Main Article Content
Abstract
The causality and bi-causality between corporate social responsibility and firm financial success are examined in this study. Companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the years 2018 through 2021 make up the study's population. The sampling method utilized is the purposive sampling method, which involves selecting samples based on criteria. 62 companies made up the sample. The Granger’s causality test is the causality test that is employed. The findings revealed that: 1) Corporate social responsibility has a positive impact on financial performance as measured by price to book value and earnings per share. 2) Price to book value and earnings per share, which are financial performance indicators, have a positive impact on corporate social responsibility. 3) There is a correlation between corporate social responsibility and financial performance, as measured by price to book value and earnings per share, which is bi-causal (two-way causality) and positive in direction.
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References
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- Akbar, J. S. (2021). The effect of return on assets and return on equity on price to book value on banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. International Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting Research (IJEBAR), 5(3), 1677-1688.
- Badruzaman, J. (2020). The impact of earning per share and return on equity on stock price. Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy, 11(6), 1285–1289. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5957
- Coelho, R., Jayantilal, S., & Ferreira, J. J. (2023). The impact of social responsibility on corporate financial performance: A systematic literature review. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 30(4), 1535–1560. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.2446
- DePamphilis, D. (2009). Mergers, Acquisitions, and Other Restructuring Activities: An Integrated Approach to Process, Tools, Cases, and Solutions. Germany: Elsevier Science. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-385487-2.00009-x
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- European Commission. Directorate-General for Employment. (2001). Promoting a European framework for corporate social responsibility. Office for Official Publications of the European Communities.
- Fatihudin, D., & Mochklas, M. (2018). How measuring financial performance. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET, 9(6), 553–557.
- Fernandez, M. R. (2016). Social responsibility and financial performance: The role of good corporate governance. BRQ Business Research Quarterly, 19(2), 137–151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brq.2015.08.001
- Financial Services Authority (OJK RI). (2017). Financial Services Authority Regulation Number 51/POJK.03/2017 concerning the Implementation of Sustainable Finance for Financial Services Institutions, Issuers, and Public Companies.
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- Firman, M. J., Kahar, F., & Taddampali, A. C. T. (2020). Corporate social responsibility in Timika Papua. Pinisi Business Administration Review, 2(1), 27–34.
- Freeman, R. E. (1994). The politics of stakeholder theory: Some future directions. Business Ethics Quarterly, 409-421. https://doi.org/10.2307/3857340
- Garai, S. (2017). Impact of corporate social responsibility on firm’s financial performance with a special reference of RIL. International Journal of Applied Research, 3(1), 38–41.
- Ghardallou, W., & Alessa, N. (2022). Corporate social responsibility and firm performance in GCC Countries: A panel smooth transition regression model. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(13), 7908. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14137908
- Global Reporting Initiative (2016). Global Reporting Initiative. Retrieved from https://www.globalreporting.org/about-gri/mission-history/
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- Hirigoyen, G., & Poulain-Rehm, T. (2014). Relationships between corporate social responsibility and financial performance: What is the causality?. Journal of Business & Management, 4(1), 18–43. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2531631
- Hitt, M. A., Ireland, R. D., & Hoskisson, R. E. (2016). Strategic Management: Competitiveness & Globalization, 12th edition. United Kingdom: Thomson/South-Western.
- Hörisch, J., Schaltegger, S., & Freeman, R. E. (2020). Integrating stakeholder theory and sustainability accounting: A conceptual synthesis. Journal of Cleaner Production, 275, 124097. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124097
- Hudzafidah, K., Dhany, U. R., & Rahmansyah, A. I. (2023). The effect of profitability on corporate social responsibility (CSR) in Indonesia: Environmental performance as a moderator. Wiga: Jurnal Penelitian Ilmu Ekonomi, 13(1), 103–113. https://doi.org/10.30741/wiga.v13i1.974
- Indonesian Accounting Association (IAI) (2018). Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 1: Presentation of Financial Statements.
- International Standard Organization 26000 (2010). Guidance on Social Responsibility. Retrieved from www.iso.org
- Kang, C., Germann, F., & Grewal, R. (2016). Washing away your sins? Corporate social responsibility, corporate social irresponsibility, and firm performance. Journal of Marketing, 80(2), 59–79. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1509/jm.15.0324
- Kesto, D. A. (2017). The impact of corporate social responsibility practices on financial performance of banking sector in Ethiopia. Global Journal of Management and Business Research, 17(1), 29–44.
