Main Article Content
Abstract
The dual role of women who work as civil servants and become mothers can cause anxiety. Anxiety management is needed in order to be optimal in carrying out the role. This study aims to determine the effect of mindfulness techniques on anxiety in mothers who work as civil servants in Sumbawa Besar City. This research is a quasi-experimental quantitative research with a non-random pretest-posttest control group design. The sampling technique used nonrandom purposive, the subjects in this study were 13 people. Data collection in this study used the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale and the Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skill as a check manipulation. Data analysis used Mann – Whitney U Test (Z=-2.164, p<0.050), and Wilcoxon Signed Ranks (Z=-2.384, p<0.050). This shows that mindfulness techniques are effective in reducing anxiety in mothers who work as civil servants.
Keywords
Article Details
Copyright (c) 2022 Bayu Aji Santoso, Martaria Rizky Rinaldi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
References
- Adhikari, H. (2012). Anxiety and depression: Comparative study between working and non-working mothers. Global Journal of Human-Social Science Research, 12(12–C), 1–9. https://socialscienceresearch.org/index.php/GJHSS/article/view/475
- Asrori, A. (2015). Terapi kognitif perilaku untuk mengatasi gangguan kecemasan sosial. Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi Terapan, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.22219/jipt.v3i1.2128
- Badan Pusat Statistik. (2020). Keadaan ketenagakerjaan Indonesia. Berita Resmi Statistik. https://www.bps.go.id/publication/2020/06/19/43f6d15bcc31f4170a89e571/keadaan-pekerja-di-indonesia-februari-2020.html
- Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Sumbawa. (2018). Jumlah PNS pemerintah daerah kabupaten b Sumbawa menurut tingkat kepangkatan dan jenis kelamin. Badan Pusat Statistik. https://sumbawakab.bps.go.id/dynamictable/2019/11/29/270/jumlah-pns-pemerintah-daerah-kabupaten-sumbawa-menurut-tingkat-kepangkatan-dan-jenis-kelamin-2018
- Barlow, D. H., & Durand, V. M. (2014). Abnormal psychology: An integrative approach stamford. In Wadsworth/Cengage Learning.
- Beddoe, A. E., & Murphy, S. O. (2004). Does mindfulness decrease stress and foster empathy among nursing students? Journal of Nursing Education, 43(7), 305–312. https://doi.org/10.3928/01484834-20040701-07
- BKN. (2019). Buku statistik ASN. In Badan Kepegawaian Negara.
- Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2003). The benefits of being present: Mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(4), 822–848. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.84.4.822
- Cho, H., Ryu, S., Noh, J., & Lee, J. (2016). The effectiveness of daily mindful breathing practices on test anxiety of students. PLOS ONE, 11(10), e0164822. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0164822
- Clark, D. A., & Beck, A. T. (2010). Cognitive therapy of anxiety disorders: Science and practice. Guilford Press.
- Coallier, J. (2017). Hamilton anxiety scale logbook: Medical bookkeeping forms book. In CreateSpace.
- Eskawati, D. (2019). Efektivitas pelatihan mindfulness untuk menurunkan nomophobia pada remaja. Universitas Muhamadiyah Surakarta.
- Gotink, R. A., Chu, P., Busschbach, J. J. V., Benson, H., Fricchione, G. L., & Hunink, M. G. M. (2015). Standardised mindfulness-based interventions in healthcare: An overview of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of RCTs. PLOS ONE, 10(4), e0124344. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0124344
- Greenhaus, J. H., & Beutell, N. J. (1985). Sources of conflict between work and family roles. The Academy of Management Review, 10(1), 76. https://doi.org/10.2307/258214
- Hilgard, E. R., Atkinson, R. C., & Atkinson, R. L. (2001). Pengantar psikologi (Widjaja Kusuma (ed.); Dua). Interaksara.
- Johnstone, J. M., Roake, C., Sheikh, I., Mole, A., Nigg, J. T., & Oken, B. (2016). School-based mindfulness intervention for stress reduction in adolescents: Design and methodology of an open-label, parallel group, randomized controlled trial. Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications, 4, 99–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conctc.2016.07.001
- Jumaroh, T. A. (2018). Pengaruh mindfulness therapy dalam meningkatkan regulasi emosi santriwati kelas Isti’dad Pendidikan Diniyah formal (Pdf) Ulya Pondok Pesantren Assalafi Al-Fithrah Surabaya. Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Ampel Surabaya.
