Main Article Content
Abstract
Insiden kebocoran data di Pusat Data Nasional Sementara 2 (PDNS 2) Surabaya menunjukkan pentingnya penerapan budaya keamanan siber yang efektif dalam sebuah organisasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak kebocoran data PDNS 2 Surabaya melalui pendekatan Matriks Budaya Keamanan Siber yang dan Matriks Dimensi Budaya Nasional Hofstede dengan data sampel berita yang diperoleh secara online. Tanggal publikasi beritanya adalah 26 Juni 2024 - 10 Juli 2024. Keterbatasan penelitian ini terletak pada sumber data yang hanya berasal dari berita online. Implikasi manajerial diberikan dari aspek manajemen puncak dan karyawan. Kesimpulan penelitian ini diuraikan dari aspek: (1) Kebutuhan akan peningkatan kesadaran dan pendidikan keamanan; (2) pentingnya penerapan dan kepatuhan terhadap kebijakan keamanan; (3) respons cepat dan efektif terhadap insiden; (4) pengembangan proses pemulihan dan backup data yang kuat; (5) orientasi jangka panjang dalam pengelolaan keamanan informasi; serta (6) penegakan disiplin dan pengendalian internal.
Keywords
Article Details
Copyright (c) 2024 Fikri Irfan Adristi, Erika Ramadhani
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
References
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References
Ahlan, A.R., Lubis, M. dan Lubis, A.R. (2015) “Information Security Awareness at the Knowledge-Based Institution: Its Antecedents and Measures,” in Procedia Computer Science. Amsterdam: Elsevier B.V., hal. 361–373. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2015.12.151.
AlHogail, A. (2015) “Design and validation of information security culture framework,” Computers in Human Behavior, 49, hal. 567–575. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.03.054.
Ali, T., Al-Khalidi, M. dan Al-Zaidi, R. (2024) “Information Security Risk Assessment Methods in Cloud Computing: Comprehensive Review,” Journal of Computer Information Systems, hal. 1–28. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1080/08874417.2024.2329985.
Alraja, M.N., Butt, U.J. dan Abbod, M. (2023) “Information security policies compliance in a global setting: An employee’s perspective,” Computers & Security, 129, hal. 103208. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cose.2023.103208.
Alvarez-Dionisi, L.E. dan Urrego-Baquero, N. (2019) “Implementing a Cybersecurity Culture,” ISACA JOURNAL, 2, hal. 1–6. Tersedia pada: https://www.isaca.org/resources/isaca-journal/issues/2019/volume-2/implementing-a-cybersecurity-culture.
Anggraeni, R. (2024a) DPR Sesali Bertahun-tahun PDNS 2 Tidak Punya Data Cadangan (Backup), Bisnis Tekno. Diedit oleh Leo Dwi Jatmiko. Tersedia pada: https://teknologi.bisnis.com/read/20240627/101/1777675/dpr-sesali-bertahun-tahun-pdns-2-tidak-punya-data-cadangan-backup (Diakses: 24 Juli 2024).
Anggraeni, R. (2024b) Server PDNS Down, BSSN Lakukan Audit Digital Forensik, Bisnis Tekno. Tersedia pada: https://teknologi.bisnis.com/read/20240627/101/1777617/server-pdns-down-bssn-lakukan-audit-digital-forensik (Diakses: 24 Juli 2024).
Aranditio, S. (2024) Terdampak Peretasan PDN, Apa yang Harus Dilakukan Mahasiswa Penerima Beasiswa KIP Kuliah?, Kompas.id. Tersedia pada: https://www.kompas.id/baca/humaniora/2024/07/01/kemendikbudristek-pastikan-data-pokok-pendidikan-aman-dari-peretasan-pdn (Diakses: 24 Juli 2024).
Ashraf, S. (2005) “Organization Need and Everyone’s Responsibility Information Security Awareness.” SANS Institute, hal. 21. Tersedia pada: https://www.giac.org/paper/gsec/4340/organization-everyones-responsibility-information-security-awareness/107113#:~:text=Information Security Awareness is user’s,like confidentiality%2C integrity and availability.