- Leung, Z. B. G., & Philomena, L. (2013). An empirical analysis of the determinants of greenhouse gas voluntary disclosure in Australia. Accounting and Finance Research, 2(1), 110–127. https://doi.org/10.5430/afr.v2n1p110
- Lin, W. L., Law, S. H., Ho, J. A., & Sambasivan, M. (2019). The causality direction of the corporate social responsibility – Corporate financial performance Nexus: Application of panel vector autoregression approach. North American Journal of Economics and Finance, 48, 401–418. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.najef.2019.03.004
- Malik, S. M., & Nadeem, M. (2014). Impact of corporate social responsibility on the financial performance of banks in Pakistan. International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences, 10(1), 9–19. https://doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilshs.21.9
- Nakamura, E. (2015). The Bi-directional CSR investment – economic performance relationship. Journal of Global Responsibility, 6(1), 128–144. https://doi.org/10.1108/JGR-05-2014-0021
- Öberseder, M., Schlegelmilch, B. B., & Murphy, P. E. (2013). CSR practices and consumer perceptions. Journal of Business Research, 66(10), 1839–1851. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2013.02.005
- Sihaloho, J., & Rochyadi, A. (2021). The influence of price-earning ratio (PER), earnings per share (EPS), and Price-to-book Value (PBV) on stock prices and firm size as mediators in food and beverage sub-sector manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange 2015-2020. International Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting Research (IJEBAR), 5(4), 432–446.
- Siswanto, E., & Daniswara, D. R. (2022). Do financial performance and company characteristics affect corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure? Adpebi International Journal of Multidisciplinary Sciences, 1(1), 221–231. https://doi.org/10.54099/aijms.v1i1
- Sukoharsono, E. G. (2019). Sustaining a sustainability report by modifying triple bottom line to pentaple bottom line: An imaginary research dialogue. The International Journal of Accounting and Business Society, 27(1), 119–127.
- The World Business Council for Sustainable Development (1999). Corporate Social Responsibility: Meeting Changing Expectations. World Business Council for Sustainable Development.
- Tran, T. Q. (2022). The impact of financial performance on corporate social responsibility disclosure: The case of VN100 in Vietnam. Social Responsibility Journal, 18(4), 744–756. https://doi.org/10.1108/SRJ-09-2020-0363
- Wang, Q., Dou, J., & Jia, S. (2016). A meta-analytic review of corporate social responsibility and corporate financial performance: The moderating effect of contextual factors. Business and Society, 55(8), 1–39. https://doi.org/10.1177/0007650315584317
References
Adamkaite, J., Streimikiene, D., & Rudzioniene, K. (2023). The impact of social responsibility on corporate financial performance in the energy sector: Evidence from Lithuania. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 30(1), 91-104. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.2340
Akbar, J. S. (2021). The effect of return on assets and return on equity on price to book value on banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. International Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting Research (IJEBAR), 5(3), 1677-1688.
Badruzaman, J. (2020). The impact of earning per share and return on equity on stock price. Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy, 11(6), 1285–1289. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5957
Coelho, R., Jayantilal, S., & Ferreira, J. J. (2023). The impact of social responsibility on corporate financial performance: A systematic literature review. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 30(4), 1535–1560. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.2446
DePamphilis, D. (2009). Mergers, Acquisitions, and Other Restructuring Activities: An Integrated Approach to Process, Tools, Cases, and Solutions. Germany: Elsevier Science. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-385487-2.00009-x
Diez-Busto, E., San-Martín, P., & Pérez, A. (2022). Companies and the UN Sustainable Development Goals: At the Intersection Between Social Impact and Business Value. In Perez, A. (Eds), Future Advancements for CSR and the Sustainable Development Goals in a Post-COVID-19 World (pp. 1–23). USA: IGI Global Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8065-3.ch001
Ekienabor, E., Kayode, O. S., & Ekienabor, O. (2022). Corporate social responsibility and corporate financial performance. Journal of Applied Agricultural Economics and Policy Analysis, 5(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.12691/jaaepa-5-1-1
European Commission. Directorate-General for Employment. (2001). Promoting a European framework for corporate social responsibility. Office for Official Publications of the European Communities.
Fatihudin, D., & Mochklas, M. (2018). How measuring financial performance. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET, 9(6), 553–557.
Fernandez, M. R. (2016). Social responsibility and financial performance: The role of good corporate governance. BRQ Business Research Quarterly, 19(2), 137–151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brq.2015.08.001
Financial Services Authority (OJK RI). (2017). Financial Services Authority Regulation Number 51/POJK.03/2017 concerning the Implementation of Sustainable Finance for Financial Services Institutions, Issuers, and Public Companies.
Financial Services Authority (OJK RI). (2021). Circular Letter of the Financial Services Authority Number 16/SEOJK.04/2021 concerning the Form and Content of the Annual Report of Issuers or Public Companies.
Firman, M. J., Kahar, F., & Taddampali, A. C. T. (2020). Corporate social responsibility in Timika Papua. Pinisi Business Administration Review, 2(1), 27–34.
Freeman, R. E. (1994). The politics of stakeholder theory: Some future directions. Business Ethics Quarterly, 409-421. https://doi.org/10.2307/3857340
Garai, S. (2017). Impact of corporate social responsibility on firm’s financial performance with a special reference of RIL. International Journal of Applied Research, 3(1), 38–41.