- Kabat-Zinn, J. (2013a). An outpatient program in behavioral medicine for chronic pain patient based on practice mindfulness meditation: Theoretical considerations and preliminary results. University of Massachusetts Medical School Worcester.
- Kabat-Zinn, J. (2013b). Full catastrophe living: Using the wisdom of your body and mind to face stress, pain, and illness (Revised and updated edition). In Bantam Books trade paperback.
- Kang, H.-J., Bae, K.-Y., Kim, S.-W., Shin, H.-Y., Shin, I.-S., Yoon, J.-S., & Kim, J.-M. (2017). Impact of anxiety and depression on physical health condition and disability in an elderly Korean population. Psychiatry Investigation, 14(3), 240. https://doi.org/10.4306/pi.2017.14.3.240
- Levitt, H. M., Bamberg, M., Creswell, J. W., Frost, D. M., Josselson, R., & Suárez-Orozco, C. (2018). Journal article reporting standards for qualitative primary, qualitative meta-analytic, and mixed methods research in psychology: The APA Publications and Communications Board task force report. American Psychologist, 73(1), 26–46. https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0000151
- Neff, K., & Germer, C. (2018). The mindful self-compassion workbook: A proven way to accept yourself, build inner strength, and thrive. In Guilford Press. https://www.amazon.com/Mindful-Self-Compassion-Workbook-Yourself-Strength/dp/1462526780
- Nevid, J. S., Rathus, S. A., & Beverly, G. (2018). Abnormal psychology in a changing world. In Pearson ((10th ed)).
- Nugrahaningtyas, P. Y., & Kasturi, T. (2019). Konflik keluarga pada wanita karier. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.
- Nurcahyani, F., Dewi, E. I., & Rondhianto, R. (2016). Pengaruh terapi suportif kelompok terhadap kecemasan pada klien pasca bencana banjir bandang di perumahan relokasi Desa Suci Kecamatan Panti Kabupaten Jember (The effect of supportive group therapy toward the client’s anxiety after flash flood disaster. Pustaka Kesehatan, 4(2), 293–299. http://jurnal.unej.ac.id/index.php/JPK/article/view/3205
- Rosenstock, I. M., Strecher, V. J., & Becker, M. H. (1988). Social learning theory and the health belief model. Health Education Quarterly, 15(2), 175–183. https://doi.org/10.1177/109019818801500203
- Salmon, P., Sephton, S., Weissbecker, I., Hoover, K., Ulmer, C., & Studts, J. L. (2004). Mindfulness meditation in clinical practice. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 11(4), 434–446. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1077-7229(04)80060-9
- Sari, A. D. K., & Subandi. (2015). Pelatihan teknik relaksasi untuk menurunkan kecemasan pada primary caregiver penderita kanker payudara. Gadjah Mada Journal Of Professional Psychology, 1(3), 173–192. https://doi.org/10.22146/gamajpp.9393
- Senécal, C., Vallerand, R. J., & Guay, F. (2001). Antecedents and outcomes of work-family conflict: Toward a motivational model. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27(2), 176–186. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167201272004
- Serpa, J. G., Taylor, S. L., & Tillisch, K. (2014). Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction (MBSR) reduces anxiety, depression, and suicidal ideation in veterans. Medical Care, 52(Supplement 5), S19–S24. https://doi.org/10.1097/MLR.0000000000000202
- Sianturi, M. M., & Zulkarnain, Z. (2014). Analisis work family conflict terhadap kesejahteraan psikologis pekerja. Psychological Journal: Science and Practice, 1(3 SE). https://ejournal.umm.ac.id/index.php/pjsp/article/view/1686
- Stein, M. B., Simmons, A. N., Feinstein, J. S., & Paulus, M. P. (2007). Increased amygdala and insula activation during emotion processing in anxiety-prone subjects. American Journal of Psychiatry, 164(2), 318–327. https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.2007.164.2.318
- Susanti, R. N. (2017). Efektivitas pelatihan mindfulness untuk meningkatkan psychological well-being ibu bekerja yang mengalami work-family conflict. UNIVERSITAS 17 AGUSTUS 1945.
- Widodo, M. K. D. N. (2015). Mindfulness sebagai mediator dalam hubungan antara kelekatan pada ibu dan self-silencing pada remaja laki dan perempuan. Universitas Sanata Dharma.
