Main Article Content
Abstract
PT X faced quality challenges in its spot-welding process, resulting in a high product defect rate and reduced competitiveness. Reliance on manual processes led to inconsistencies, which impacted customer satisfaction and the company's reputation. To address this issue, researchers initiated an Industry 4.0 based transformation with a Six Sigma approach. Improvements were made by implementing servo robots to automate the spot-welding process. This step was accompanied by modifications to the jig, the use of Jundate pallets, and the adoption of Zirconium cup tips to overcome downtime due to sticking. As a result, the company succeeded in significantly reducing the DPMO from 255 to 12, increasing productivity by 16%, and generating significant annual cost savings. In addition to tangible benefits, these improvements also resulted in increased customer trust, the acquisition of new projects, and an improved corporate image.
Keywords
Article Details
Copyright (c) 2025 Adidya Rangga Pratama, Bulan Prabawani

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
PLAGIARISM CHECK
All manuscripts submitted to AJIE will be checked free of plagiarism elements. Manuscripts that do not meet the requirements will be returned to the author for further correction or will be rejected immediately.
The plagiarism check used by AJIE is Turnitin.
References
- Antony, J., Sony, M., & McDermott, O. (2019). Reducing defects in manufacturing through Six Sigma DMAIC: A case study. The TQM Journal, 31(5), 705–720. https://doi.org/10.1108/TQM-12-2018-0194
- Aliyari, M., Rezaei, A., & Karimi, H. (2025). Advances in resistance spot welding for automotive applications. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 309, 117726. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2022.117726
- Chuenmee, S., Phithakkitnukoon, S., & Kato, H. (2025). Quality improvement in automotive welding: A data-driven approach. Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 89, 45–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2024.12.005
- Costa, A. A., Ferraz, F., & Martins, R. A. (2019). Six Sigma in manufacturing: Evidence from case studies. Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, 30(4), 648–666. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMTM-11-2017-0246
- Hemalatha, K., & Anusha, S. (2025). Comparative analysis of quality improvement methods: Lean, Six Sigma, and Taguchi. Quality Engineering, 37(2), 211–223. https://doi.org/10.1080/08982112.2024.1789903
- Jimenez, R., Molina, A., & Rodriguez, M. (2019). DMAIC methodology as a framework for continuous improvement in manufacturing. Total Quality Management & Business Excellence, 30(5–6), 567–584. https://doi.org/10.1080/14783363.2017.1400376
- Kementerian Perindustrian Republik Indonesia. (2018). Making Indonesia 4.0: Roadmap menuju Indonesia top 10 ekonomi dunia. Kementerian Perindustrian Republik Indonesia.
- Mittal, V., Gupta, P., & Sharma, A. (2023). Six Sigma implementation in automotive sector: Current trends and future prospects. International Journal of Lean Six Sigma, 14(1), 55–73. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJLSS-04-2021-0087
- Padmarajan, R., & Selvaraj, T. (2021). Six Sigma applications in manufacturing industries: A review. Materials Today: Proceedings, 46, 4236–4242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.10.550
- Papulova, Z., Gazova, A., & Papula, J. (2022). Industry 4.0 in automotive sector: Opportunities and challenges. Procedia Computer Science, 200, 1234–1242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2022.01.314
- Silva, L. A., Gomes, R., & Costa, M. (2020). Pokayoke as a mistake-proofing approach in manufacturing systems. Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 49, 246–258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2019.11.027
- Snee, R. D. (2017). Why Six Sigma will continue to thrive. Quality Progress, 50(5), 22–28.
- Sugiyono. (2013). Metode penelitian kuantitatif, kualitatif, dan R&D. Bandung: Alfabeta.
- Widiyanto, J. (2013). Statistik terapan: Konsep dan aplikasi SPSS/LISREL dalam penelitian pendidikan, psikologi & ilmu sosial lainnya. Jakarta: Elex Media Komputindo.
- Wang, Y., Li, X., & Zhou, D. (2024). The impact of Six Sigma on operational performance: Evidence from automotive firms. Operations Management Research, 17(2), 178–190. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12063-023-00291-5
- Xu, Y., Li, W., & Zhang, J. (2018). 4M1E-based quality control analysis in automotive manufacturing. International Journal of Production Research, 56(14), 4901–4914. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2017.1391418
References
Antony, J., Sony, M., & McDermott, O. (2019). Reducing defects in manufacturing through Six Sigma DMAIC: A case study. The TQM Journal, 31(5), 705–720. https://doi.org/10.1108/TQM-12-2018-0194
Aliyari, M., Rezaei, A., & Karimi, H. (2025). Advances in resistance spot welding for automotive applications. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 309, 117726. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2022.117726
Chuenmee, S., Phithakkitnukoon, S., & Kato, H. (2025). Quality improvement in automotive welding: A data-driven approach. Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 89, 45–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2024.12.005
Costa, A. A., Ferraz, F., & Martins, R. A. (2019). Six Sigma in manufacturing: Evidence from case studies. Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, 30(4), 648–666. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMTM-11-2017-0246
Hemalatha, K., & Anusha, S. (2025). Comparative analysis of quality improvement methods: Lean, Six Sigma, and Taguchi. Quality Engineering, 37(2), 211–223. https://doi.org/10.1080/08982112.2024.1789903
Jimenez, R., Molina, A., & Rodriguez, M. (2019). DMAIC methodology as a framework for continuous improvement in manufacturing. Total Quality Management & Business Excellence, 30(5–6), 567–584. https://doi.org/10.1080/14783363.2017.1400376
Kementerian Perindustrian Republik Indonesia. (2018). Making Indonesia 4.0: Roadmap menuju Indonesia top 10 ekonomi dunia. Kementerian Perindustrian Republik Indonesia.
Mittal, V., Gupta, P., & Sharma, A. (2023). Six Sigma implementation in automotive sector: Current trends and future prospects. International Journal of Lean Six Sigma, 14(1), 55–73. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJLSS-04-2021-0087
Padmarajan, R., & Selvaraj, T. (2021). Six Sigma applications in manufacturing industries: A review. Materials Today: Proceedings, 46, 4236–4242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.10.550
Papulova, Z., Gazova, A., & Papula, J. (2022). Industry 4.0 in automotive sector: Opportunities and challenges. Procedia Computer Science, 200, 1234–1242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2022.01.314
Silva, L. A., Gomes, R., & Costa, M. (2020). Pokayoke as a mistake-proofing approach in manufacturing systems. Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 49, 246–258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2019.11.027
Snee, R. D. (2017). Why Six Sigma will continue to thrive. Quality Progress, 50(5), 22–28.
Sugiyono. (2013). Metode penelitian kuantitatif, kualitatif, dan R&D. Bandung: Alfabeta.
Widiyanto, J. (2013). Statistik terapan: Konsep dan aplikasi SPSS/LISREL dalam penelitian pendidikan, psikologi & ilmu sosial lainnya. Jakarta: Elex Media Komputindo.
Wang, Y., Li, X., & Zhou, D. (2024). The impact of Six Sigma on operational performance: Evidence from automotive firms. Operations Management Research, 17(2), 178–190. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12063-023-00291-5
Xu, Y., Li, W., & Zhang, J. (2018). 4M1E-based quality control analysis in automotive manufacturing. International Journal of Production Research, 56(14), 4901–4914. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2017.1391418