Main Article Content
Abstract
ABSTRAK: Intervensi family psychoeducation (FPE) merupakan salah satu pendekatan berbasis bukti yang dikembangkan untuk mengurangi beban yang dialami caregiver. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas FPE dalam menurunkan caregiver burden melalui meta-analisis literatur yang diidentifikasi dari berbagai sumber seperti Google Scholar, Semantic Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed, dan Open Knowledge, dengan periode pencarian mulai Mei 2013 hingga Mei 2023. Hasil meta-analisis menunjukkan bahwa FPE secara signifikan efektif dalam mengurangi caregiver burden dengan ukuran efek -1,22 (CI = -2,373 hingga -0,073). Temuan ini mendukung rekomendasi agar family psychoeducation (FPE) diintegrasikan secara lebih luas ke dalam praktik layanan kesehatan keluarga sebagai strategi efektif untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan fisik dan psikologis caregiver, sekaligus mengurangi beban perawatan yang mereka alami. Integrasi FPE dapat memberikan dukungan yang sistematis dan berkelanjutan bagi caregiver, sehingga kualitas perawatan yang diberikan juga meningkat.
Kata kunci: Family Psychoeducation, Caregiver Burden, Meta Analisis.
ABSTRACT:Family psychoeducation (FPE) is an evidence-based intervention developed to reduce the burden experienced by caregivers. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of FPE in decreasing caregiver burden through a meta-analysis of literature sourced from Google Scholar, Semantic Scholar, ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Open Knowledge, covering the period from May 2013 to May 2023. The meta-analysis revealed that FPE significantly reduced caregiver burden, with an effect size of −1.22 (CI = −2.373 to −0.073). These findings support recommendations for broader integration of FPE into family health service practices as an effective strategy to improve caregivers’ physical and psychological well-being while alleviating the demands of caregiving. The systematic and sustained implementation of FPE may enhance the quality of care provided by better caregiver support.
Key words: Family Psychoeducation, Caregiver Burden, Meta Analysis.
Keywords
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References
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- Emblem Health. (2010). Care for the family caregiver: A place to start. https://www.caregiving.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Emblem_CfC10_Final2.pdf
- Grenyer, B. F. S., Bailey, R. C., Lewis, K. L., Matthias, M., Garretty, T., & Bickerton, A. (2019). A randomized controlled trial of group psychoeducation for carers of persons with borderline personality disorder. Journal of Personality Disorders, 33(2), 214–228. https://doi.org/10.1521/pedi_2018_32_340
- Hovland, C. A., & Mallett, C. A. (2021). Positive aspects of family caregiving for older adults at end-of-life: A qualitative examination. Journal of Social Work in End-of-Life & Palliative Care, 17(1), 64–82. https://doi.org/10.1080/15524256.2021.1888845
- Joa, I., Johannessen, J. O., Heiervang, K. S., Sviland, A. A., Nordin, H. A., Landers, M., Ruud, T., Drake, R. E., & Bond, G. R. (2020). The family psychoeducation fidelity scale: Psychometric properties. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research, 47(6), 894–900. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10488-020-01040-3
- Khoshknab, M. F., Sheikhona, M., Rahgouy, A., Rahgozar, M., & Sodagari, F. (2014). The effects of group psychoeducational programme on family burden in caregivers of Iranian patients with schizophrenia. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 21(5), 438–446. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpm.12107
- Kolostoumpis, D., Bergiannaki, J. D., Peppou, L. E., Louki, E., Fousketaki, S., Patelakis, A., & Economou, M. P. (2015). Effectiveness of relatives’ psychoeducation on family outcomes in bipolar disorder. International Journal of Mental Health, 44(4), 290–302. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207411.2015.1076292
- Lefley, H. P. (2009). Family psychoeducation for serious mental illness. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195340495.001.0001
- Leszko, M. (2019). The effectiveness of psychoeducational and financial intervention to support caregivers of individuals with alzheimer’s disease in Poland. Innovation in Aging, 3(3), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz026
- Liu, Z., Heffernan, C., & Tan, J. (2020). Caregiver burden: A concept analysis. International Journal of Nursing Sciences, 7(4), 438–445. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnss.2020.07.012
- Martín-Carrasco, M., Fernández-Catalina, P., Domínguez-Panchón, A. I., Gonçalves-Pereira, M., González-Fraile, E., Muñoz-Hermoso, P., & Ballesteros, J. (2016). A randomized trial to assess the efficacy of a psychoeducational intervention on caregiver burden in schizophrenia. European Psychiatry, 33(1), 9–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.003
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- Purba, J. M., & Bukit, E. K. (2017). The effect of a psychoeducation intervention on burden among caregivers of persons with schizophrenia in Medan. Proceedings of the 1st Public Health International Conference (PHICo 2016), 140–144. https://doi.org/10.2991/phico-16.2017.69
- Putri, T. A. R. K., Ramadita, W., Supriatin, E., & Hayati, S. N. (2022). Psychoeducational intervention for family caregiver burden in stroke patients care. Risenologi, 7(1a), 21–25. https://doi.org/10.47028/j.risenologi.2022.71a.327
- Rahmawati, I. M. H., & Rosyidah, I. (2020). Modul terapi family psycoeducation (FPE) untuk keluarga: Mengatasi masalah-masalah psikologis keluarga. Media Nusa Creative.