- Widyastuti, C. (2019). Pengaruh terapi tawa terhadap penurunan kecemasan pada narapidana. Jurnal Psikologi Integratif, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.14421/jpsi.v7i1.1655
- Zhang, Y., Duffy, J. F., & De Castillero, E. R. (2017). Do sleep disturbances mediate the association between work-family conflict and depressive symptoms among nurses? A cross-sectional study. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 24(8), 620–628. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpm.12409
References
Adhikari, H. (2012). Anxiety and depression: Comparative study between working and non-working mothers. Global Journal of Human-Social Science Research, 12(12–C), 1–9. https://socialscienceresearch.org/index.php/GJHSS/article/view/475
Asrori, A. (2015). Terapi kognitif perilaku untuk mengatasi gangguan kecemasan sosial. Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi Terapan, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.22219/jipt.v3i1.2128
Badan Pusat Statistik. (2020). Keadaan ketenagakerjaan Indonesia. Berita Resmi Statistik. https://www.bps.go.id/publication/2020/06/19/43f6d15bcc31f4170a89e571/keadaan-pekerja-di-indonesia-februari-2020.html
Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Sumbawa. (2018). Jumlah PNS pemerintah daerah kabupaten b Sumbawa menurut tingkat kepangkatan dan jenis kelamin. Badan Pusat Statistik. https://sumbawakab.bps.go.id/dynamictable/2019/11/29/270/jumlah-pns-pemerintah-daerah-kabupaten-sumbawa-menurut-tingkat-kepangkatan-dan-jenis-kelamin-2018
Barlow, D. H., & Durand, V. M. (2014). Abnormal psychology: An integrative approach stamford. In Wadsworth/Cengage Learning.
Beddoe, A. E., & Murphy, S. O. (2004). Does mindfulness decrease stress and foster empathy among nursing students? Journal of Nursing Education, 43(7), 305–312. https://doi.org/10.3928/01484834-20040701-07
BKN. (2019). Buku statistik ASN. In Badan Kepegawaian Negara.
Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2003). The benefits of being present: Mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(4), 822–848. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.84.4.822
Cho, H., Ryu, S., Noh, J., & Lee, J. (2016). The effectiveness of daily mindful breathing practices on test anxiety of students. PLOS ONE, 11(10), e0164822. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0164822
Clark, D. A., & Beck, A. T. (2010). Cognitive therapy of anxiety disorders: Science and practice. Guilford Press.
Coallier, J. (2017). Hamilton anxiety scale logbook: Medical bookkeeping forms book. In CreateSpace.
Eskawati, D. (2019). Efektivitas pelatihan mindfulness untuk menurunkan nomophobia pada remaja. Universitas Muhamadiyah Surakarta.
Gotink, R. A., Chu, P., Busschbach, J. J. V., Benson, H., Fricchione, G. L., & Hunink, M. G. M. (2015). Standardised mindfulness-based interventions in healthcare: An overview of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of RCTs. PLOS ONE, 10(4), e0124344. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0124344
Greenhaus, J. H., & Beutell, N. J. (1985). Sources of conflict between work and family roles. The Academy of Management Review, 10(1), 76. https://doi.org/10.2307/258214
Hilgard, E. R., Atkinson, R. C., & Atkinson, R. L. (2001). Pengantar psikologi (Widjaja Kusuma (ed.); Dua). Interaksara.
Johnstone, J. M., Roake, C., Sheikh, I., Mole, A., Nigg, J. T., & Oken, B. (2016). School-based mindfulness intervention for stress reduction in adolescents: Design and methodology of an open-label, parallel group, randomized controlled trial. Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications, 4, 99–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conctc.2016.07.001
Jumaroh, T. A. (2018). Pengaruh mindfulness therapy dalam meningkatkan regulasi emosi santriwati kelas Isti’dad Pendidikan Diniyah formal (Pdf) Ulya Pondok Pesantren Assalafi Al-Fithrah Surabaya. Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Ampel Surabaya.
Kabat-Zinn, J. (2013a). An outpatient program in behavioral medicine for chronic pain patient based on practice mindfulness meditation: Theoretical considerations and preliminary results. University of Massachusetts Medical School Worcester.
Kabat-Zinn, J. (2013b). Full catastrophe living: Using the wisdom of your body and mind to face stress, pain, and illness (Revised and updated edition). In Bantam Books trade paperback.
