014). Behavior modification skills and techniques program - trainee guide. [Doctoral dissertation, Help and Pop Center and the Society for Awareness and Social Rehabilitation]. https://tinyurl.com/5n7yj45y
Jawan, A. (2013). Education in the noble Prophet’s biography: its concept, purposes and methods. The First International Conference on the Prophet’s Biography. Center for African Research and Studies. College of Sharia and Islamic Studies. International University of Africa, Sudan.
Joudeh, J. (2014). Methods of dealing with behavioral and psychological problems in children. [Doctoral dissertation, Faculty of Education. King Saud University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia].
Keefer, L. R. (2006). Defiant behavior in two- and three-year-olds: A Vygotskian approach. Early Childhood Education Journal, 33(2), 105–111. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10643-005-0001-y
Kuroda, T. (2020). Behavior is quantifiable, predictable, and controllable. 2020 IEEE 2nd Global Conference on Life Sciences and Technologies (LifeTech), 370–372. https://doi.org/10.1109/LifeTech48969.2020.1570618763
Maag, J. M. (1999). Why they say no: Foundational precises and techniques for managing resistance. Focus on Exceptional Children, 32(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.17161/foec.v32i1.6771
Malkawi, E. (2019). Stubbornness in children. Ocean Encyclopedia. https://tinyurl.com/2xwpmmkk
Manea, S., Bouassila, I., Waqara, A., & Jardir, F. (2017). Classroom management patterns and their relationship to behavior modification: A field study at Zein Muhammad Bin Rabih Secondary School [Bachelor thesis, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, Muhammad Al-Sadiq Bin Yahya University, Jijel, Algeria].
Maqbool, I. (2014). Communication strategies in the Sunnah of the Prophet. Research. Journal of the College of Islamic Sciences, 8(2), 532-563.
Melhem, S. (2002). Kindergarten child problems, diagnosis and treatment (1st edition). Dar Al Fikr for Printing, Publishing and Distribution.
Mohammad Q. (2024). Approaching human behavior an integrative overview. Journal of Clinical Research and Reports, 16(4), 1–2. https://doi.org/10.31579/2690-1919/407
Mukhaimer, A. (2013). Stubbornness: between negativity and positivity. Alukah.net. https://www.alukah.net/social/0/50041/
Mustafa, O. (2011). Introduction to behavioral and emotional disorders: causes, diagnosis, and treatment (1st edition). Dar Al Masirah for Publishing and Distribution.
Olson, S. L., & Grabell, A. S. (2015). Defiant behavior during infancy and early childhood. In J. D. Wright (Ed.), International encyclopedia of the social & behavioral sciences (pp. 12–18). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-097086-8.23008-0
Saleh, D. (2017). Types of stubbornness in children and its causes. Shorouk News. https://www.shorouknews.com/news/view.aspx?cdate=14092017&id=5919fa16-7afd-418d-a7ac-71aa577c41d8.
Sharif, A. Q. (2007). Social and religious education in kindergarten (1st edition). Dar Al Masirah for Publishing and Distribution.
Suleiman, Y. (2018). Parental treatment methods and their relationship to some behavioral problems among second-year students in primary schools, Karary Central sector, Karary locality [Doctoral dissertation. College of Graduate Studies, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Sudan].
Sweid, M. N. (2000). The Prophet’s child-rearing methodology - with applied examples from the life of the righteous predecessors and the sayings of world-renowned scholars. Dar Ibn Kathir for Printing, Publishing and Distribution.
Talafha, M. (2004). Accepting others in Islamic education [Master’s Thesis. Department of Islamic Studies, Faculty of Sharia, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan].
References
Abbasi, D. (2020). Stubbornness. Bulletin Issued by the Rosary Sisters School, (3). http://www.rosaryirs.com/2021/22.pdf
Abdel Majeed, F., Nasr, S., & Hassan, N. (2015). Discrimination in parental treatment as perceived by children and its relationship to some behavioral problems among a sample of children aged (9-12) years. Journal of Childhood Studies, 18(67), 73-78.