- Retnawati, H., Apino, E., Kartianom, Djidu, H., & Anazifa, R. D. (2018). Pengantar Analisis Meta. Parama Publishing.
- Schulman-Green, D., Feder, S. L., Dionne-Odom, J. N., Batten, J., En Long, V. J., Harris, Y., Wilpers, A., Wong, T., & Whittemore, R. (2021). Family caregiver support of patient self-management during chronic, life-limiting illness: A qualitative metasynthesis. Journal of Family Nursing, 27(1), 55–72. https://doi.org/10.1177/1074840720977180
- Singh, B., Singh, U., Gupta, R., Singh, P., & Purushottam. (2021). Brief family intervention for caregivers of patients with schizophrenia. Indian Journal of Behavioural Sciences, 24(1), 13–21.
- Siswoaribowo, A., Sakundarno, M., & Mu’in, M. (2018). Effect of family psychoeducation on caregiver support in the treatment of patients with type II diabetes mellitus. Belitung Nursing Journal, 4(1), 112–119. https://doi.org/10.33546/bnj.342
- Stats Direct. (n.d.). Statistica help. Retrieved December 23, 2023, from https://www.statsdirect.com/help/Default.htm#meta_analysis/meta_analyses.htm?TocPath=Meta-analysis%257C_____0
- Suharsono, S., Faidah, N., & Hanafi, M. (2023). The effectiveness of nursing psychoeducation toward family burden and quality life on caregiver of people with schizophrenia in the community. Healthcare in Low-Resource Settings, 11(s1). https://doi.org/10.4081/hls.2023.11215
- Suja. (2015). Family burden and subjective well being in family caregivers of persons with intellectual disability. Social Science, 5(2), 751–754.
- Tawfik, N. M., Sabry, N. A., Darwish, H., Mowafy, M., & Soliman, S. S. A. (2021). Psychoeducational program for the family member caregivers of people with dementia to reduce perceived burden and increase patient’s quality of life: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Primary Care & Community Health, 12, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1177/21501327211014088
- Tessier, A., Roger, K., Gregoire, A., Desnavailles, P., & Misdrahi, D. (2023). Family psychoeducation to improve outcome in caregivers and patients with schizophrenia: A randomized clinical trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 14, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1171661
- Thimmajja, S. G., & Rathinasamy, E. V. L. (2019). Effectiveness of psycho-education on knowledge regarding schizophrenia and caregivers’ burden among caregivers of patients with schizophrenia – a randomized controlled trial. Family Medicine & Primary Care Review, 21(2), 104–111. https://doi.org/10.5114/fmpcr.2019.84552
- Timmerby, N., Austin, S. F., Ussing, K., Bech, P., & Csillag, C. (2016). Family psychoeducation for major depressive disorder – study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials, 17(1), 427. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-016-1549-0
- Valer, D. B., Aires, M., Fengler, F. L., & Paskulin, L. M. G. (2015). Adaptation and validation of the caregiver burden inventory for use with caregivers of elderly individuals. Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem, 23(1), 130–138. https://doi.org/10.1590/0104-1169.3357.2534
- Wahyuning, T. D., Sutomo, A. H., & Marchira, C. R. (2018). Impact of brief interactive psycho-education intervention on caregiver toward family care burden for schizophrenic patients at puskesmas Kasihan II, Bantul. Review of Primary Care Practice and Education (Kajian Praktik Dan Pendidikan Layanan Primer), 1(2), 37–43. https://doi.org/10.22146/rpcpe.33887
- World Federation for Mental Health. (2009). Caring for the caregiver: Why your mental health matters when you are caring for other. https://www.wfmh.org/img/what-we-do/publications/Caring-for-the-Caregiver-11_04_09-FINAL-2edit2018.pdf
- Yakubu, Y. A., & Schutte, D. W. (2018). Caregiver attributes and socio-demographic determinants of caregiving burden in selected low-income communities in cape town, South Africa. Journal of Compassionate Health Care, 5(1), 3. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40639-018-0046-6
- Zarit, S. H., Reever, K. E., & Bach-Peterson, J. (1980). Relatives of the impaired elderly: Correlates of feelings of burden. The Gerontologist, 20(6), 649–655. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/20.6.649
References
Ahmed, H. A. A. E., & Ghaith, R. F. A. H. (2018). Effect of psycho-educational program on families’ perception of burden and attitudes toward mental illness among caregivers of patients with schizophrenia. Egyptian Nursing Journal, 15(3), 331–344. https://doi.org/10.4103/ENJ.ENJ_25_18
Alqhtani, S. S., Barry, C., & King, B. (2021). A systematic review of family caregivers of persons with serious mental illnesses in Non-Western Countries. Saudi Journal of Nursing and Health Care, 4(3), 48–71. https://doi.org/10.36348/sjnhc.2021.v04i03.002