Kang, H.-J., Bae, K.-Y., Kim, S.-W., Shin, H.-Y., Shin, I.-S., Yoon, J.-S., & Kim, J.-M. (2017). Impact of anxiety and depression on physical health condition and disability in an elderly Korean population. Psychiatry Investigation, 14(3), 240. https://doi.org/10.4306/pi.2017.14.3.240
Levitt, H. M., Bamberg, M., Creswell, J. W., Frost, D. M., Josselson, R., & Suárez-Orozco, C. (2018). Journal article reporting standards for qualitative primary, qualitative meta-analytic, and mixed methods research in psychology: The APA Publications and Communications Board task force report. American Psychologist, 73(1), 26–46. https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0000151
Neff, K., & Germer, C. (2018). The mindful self-compassion workbook: A proven way to accept yourself, build inner strength, and thrive. In Guilford Press. https://www.amazon.com/Mindful-Self-Compassion-Workbook-Yourself-Strength/dp/1462526780
Nevid, J. S., Rathus, S. A., & Beverly, G. (2018). Abnormal psychology in a changing world. In Pearson ((10th ed)).
Nugrahaningtyas, P. Y., & Kasturi, T. (2019). Konflik keluarga pada wanita karier. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.
Nurcahyani, F., Dewi, E. I., & Rondhianto, R. (2016). Pengaruh terapi suportif kelompok terhadap kecemasan pada klien pasca bencana banjir bandang di perumahan relokasi Desa Suci Kecamatan Panti Kabupaten Jember (The effect of supportive group therapy toward the client’s anxiety after flash flood disaster. Pustaka Kesehatan, 4(2), 293–299. http://jurnal.unej.ac.id/index.php/JPK/article/view/3205
Rosenstock, I. M., Strecher, V. J., & Becker, M. H. (1988). Social learning theory and the health belief model. Health Education Quarterly, 15(2), 175–183. https://doi.org/10.1177/109019818801500203
Salmon, P., Sephton, S., Weissbecker, I., Hoover, K., Ulmer, C., & Studts, J. L. (2004). Mindfulness meditation in clinical practice. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 11(4), 434–446. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1077-7229(04)80060-9
Sari, A. D. K., & Subandi. (2015). Pelatihan teknik relaksasi untuk menurunkan kecemasan pada primary caregiver penderita kanker payudara. Gadjah Mada Journal Of Professional Psychology, 1(3), 173–192. https://doi.org/10.22146/gamajpp.9393
Senécal, C., Vallerand, R. J., & Guay, F. (2001). Antecedents and outcomes of work-family conflict: Toward a motivational model. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27(2), 176–186. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167201272004
Serpa, J. G., Taylor, S. L., & Tillisch, K. (2014). Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction (MBSR) reduces anxiety, depression, and suicidal ideation in veterans. Medical Care, 52(Supplement 5), S19–S24. https://doi.org/10.1097/MLR.0000000000000202
Sianturi, M. M., & Zulkarnain, Z. (2014). Analisis work family conflict terhadap kesejahteraan psikologis pekerja. Psychological Journal: Science and Practice, 1(3 SE). https://ejournal.umm.ac.id/index.php/pjsp/article/view/1686
Stein, M. B., Simmons, A. N., Feinstein, J. S., & Paulus, M. P. (2007). Increased amygdala and insula activation during emotion processing in anxiety-prone subjects. American Journal of Psychiatry, 164(2), 318–327. https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.2007.164.2.318
Susanti, R. N. (2017). Efektivitas pelatihan mindfulness untuk meningkatkan psychological well-being ibu bekerja yang mengalami work-family conflict. UNIVERSITAS 17 AGUSTUS 1945.
Widodo, M. K. D. N. (2015). Mindfulness sebagai mediator dalam hubungan antara kelekatan pada ibu dan self-silencing pada remaja laki dan perempuan. Universitas Sanata Dharma.
Widyastuti, C. (2019). Pengaruh terapi tawa terhadap penurunan kecemasan pada narapidana. Jurnal Psikologi Integratif, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.14421/jpsi.v7i1.1655
Zhang, Y., Duffy, J. F., & De Castillero, E. R. (2017). Do sleep disturbances mediate the association between work-family conflict and depressive symptoms among nurses? A cross-sectional study. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 24(8), 620–628. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpm.12409