Abu Asaad, A. (2014). Human behavior modification: Theory and practice (2nd edition). Dar Al Masirah for Publishing, Distribution and Printing.
Abu Asaad, A. and Al-Sarayrah, A. (2011). Problems in kindergarten children (1st edition). Dar Haneen for Publishing and Distribution.
Abu Duff, M. (2006). The Messenger’s approach to evaluating behavior and how to benefit from it in our contemporary education. The Conference on Developing Programs in Colleges of Education in the Arab World in Light of Local and International Developments, February 8-9, 2006. College of Education, Zagazig University, Egypt.
Abu Gharbiyeh, S. (2006). Behavior modification (1st edition). Yafa Scientific Publishing and Distribution House.
Abu Lihia, N. a.-D. (2017). Educational methods and their legal controls. A scientific study on the methods of raising children and their legal controls (2nd edition). Dar Al Anwar for Publishing and Distribution.
Abu Saad, M. (2021). Our children and their need for acceptance. Shaid al-Fawaid. http://www.saaid.net/tarbiah/260.htm.
Al-Adawi, K. (2021). The phenomenon of stubbornness in children. Gulf Children Magazine. http://www.gulfkids.com/ar/index.php?action=show_art&ArtCat=10&id=85
Al-Basri, B. (2018). Punishment and extinguishing. Lecture 2. p. 1. Department of Education and Psychology. College of Education for Human Sciences. University of Babylon. Babylon University Network. Lecture date: 4/1/2018.
Al-Bukhari, M. (2002). Sahih Al-Bukhari (1st edition, Magazine 1). Dar Ibn Katheer for Printing and Publishing.
Al-Desouki, M. (2014). The effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy in treating conduct disorder and stubbornness and defiant disorder in children and adolescents at risk. The research and working papers of the Fourth Scientific Conference: Education and human building in light of democratic transformations. Faculty of Education. Menoufia University, Egypt, 123-154.
Al-Eid, S. (2005). Ways to protect children from deviance from an Islamic perspective (1st edition). Dar Al-Watan for Publishing and Distribution.
Al-Fasfus, A. (2006). Methods of modifying human behavior (1st edition). Dunya Al Watan.
Al-Ghazali, M. (2005). Revival of religious sciences (1st edition). Dar Ibn Hazm for Printing, Publishing and Distribution.
Al-Hadri, K. (1998). Preventive education in Islam and the extent to which secondary schools benefit from it [Doctoral dissertation, Umm Al-Qura University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia].
Al-Hassi, H. Noah, M., & Ibn Hamzah, M. (2017). Behavioral problems in early childhood as perceived by mothers. Al-Rasikhoon, 3(1), 1-20.
Ali, A. (2015). Behavior modification methods derived from the Holy Qur’an and their educational applications. Research of the Qur’an Education Forum, Curricula and Experiments. Umm Al-Qura University, Saudi Arabia.
Ali, M. (2015). Stubbornness and aggression among pre-school children and their relationship to parental control: a field study in Karari locality [Master’s Thesis, Faculty of Education, Omdurman Islamic University, Sudan].
Al-Khalidi, A. M. & Wahbi, K. (1997). Psychological and mental illnesses and behavioral disorders in children (1st edition). Dar Al-Fikr Al-Arabi.
Al-Khatib, J. (2003). Modifying human behavior (1st edition). Al-Falah Library for Publishing and Distribution.
Al-Kuwari, S. (1998). Mental health problems in children: Stubbornness and rebellion. Educational Horizons Magazine, (12), 138-139.
Al-Lahlah, A. & Abu Bakr, M. (2002). Scientific research: Its definition, steps, methods, statistical concepts. Al-Darar University.
Al-Maliki, M. (1994). Self-control in Islamic education [Master’s thesis. Department of Islamic and Comparative Education, Faculty of Education, Umm Al-Qura University, Saudi Arabia].
