Main Article Content
Abstract
ABSTRAK: Remaja tunagrahita memiliki kerentanan tinggi terhadap kekerasan seksual karena keterbatasan dalam mengenali, menolak, dan melaporkan situasi berisiko. Penelitian ini mengkaji efektivitas pelatihan asertif untuk meningkatkan personal safety skills pada remaja tunagrahita. Pelatihan ini bertujuan memperkuat kemampuan untuk mengenali, menolak, dan melaporkan situasi berisiko kekerasan. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain eksperimental sejati dengan dua kelompok: kelompok eksperimen yang menerima pelatihan asertif dan kelompok kontrol yang tidak menerima intervensi. Sampel terdiri dari 18 remaja Perempuan tunagrahita ringan usia 13–19 tahun. Hasil uji paired-samples t-test menunjukkan peningkatan signifikan pada keterampilan keselamatan diri setelah intervensi (p = .027). Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa pelatihan asertif efektif dalam meningkatkan kemampuan anak untuk mengenali dan menetapkan batasan dalam situasi berisiko.
Kata kunci: pelatihan asertif, personal safety skills, tunagrahita, remaja, pencegahan kekerasan seksual.
ABSTRACT: Adolescents with intellectual disabilities are highly vulnerable to sexual violence due to limitations in recognizing, resisting, and reporting risky situations. This study examined the effectiveness of assertive training in enhancing personal safety skills among adolescents with intellectual disabilities. The training aimed to strengthen their ability to recognize, refuse, and report situations involving the risk of abuse. A true experimental design was used, involving two groups: an experimental group that received assertive training and a control group with no intervention. The sample consisted of 18 female adolescents with mild intellectual disabilities aged 13–19 years. Results of the paired-sample t-test showed a significant increase in personal safety skills following the intervention (p = .027). These findings suggest that assertive training effectively improves adolescents’ ability to recognize and establish boundaries in high-risk situations.
Keywords: assertive training, personal safety skills, intellectual disabilities, adolescents, sexual abuse prevention.
Keywords
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Copyright (c) 2025 Sati Lastari, Ria Wardani, Jane Savitri
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References
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References
Alberti, R., & Emmons, M. (2017). Your perfect right: Assertiveness and equality in your life and relationships (C. Nixon, Ed.; Tenth Edition). New Harbinger Publication, Inc.
American Psychiatric Association. (2022).
Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. American Psychiatric Association Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books .9780890425787
Azwar, S. (2012). Penyusuna skala psikologi (2nd ed.). Pustaka Pelajar.
Brkić-Jovanović, N., Runjo, V., Tamaš, D., Slavković, S., & Milankov, V. (2021). Persons with intellectual disability: Sexual behaviour, knowledge and assertiveness. Slovenian Journal of Public Health, 60(2), 82–89. https://doi.org/10.2478/sjph- 2021-0013
Byrne, G. (2018). Prevalence and psychological sequelae of sexual abuse among individuals with an intellectual disability: A review of the recent literature. Journal of Intellectual Disabilities, 22(3), 294– 310. https://doi.org/10.1177/17446295 17698844
Dworkin, E. R., Menon, S. V., Bystrynski, J., & Allen, N. E. (2017). Sexual assault victimization and psychopathology: A review and meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 56, 65–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2017. 06.002
Gholamfarkhani, S., Khoori, E., Derakhshanpour, F., Aryaie, M., & Wurtele, S. K. (2018). Psychometric properties of the personal safety questionnaire and “what if” situations test: Persian versions. Science and Education, 1, 14–21.
Gravetter, F., & Forzano, L.-A. B. (2016).
Research methods for the behavioral sciences. Cengage Learning.
Graziano, A. M., & Raulin, M. L. (2000).
Research methods: A process of inquiry. Allyn and Bacon.
Jojo, N., Nattala, P., Seshadri, S., Krishnakumar, P., & Thomas, S. (2023). Knowledge of sexual abuse and resistance ability among children with intellectual disability. Child Abuse & Neglect, 136, 105985. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.20 22.105985
Jones, L., Bellis, M. A., Wood, S., Hughes, K., McCoy, E., Eckley, L., Bates, G.,
Mikton, C., Shakespeare, T., & Officer, A. (2012). Prevalence and risk of violence against children with disabilities: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. The Lancet, 380(9845), 899–907. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140- 6736(12)60692-8
Juarni, S. E., Mukhtar, D. Y., & Daulay, D. A. (2020). Knowledge and personal safety skill of children in Banda Aceh. International Research Journal of Advanced Engineering and Science, 5(1), 60–62.
Karmakar, N., Arora, S., & Franky, S. (2020). Effectiveness of assertiveness
training programme on knowledge and attitude of adolescent girls regarding prevention of sexual abuse. Journal of Nursing Science & Practice, 10(2), 57–61.
Komnas Perempuan. (2023, March).
Peluncuran catatan tahunan komnas perempuan 2023: Menolak lupa, tegakkan keadilan [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v =bdXae8WcxcI
Kumalasari, D., & Kurniawati, F. (2018). The effectiveness of Behavioral Skills Training (BST) program to improve personal safety skills for down syndrome adolescent with mild intellectual disability. Psychological Research on Urban Society, 1(2), 81– 89. https://doi.org/10.7454/proust.v1i 2.28
Miltenberger, R. G. (2008). Behavior modification: Principles and
procedures (4th ed.). Thomson Higher Education.
Noviani, U. Z., Arifah, R., Cecep, C., & Humaedi, S. (2018). Mengatasi dan mencegah tindak kekerasan seksual pada perempuan dengan pelatihan asertif. Prosiding Penelitian Dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 5(1), 48–55. https://doi.org/10.24198/jppm.v5i 1.16035
Santrock, J. W. (2019). Adolescence (17th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.
Wissink, I. B., van Vugt, E., Moonen, X., Stams, G.-J. J. M., & Hendriks, J.
(2015). Sexual abuse involving children with an intellectual disability (ID): A narrative review. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 36, 20–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.201 4.09.007
Zulfah, R. H. (2019). Pengaruh assertive training untuk mengurangi perilaku agresif pada siswa tunagrahita kelas X SMALB di SLB Negeri Gedangan Sidoarjo [Skripsi]. Universitas Negeri Surabaya.