Main Article Content
Abstract
This study aims to examine the influence of opportunity-enhancing HR practices on employees’ creative performance, with work engagement as a mediating variable and proactive personality and job autonomy as moderating variables. The research addresses a gap in the literature, which often overlooks internal linkages among HR system components, particularly the role of opportunity-enhancing practices in translating employee potential into actual performance. The study involved 214 employees selected from a total population of 482 employees working in the palm oil mill industry in Riau Province, using systematic random sampling. Data were collected through a survey and analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) with SmartPLS 3.0. The results indicate that opportunity-enhancing HR practices positively affect creative performance through the mediating role of work engagement. Employees’ proactive personality strengthens this indirect effect. However, job autonomy does not significantly moderate the relationship between engagement and creative performance. Grounded in the componential theory of creativity and the conservation of resources theory, these findings provide practical insights for organizations aiming to foster innovation and sustain competitive advantage through targeted HR practices.
Keywords
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Copyright (c) 2025 Puspa Dewi, Devi Alviani

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References
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References
Al-Jedaiah, M. N. (2020). Gender inequality and human resource management (HRM) practices in jordanian commercial banks. International Journal of Human Resource Studies, 10(1), 369. https://doi.org/10.5296/ijhrs.v10i1.16178
Amabile, T. M. (1983). The social psychology of creativity: a componential conceptualization. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45(2), 357–376. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.45.2.357
Amabile, T. M., & Pratt, M. G. (2016). The dynamic componential model of creativity and innovation in organizations: making progress, making meaning. Research in Organizational Behavior, 36, 157–183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.riob.2016.10.001
Bakker, A. B. (2022). The social psychology of work engagement: state of the field. Career Development International, 27(1), 36–53. https://doi.org/10.1108/CDI-08-2021-0213
Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2008). Towards a model of work engagement. Career Development International, 13(3), 209–223. https://doi.org/10.1108/13620430810870476
Bakker, A. B., Tims, M., & Derks, D. (2012). Proactive personality and job performance: the role of job crafting and work engagement. Human Relations, 65(10), 1359–1378. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726712453471
Bakker, A. B., & Xanthopoulou, D. (2009). The crossover of daily work engagement: test of an actor–partner interdependence model. Journal of Applied Psychology, 94(6), 1562–1571. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0017525
Bateman, T. S., & Crant, J. M. (1993). The proactive component of organizational behavior: a measure and correlates. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 14(2), 103–118. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.4030140202
Bon, A. T., & Shire, A. M. (2022). Review of conservation of resources theory in job demands and resources model. International Journal of Global Optimization and Its Application, 1(4), 236–248. https://doi.org/10.56225/ijgoia.v1i4.102
Cai, D., Cai, Y., Sun, Y., & Ma, J. (2018). Linking empowering leadership and employee work engagement: the effects of person-job fit, person-group fit, and proactive personality. Frontiers in Psychology, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01304
Chiu, C., & Kwan, L. Y.-Y. (2010). Culture and creativity: a process model. Management and Organization Review, 6(3), 447–461. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-8784.2010.00194.x
Chong, S., Van Dyne, L., Kim, Y. J., & Oh, J. K. (2021). Drive and direction: empathy with intended targets moderates the proactive personality–job performance relationship via work engagement. Applied Psychology, 70(2), 575–605. https://doi.org/10.1111/apps.12240
Crant, J. M., & Bateman, T. S. (2000). Charismatic leadership viewed from above: the impact of proactive personality. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 21(1), 63–75. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1379(200002)21:1<63::AID-JOB8>3.0.CO;2-J
Darvishmotevali, M., Altinay, L., & De Vita, G. (2018). Emotional intelligence and creative performance: looking through the lens of environmental uncertainty and cultural intelligence. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 73, 44–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2018.01.014
De Spiegelaere, S., Van Gyes, G., & Van Hootegem, G. (2018). Innovative work behaviour and performance-related pay: rewarding the individual or the collective? International Journal of Human Resource Management, 29(12), 1900–1919. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2016.1216873
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The “what” and “why” of goal pursuits: human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227–268. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327965PLI1104_01
Delery, J. E. (1998). Issues of fit in strategic human resource management: implications for research. Human Resource Management Review, 8(3), 289–309. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1053-4822(98)90006-7
Dewi, P., & Alviani, D. (2023). The role of women’s leadership characteristics in shaping job autonomy and its effects on employee innovation performance. Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis, 14(2), 297–312. https://doi.org/10.18196/mb.v14i2.17648
Dikkers, J. S. E., Jansen, P. G. W., de Lange, A. H., Vinkenburg, C. J., & Kooij, D. (2010). Proactivity, job characteristics, and engagement: a longitudinal study. Career Development International, 15(1), 59–77. https://doi.org/10.1108/13620431011020899