Al-Nabulsi, M. (1994). Raising children in Islam. Nabulsi Encyclopedia https://tinyurl.com/24upzj75
Al-Nahlawi, A. R. (2007). Principles of Islamic education and its methods in the home, school and society (25th edition. C1). Dar Al-Fikr for Printing and Publishing.
Al-Othman, I. (2011). Building and modifying children's behavior is a guide for specialists and parents (1st edition). Ithra Publishing and Distribution.
Al-Qaradawi, Y. (2017). Ethics of Islam (1st edition). Center for Studies of Islamic Legislation and Ethics.
Al-Qur’an, J. & Al-Atili, K. (2016). The effectiveness of a group counseling program based on cognitive behavioral therapy in reducing stubborn behavior among female students in early adolescence. Journal of Educational Science Studies, 43(Supplement 5), 2105-2117.
Al-Rousan, F. (2010). Modifying and building human behavior. (11th edition). Dar Al Fikr for Printing, Publishing and Distribution.
Al-Saidi, F. (2009). The Prophetic educational methods used in guidance and behavior modification and how to implement them with secondary school students (a proposed scenario) [Master’s thesis, Department of Islamic and Comparative Education, Faculty of Education, Umm Al-Qura University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia].
Al-Salem, T. (2008). Stubbornness in children is chaos and learning - advice from Hanan Farouk and Ghania Shawkat Daghestani. Alukah.net. https://www.alukah.net/social/0/2647/
Al-Sharifin, I. (2011). Modifying human behavior from an Islamic perspective (1st edition). Juma Al Majid Center for Culture and Heritage.
Al-Zoubi, A. (2013). Mental illness and behavioral and academic problems in children. Zahran Publishing and Distribution House.
Al-Zuraikat, I. (2007). Behavior modification of children and adolescents: concepts and applications (1st edition). Dar Al Fikr for Publishing and Distribution.
Badshah, H. (2015). The Prophetic story: Its characteristics and educational objectives. Punjab University Arabic Department Magazine, (22), 132-148.
Baghdadi, G. (2020). How to deal with a stubborn child. KENZ and Mom. https://tinyurl.com/3jj33h9x
Bakkar, A. K. (2011). Children's problems: Diagnosis and treatment of the ten most important problems that children suffer from (3rd edition). Dar Wujooh for Publishing and Distribution.
Bani Issa, A. R. (2012). Means of modifying human behavior from an Islamic perspective. Research. Journal of the Ministry of Endowments, Islamic Affairs and Sanctities, 56(10), 21-30.
Bani Yassin, A. (2005). Preventive education in Islam (1st edition). Dar Al-Furqan for Publishing and Distribution.
Boutros, B. (2010). Modifying and building children's behavior (1st edition). Dar Al Masirah for Publishing, Distribution and Printing.
Chalabi, S. S. (2016). Discovering and treating children's psychological problems. Dar Raslan.
Dababneh, M. & Mahfouz, N. (2010). Child psychology (1st edition). Dar Al-Mustaqbal for Publishing and Distribution.
Dabbabish, M. (2008). The Messenger’s approach to education as seen through the Prophet’s biography [Master’s Thesis. Department of Educational Principles. Faculty of Education. Islamic University, Palestine].
Dowidar, I. (2013). Children's problems and how to deal with them (lying, aggression, rebellion and stubbornness, fear, academic delay) (1st edition). Arab Knowledge Bureau.
Elias, M. (2015). There are types of stubbornness, and each type has a method. The best of which is determination, and the worst of which is that you are stubborn with yourself. Seventh Day Magazine. https://tinyurl.com/mvybe7uh
El-Zanati, A. H. (1993). Foundations of Islamic education in the Sunnah of the Prophet (2nd edition). Arab Book House.
Freihat, A. (2007). Children's behavioral problems (1st edition). National Library Publishing Department.