Bulut, M., Arslantaş, H., & Ferhan Dereboy, İ. (2016). Effects of psychoeducation given to caregivers of people with a diagnosis of schizophrenia. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 37(11), 800–810. https://doi.org/10.1080/01612840.2016.1222039
Emblem Health. (2010). Care for the family caregiver: A place to start. https://www.caregiving.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Emblem_CfC10_Final2.pdf
Grenyer, B. F. S., Bailey, R. C., Lewis, K. L., Matthias, M., Garretty, T., & Bickerton, A. (2019). A randomized controlled trial of group psychoeducation for carers of persons with borderline personality disorder. Journal of Personality Disorders, 33(2), 214–228. https://doi.org/10.1521/pedi_2018_32_340
Hovland, C. A., & Mallett, C. A. (2021). Positive aspects of family caregiving for older adults at end-of-life: A qualitative examination. Journal of Social Work in End-of-Life & Palliative Care, 17(1), 64–82. https://doi.org/10.1080/15524256.2021.1888845
Joa, I., Johannessen, J. O., Heiervang, K. S., Sviland, A. A., Nordin, H. A., Landers, M., Ruud, T., Drake, R. E., & Bond, G. R. (2020). The family psychoeducation fidelity scale: Psychometric properties. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research, 47(6), 894–900. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10488-020-01040-3
Khoshknab, M. F., Sheikhona, M., Rahgouy, A., Rahgozar, M., & Sodagari, F. (2014). The effects of group psychoeducational programme on family burden in caregivers of Iranian patients with schizophrenia. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 21(5), 438–446. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpm.12107
Kolostoumpis, D., Bergiannaki, J. D., Peppou, L. E., Louki, E., Fousketaki, S., Patelakis, A., & Economou, M. P. (2015). Effectiveness of relatives’ psychoeducation on family outcomes in bipolar disorder. International Journal of Mental Health, 44(4), 290–302. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207411.2015.1076292
Lefley, H. P. (2009). Family psychoeducation for serious mental illness. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195340495.001.0001
Leszko, M. (2019). The effectiveness of psychoeducational and financial intervention to support caregivers of individuals with alzheimer’s disease in Poland. Innovation in Aging, 3(3), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz026
Liu, Z., Heffernan, C., & Tan, J. (2020). Caregiver burden: A concept analysis. International Journal of Nursing Sciences, 7(4), 438–445. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnss.2020.07.012
Martín-Carrasco, M., Fernández-Catalina, P., Domínguez-Panchón, A. I., Gonçalves-Pereira, M., González-Fraile, E., Muñoz-Hermoso, P., & Ballesteros, J. (2016). A randomized trial to assess the efficacy of a psychoeducational intervention on caregiver burden in schizophrenia. European Psychiatry, 33(1), 9–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.003
Ng, R., & Indran, N. (2021). Societal perceptions of caregivers linked to culture across 20 countries: Evidence from a 10-billion-word database. PLoS ONE, 16(7), e0251161. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251161
Onyeneho, C. A., & Ilesanmi, R. E. (2021). Burden of care and perceived psycho-social outcomes among family caregivers of patients living with cancer. Asia-Pacific Journal of Oncology Nursing, 8(3), 330–336. https://doi.org/10.4103/2347-5625.308678
Palli, A., Kontoangelos, K., Richardson, C., & Economou, M. P. (2015). Effects of group psychoeducational intervention for family members of people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders: Results on family cohesion, caregiver burden, and caregiver depressive symptoms. International Journal of Mental Health, 44(4), 277–289. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207411.2015.1076291
Purba, J. M., & Bukit, E. K. (2017). The effect of a psychoeducation intervention on burden among caregivers of persons with schizophrenia in Medan. Proceedings of the 1st Public Health International Conference (PHICo 2016), 140–144. https://doi.org/10.2991/phico-16.2017.69
Putri, T. A. R. K., Ramadita, W., Supriatin, E., & Hayati, S. N. (2022). Psychoeducational intervention for family caregiver burden in stroke patients care. Risenologi, 7(1a), 21–25. https://doi.org/10.47028/j.risenologi.2022.71a.327
Rahmawati, I. M. H., & Rosyidah, I. (2020). Modul terapi family psycoeducation (FPE) untuk keluarga: Mengatasi masalah-masalah psikologis keluarga. Media Nusa Creative.