Ayanwale, M.A. et al. (2023) “A Structural Equation Approach and Modelling of Pre-service Teachers’ Perspectives of Cybersecurity Education,” Education and Information Technologies [Preprint]. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-023-11973-5.
Bhagat, S. dan Pravin, D.P. (2023) “Cybersecurity Awareness and Adaptive Behavior: Does Prior Exposure Lead to Adaptive Behavior?,” in AMCIS 2023 Proceedings. Panama City: AIS Electronic Library (AISel), hal. 23.
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CNN Indonesia (2024a) Imbas Peretasan PDNS, Pemerintah Godok Aturan Kewajiban Backup Data, CNN Indonesia. Tersedia pada: https://www.cnnindonesia.com/teknologi/20240710091916-192-1119505/imbas-peretasan-pdns-pemerintah-godok-aturan-kewajiban-backup-data (Diakses: 24 Juli 2024).
CNN Indonesia (2024b) Insiden Peretasan PDNS 2, Pakar Sorot Kualitas SDM Indonesia, CNN Indonesia. Tersedia pada: https://www.cnnindonesia.com/teknologi/20240626110919-192-1114286/insiden-peretasan-pdns-2-pakar-sorot-kualitas-sdm-indonesia (Diakses: 24 Juli 2024).
CNN Indonesia (2024c) Update Kasus PDNS 2: Brain Cipher Minta Maaf, Dirjen Aptika Mundur, CNN Indonesia. Tersedia pada: https://www.cnnindonesia.com/teknologi/20240705142613-192-1117995/update-kasus-pdns-2-brain-cipher-minta-maaf-dirjen-aptika-mundur/2 (Diakses: 24 Juli 2024).
D’Arcy, J., Hovav, A. dan Galletta, D. (2009) “User Awareness of Security Countermeasures and Its Impact on Information Systems Misuse: A Deterrence Approach,” Information Systems Research, 20(1), hal. 79–98. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.1070.0160.
EC-Council (2022) Ethical Hacking and Countermeasures Academia Series Version 12. Albuquerque: EC-Council New Mexico.
Fadilah, K. (2024) Pemerintah Bakal Siapkan 4 Lapis Backup Data Usai PDNS Diretas, detikNews. Tersedia pada: https://news.detik.com/berita/d-7417288/pemerintah-bakal-siapkan-4-lapis-backup-data-usai-pdns-diretas (Diakses: 24 Juli 2024).
Hadyan, R. (2024) Password Disebar Karyawan Picu Serangan Siber ke PDNS 2, Bagaimana Mitigasinya?, Investor Trust. Diedit oleh F.F.S. Putra. Tersedia pada: https://investortrust.id/news/password-disebar-karyawan-picu-serangan-siber-ke-pdns-2-bagaimana-mitigasinya (Diakses: 24 Juli 2024).
Harper, J.W. (2023) “Cybersecurity: A review of human-based behavior and best practices to mitigate risk.” MACON: School of Computing Faculty of Middle Georgia State University, hal. 1–9. Tersedia pada: https://comp.mga.edu/static/media/doctoralpapers/2023_Harper_0516152313.pdf.
Hofstede, G., Hofstede, G.J. dan Minkov, M. (2010) Cultures and Organizations Software of The Mind: Intercultural Cooperation and Its Importance for Survival. The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Hofstede, G. dan Minkov, M. (2010) “Long- versus short-term orientation: new perspectives,” Asia Pacific Business Review, 16(4), hal. 493–504. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1080/13602381003637609.
Katsantonis, M.N. et al. (2023) “Cyber range design framework for cyber security education and training,” International Journal of Information Security, 22(4), hal. 1005–1027. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10207-023-00680-4.