Hodgson, D. (2012). The consequences of human behavior. Humanities, 1(3), 205–228. https://doi.org/10.3390/h1030205
Ibn al-Qayyim, S. a.-D. (2010). Tuhfat al-mawdoud bi-ahkam al-mawloud (1st edition). Dar al-Kotob al-Ilmiyah .
Ibn Miskawayh, A. (2006). Refining morals and purifying races (1st edition, C1). Religious Culture Library for Publishing and Distribution.
Jalal, B. E.-D. (2014). Behavior modification skills and techniques program - trainee guide. [Doctoral dissertation, Help and Pop Center and the Society for Awareness and Social Rehabilitation]. https://tinyurl.com/5n7yj45y
Jawan, A. (2013). Education in the noble Prophet’s biography: its concept, purposes and methods. The First International Conference on the Prophet’s Biography. Center for African Research and Studies. College of Sharia and Islamic Studies. International University of Africa, Sudan.
Joudeh, J. (2014). Methods of dealing with behavioral and psychological problems in children. [Doctoral dissertation, Faculty of Education. King Saud University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia].
Keefer, L. R. (2006). Defiant behavior in two- and three-year-olds: A Vygotskian approach. Early Childhood Education Journal, 33(2), 105–111. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10643-005-0001-y
Kuroda, T. (2020). Behavior is quantifiable, predictable, and controllable. 2020 IEEE 2nd Global Conference on Life Sciences and Technologies (LifeTech), 370–372. https://doi.org/10.1109/LifeTech48969.2020.1570618763
Maag, J. M. (1999). Why they say no: Foundational precises and techniques for managing resistance. Focus on Exceptional Children, 32(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.17161/foec.v32i1.6771
Malkawi, E. (2019). Stubbornness in children. Ocean Encyclopedia. https://tinyurl.com/2xwpmmkk
Manea, S., Bouassila, I., Waqara, A., & Jardir, F. (2017). Classroom management patterns and their relationship to behavior modification: A field study at Zein Muhammad Bin Rabih Secondary School [Bachelor thesis, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, Muhammad Al-Sadiq Bin Yahya University, Jijel, Algeria].
Maqbool, I. (2014). Communication strategies in the Sunnah of the Prophet. Research. Journal of the College of Islamic Sciences, 8(2), 532-563.
Melhem, S. (2002). Kindergarten child problems, diagnosis and treatment (1st edition). Dar Al Fikr for Printing, Publishing and Distribution.
Mohammad Q. (2024). Approaching human behavior an integrative overview. Journal of Clinical Research and Reports, 16(4), 1–2. https://doi.org/10.31579/2690-1919/407
Mukhaimer, A. (2013). Stubbornness: between negativity and positivity. Alukah.net. https://www.alukah.net/social/0/50041/
Mustafa, O. (2011). Introduction to behavioral and emotional disorders: causes, diagnosis, and treatment (1st edition). Dar Al Masirah for Publishing and Distribution.
Olson, S. L., & Grabell, A. S. (2015). Defiant behavior during infancy and early childhood. In J. D. Wright (Ed.), International encyclopedia of the social & behavioral sciences (pp. 12–18). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-097086-8.23008-0
Saleh, D. (2017). Types of stubbornness in children and its causes. Shorouk News. https://www.shorouknews.com/news/view.aspx?cdate=14092017&id=5919fa16-7afd-418d-a7ac-71aa577c41d8.
Sharif, A. Q. (2007). Social and religious education in kindergarten (1st edition). Dar Al Masirah for Publishing and Distribution.
Suleiman, Y. (2018). Parental treatment methods and their relationship to some behavioral problems among second-year students in primary schools, Karary Central sector, Karary locality [Doctoral dissertation. College of Graduate Studies, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Sudan].
Sweid, M. N. (2000). The Prophet’s child-rearing methodology - with applied examples from the life of the righteous predecessors and the sayings of world-renowned scholars. Dar Ibn Kathir for Printing, Publishing and Distribution.
Talafha, M. (2004). Accepting others in Islamic education [Master’s Thesis. Department of Islamic Studies, Faculty of Sharia, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan].