Ghardallou, W., & Alessa, N. (2022). Corporate social responsibility and firm performance in GCC Countries: A panel smooth transition regression model. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(13), 7908. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14137908
Global Reporting Initiative (2016). Global Reporting Initiative. Retrieved from https://www.globalreporting.org/about-gri/mission-history/
Goyal, L. (2022). Stakeholder theory: Revisiting the origins. Journal of Public Affairs, 22(3), e2559. https://doi.org/10.1002/pa.2559
Gunarsih, T., & Ismawati, Y. (2018). Sustainability report and firm performance: Study in mining and metal and food processing industry Indonesia Stock Exchange 2014-2017. Journal of Governance and Integrity, 2(1), 4–11. https://doi.org/10.15282/jgi.2.1.2018.5533
Hapsoro, D., & Sulistyarini, R. D. (2019). The effect of profitability and liquidity on CSR disclosure and its implication to economic consequences. The Indonesian Accounting Review, 9(2), 143–154. https://doi.org/10.14414/tiar.v9i2.1730
Hirigoyen, G., & Poulain-Rehm, T. (2014). Relationships between corporate social responsibility and financial performance: What is the causality?. Journal of Business & Management, 4(1), 18–43. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2531631
Hitt, M. A., Ireland, R. D., & Hoskisson, R. E. (2016). Strategic Management: Competitiveness & Globalization, 12th edition. United Kingdom: Thomson/South-Western.
Hörisch, J., Schaltegger, S., & Freeman, R. E. (2020). Integrating stakeholder theory and sustainability accounting: A conceptual synthesis. Journal of Cleaner Production, 275, 124097. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124097
Hudzafidah, K., Dhany, U. R., & Rahmansyah, A. I. (2023). The effect of profitability on corporate social responsibility (CSR) in Indonesia: Environmental performance as a moderator. Wiga: Jurnal Penelitian Ilmu Ekonomi, 13(1), 103–113. https://doi.org/10.30741/wiga.v13i1.974
Indonesian Accounting Association (IAI) (2018). Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 1: Presentation of Financial Statements.
International Standard Organization 26000 (2010). Guidance on Social Responsibility. Retrieved from www.iso.org
Kang, C., Germann, F., & Grewal, R. (2016). Washing away your sins? Corporate social responsibility, corporate social irresponsibility, and firm performance. Journal of Marketing, 80(2), 59–79. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1509/jm.15.0324
Kesto, D. A. (2017). The impact of corporate social responsibility practices on financial performance of banking sector in Ethiopia. Global Journal of Management and Business Research, 17(1), 29–44.
Leung, Z. B. G., & Philomena, L. (2013). An empirical analysis of the determinants of greenhouse gas voluntary disclosure in Australia. Accounting and Finance Research, 2(1), 110–127. https://doi.org/10.5430/afr.v2n1p110
Lin, W. L., Law, S. H., Ho, J. A., & Sambasivan, M. (2019). The causality direction of the corporate social responsibility – Corporate financial performance Nexus: Application of panel vector autoregression approach. North American Journal of Economics and Finance, 48, 401–418. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.najef.2019.03.004
Malik, S. M., & Nadeem, M. (2014). Impact of corporate social responsibility on the financial performance of banks in Pakistan. International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences, 10(1), 9–19. https://doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilshs.21.9
Nakamura, E. (2015). The Bi-directional CSR investment – economic performance relationship. Journal of Global Responsibility, 6(1), 128–144. https://doi.org/10.1108/JGR-05-2014-0021
Öberseder, M., Schlegelmilch, B. B., & Murphy, P. E. (2013). CSR practices and consumer perceptions. Journal of Business Research, 66(10), 1839–1851. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2013.02.005
Sihaloho, J., & Rochyadi, A. (2021). The influence of price-earning ratio (PER), earnings per share (EPS), and Price-to-book Value (PBV) on stock prices and firm size as mediators in food and beverage sub-sector manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange 2015-2020. International Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting Research (IJEBAR), 5(4), 432–446.
Siswanto, E., & Daniswara, D. R. (2022). Do financial performance and company characteristics affect corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure? Adpebi International Journal of Multidisciplinary Sciences, 1(1), 221–231. https://doi.org/10.54099/aijms.v1i1
Sukoharsono, E. G. (2019). Sustaining a sustainability report by modifying triple bottom line to pentaple bottom line: An imaginary research dialogue. The International Journal of Accounting and Business Society, 27(1), 119–127.
The World Business Council for Sustainable Development (1999). Corporate Social Responsibility: Meeting Changing Expectations. World Business Council for Sustainable Development.
Tran, T. Q. (2022). The impact of financial performance on corporate social responsibility disclosure: The case of VN100 in Vietnam. Social Responsibility Journal, 18(4), 744–756. https://doi.org/10.1108/SRJ-09-2020-0363
Wang, Q., Dou, J., & Jia, S. (2016). A meta-analytic review of corporate social responsibility and corporate financial performance: The moderating effect of contextual factors. Business and Society, 55(8), 1–39. https://doi.org/10.1177/0007650315584317