Retnawati, H., Apino, E., Kartianom, Djidu, H., & Anazifa, R. D. (2018). Pengantar Analisis Meta. Parama Publishing.
Schulman-Green, D., Feder, S. L., Dionne-Odom, J. N., Batten, J., En Long, V. J., Harris, Y., Wilpers, A., Wong, T., & Whittemore, R. (2021). Family caregiver support of patient self-management during chronic, life-limiting illness: A qualitative metasynthesis. Journal of Family Nursing, 27(1), 55–72. https://doi.org/10.1177/1074840720977180
Singh, B., Singh, U., Gupta, R., Singh, P., & Purushottam. (2021). Brief family intervention for caregivers of patients with schizophrenia. Indian Journal of Behavioural Sciences, 24(1), 13–21.
Siswoaribowo, A., Sakundarno, M., & Mu’in, M. (2018). Effect of family psychoeducation on caregiver support in the treatment of patients with type II diabetes mellitus. Belitung Nursing Journal, 4(1), 112–119. https://doi.org/10.33546/bnj.342
Stats Direct. (n.d.). Statistica help. Retrieved December 23, 2023, from https://www.statsdirect.com/help/Default.htm#meta_analysis/meta_analyses.htm?TocPath=Meta-analysis%257C_____0
Suharsono, S., Faidah, N., & Hanafi, M. (2023). The effectiveness of nursing psychoeducation toward family burden and quality life on caregiver of people with schizophrenia in the community. Healthcare in Low-Resource Settings, 11(s1). https://doi.org/10.4081/hls.2023.11215
Suja. (2015). Family burden and subjective well being in family caregivers of persons with intellectual disability. Social Science, 5(2), 751–754.
Tawfik, N. M., Sabry, N. A., Darwish, H., Mowafy, M., & Soliman, S. S. A. (2021). Psychoeducational program for the family member caregivers of people with dementia to reduce perceived burden and increase patient’s quality of life: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Primary Care & Community Health, 12, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1177/21501327211014088
Tessier, A., Roger, K., Gregoire, A., Desnavailles, P., & Misdrahi, D. (2023). Family psychoeducation to improve outcome in caregivers and patients with schizophrenia: A randomized clinical trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 14, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1171661
Thimmajja, S. G., & Rathinasamy, E. V. L. (2019). Effectiveness of psycho-education on knowledge regarding schizophrenia and caregivers’ burden among caregivers of patients with schizophrenia – a randomized controlled trial. Family Medicine & Primary Care Review, 21(2), 104–111. https://doi.org/10.5114/fmpcr.2019.84552
Timmerby, N., Austin, S. F., Ussing, K., Bech, P., & Csillag, C. (2016). Family psychoeducation for major depressive disorder – study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials, 17(1), 427. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-016-1549-0
Valer, D. B., Aires, M., Fengler, F. L., & Paskulin, L. M. G. (2015). Adaptation and validation of the caregiver burden inventory for use with caregivers of elderly individuals. Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem, 23(1), 130–138. https://doi.org/10.1590/0104-1169.3357.2534
Wahyuning, T. D., Sutomo, A. H., & Marchira, C. R. (2018). Impact of brief interactive psycho-education intervention on caregiver toward family care burden for schizophrenic patients at puskesmas Kasihan II, Bantul. Review of Primary Care Practice and Education (Kajian Praktik Dan Pendidikan Layanan Primer), 1(2), 37–43. https://doi.org/10.22146/rpcpe.33887
World Federation for Mental Health. (2009). Caring for the caregiver: Why your mental health matters when you are caring for other. https://www.wfmh.org/img/what-we-do/publications/Caring-for-the-Caregiver-11_04_09-FINAL-2edit2018.pdf
Yakubu, Y. A., & Schutte, D. W. (2018). Caregiver attributes and socio-demographic determinants of caregiving burden in selected low-income communities in cape town, South Africa. Journal of Compassionate Health Care, 5(1), 3. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40639-018-0046-6
Zarit, S. H., Reever, K. E., & Bach-Peterson, J. (1980). Relatives of the impaired elderly: Correlates of feelings of burden. The Gerontologist, 20(6), 649–655. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/20.6.649