Kure, E. (2024) Peretasan PDNS 2 Diduga Ulah Oknum Karyawan Lintasarta, Berhenti Kerja Agustus 2021 dan Mulai Bocorkan Data 11 Oktober 2022, Berita Satu. Diedit oleh AD. Tersedia pada: https://www.beritasatu.com/ekonomi/2827333/peretasan-pdns-2-diduga-ulah-oknum-karyawan-lintasarta-berhenti-kerja-agustus-2021-dan-mulai-bocorkan-data-11-oktober-2022 (Diakses: 24 Juli 2024).
Kwon, R. et al. (2020) “Cyber Threat Dictionary Using MITRE ATT&CK Matrix and NIST Cybersecurity Framework Mapping,” in 2020 Resilience Week (RWS). Salt Lake: IEEE, hal. 106–112. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1109/RWS50334.2020.9241271.
Luthfiani, D. (2024) Peretas Pusat Data Nasional Minta Tebusan Rp 131 Miliar, Tempo. Diedit oleh R. Paraqbueq. Tersedia pada: https://nasional.tempo.co/read/1883534/peretas-pusat-data-nasional-minta-tebusan-rp-131-miliar (Diakses: 24 Juli 2024).
Merriam, S.B. (2009) Qualitative Research A Guide to Design and Implementation. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Tersedia pada: https://www.wiley.com/en-us/Qualitative+Research%3A+A+Guide+to+Design+and+Implementation%2C+4th+Edition-p-9781119003618.
Mikuletič, S. et al. (2024) “Security and privacy oriented information security culture (ISC): Explaining unauthorized access to healthcare data by nursing employees,” Computers & Security, 136, hal. 103489. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cose.2023.103489.
Molle, S.S. et al. (2024) “Pengaruh Dimensi Budaya Nasional Hofstede terhadap Kinerja Pegawai dalam Pengelolaan Keuangan di Pemerintah Kota Kupang,” Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Batanghari Jambi, 24(2), hal. 1683–1691. Tersedia pada: http://ji.unbari.ac.id/index.php/ilmiah/article/view/4963.
Niemimaa, M. (2024) “Incorrect Compliance and Correct Noncompliance with Information Security Policies: A Framework of Rule-Related Information Security Behaviour,” Computers & Security, hal. 103986. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cose.2024.103986.
Oltsik, J. (2024) Improving cybersecurity culture: A priority in the year of the CISO, CSO. Tersedia pada: https://www.csoonline.com/article/1298541/improving-cybersecurity-culture-a-priority-in-the-year-of-the-ciso.html#:~:text=“The concept of cybersecurity culture,people’s behavior with information technologies. (Diakses: 24 Juli 2024).
Pratiwi, M.I. (2017) IMPLEMENTASI GAYA KEPEMIMPINAN PATERNALISTIK (STUDI KASUS PT JASA RAHARJA PERSERO CABANG JAWA TENGAH). Universitas Diponegoro. Tersedia pada: https://repofeb.undip.ac.id/9649/.
Puspitasari, D. (2024) Tata Kelola PDN Kacau, Harus Sanksi Tak Cuma Minta Maaf, KABARBURSA.COM. Tersedia pada: https://www.kabarbursa.com/berita-pilihan/63443/tata-kelola-pdn-kacau-harus-sanksi-tak-cuma-minta-maaf (Diakses: 24 Juli 2024).
Rahmawati, D. (2024) BSSN Jelaskan Upaya Pulihkan Layanan Imigrasi Usai PDNS Kena Ransomware, detikNews. Tersedia pada: https://news.detik.com/berita/d-7412027/bssn-jelaskan-upaya-pulihkan-layanan-imigrasi-usai-pdns-kena-ransomware (Diakses: 24 Juli 2024).
Rochman, F. (2024) Dirjen Aptika mundur setelah insiden serangan siber terhadap PDNS 2, Antara Kuala Lumpur. Diedit oleh V.P. Setyorini. Antara. Tersedia pada: https://kl.antaranews.com/berita/26115/dirjen-aptika-mundur-setelah-insiden-serangan-siber-terhadap-pdns-2 (Diakses: 24 Juli 2024).
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