Dong, Y., & Qu, Y. (2023). The impact mechanism and boundary conditions of tourists’ restoration perception on destination attachment: a resource conservation perspective. Tourism Management Perspectives, 48, 101165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2023.101165
El-Kassar, A.-N., Dagher, G. K., Lythreatis, S., & Azakir, M. (2022). Antecedents and consequences of knowledge hiding: the roles of HR practices, organizational support for creativity, creativity, innovative work behavior, and task performance. Journal of Business Research, 140, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.11.079
Fredrickson, B. L. (2013). Positive emotions broaden and build. In Devine P., & Plant, A. (Eds.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology (Vol. 47, pp. 1-53). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-407236-7.00001-2
Fuller, B., & Marler, L. E. (2009). Change driven by nature: a meta-analytic review of the proactive personality literature. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 75(3), 329–345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2009.05.008
García-Machado, J. J., & Martínez-Ávila, M. (2019). Environmental performance and green culture: the mediating effect of green innovation. an application to the automotive industry. Sustainability (Switzerland), 11(18). https://doi.org/10.3390/su11184874
Gu, Q., & Liu, M. (2023). The curvilinear effect of employee-experienced market-based HR systems on employee creativity in the Chinese context. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 34(12), 2546–2570. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2022.2088242
Gurbuz, F. G., & Hatunoglu, S. B. (2022). Assessment of organizational agility: adaptation and validation of the scale for application in Turkey. Journal of Management Marketing and Logistics, 9(1), 27-37. https://doi.org/10.17261/Pressacademia.2022.1546
Gürbüz, S., Schaufeli, W. B., Freese, C., & Brouwers, E. P. M. (2024). Fueling creativity: HR practices, work engagement, personality, and autonomy. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 35(22), 3770–3799. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2024.2429125
Hackman, J. R., & Oldham, G. R. (1976). Motivation through the design of work: test of a theory. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 16(2), 250–279. https://doi.org/10.1016/0030-5073(76)90016-7
Hai, S., Wu, K., Park, I.-J., Li, Y., Chang, Q., & Tang, Y. (2020). The role of perceived high-performance HR practices and transformational leadership on employee engagement and citizenship behaviors. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 35(6), 513–526. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMP-03-2019-0139
Hair, J. F., Matthews, L. M., Matthews, R. L., & Sarstedt, M. (2017). PLS-SEM or CB-SEM: updated guidelines on which method to use. International Journal of Multivariate Data Analysis, 1(2), 107. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJMDA.2017.087624
Halbesleben, J. R. B., Neveu, J. P., Paustian-Underdahl, S. C., & Westman, M. (2014). Getting to the “COR”: understanding the role of resources in conservation of resources theory. Journal of Management, 40(5), 1334–1364. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206314527130
Hobfoll, S. E., Halbesleben, J., Neveu, J. P., & Westman, M. (2018). Conservation of resources in the organizational context: the reality of resources and their consequences. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 5, 103–128. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-032117-104640
Imron, A., Putra, M. R., Syahputra, I. E., PY, I. D., & Fadhilah, A. R. N. (2024). Adaptation of employee development with artificial intelligence and virtual reality in a power generation company. Widya Cipta: Jurnal Sekretari dan Manajemen, 8(1), 80–85. https://doi.org/10.31294/widyacipta.v8i1.20342
Jiang, K., Lepak, D. P., Hu, J., & Baer, J. C. (2012). How does human resource management influence organizational outcomes? a meta-analytic investigation of mediating mechanisms. Academy of Management Journal, 55(6), 1264–1294. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2011.0088
Kent, T. W., Blair, C. a, Rudd, H. F., & Schuele, U. (2010). Gender differences and transformational leadership behavior : do both German men and women lead in the same way? International Journal of Leadership Studies, 6(1), 52–66.
Kim, S., Park, Y., & Headrick, L. (2018). Daily micro-breaks and job performance: general work engagement as a cross-level moderator. Journal of Applied Psychology, 103(7), 772–786. https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000308
Kooij, D. T. A. M., De Lange, A. H., & Van De Voorde, K. (2022). Stimulating job crafting behaviors of older workers: the influence of opportunity-enhancing human resource practices and psychological empowerment. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 31(1), 22–34. https://doi.org/10.1080/1359432X.2021.1899161
Krejcie, R. V., & Morgan, D. W. (1970). Sample size determination table. Educational and psychological Measurement, 30(3), 607-610.
Li, H., Jin, H., & Chen, T. (2020). Linking proactive personality to creative performance: the role of job crafting and high‐involvement work systems. The Journal of Creative Behavior, 54(1), 196–210. https://doi.org/10.1002/jocb.355
Mansour, S., Nogues, S., & Tremblay, D.-G. (2022). Psychosocial safety climate as a mediator between high-performance work practices and service recovery performance: an international study in the airline industry. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 33(21), 4215–4250. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2021.1949373
Melián-Alzola, L., Domínguez-Falcón, C., & Martín-Santana, J. D. (2020). The role of the human dimension in organizational agility: an empirical study in intensive care units. Personnel Review, 49(9), 1945–1964. https://doi.org/10.1108/PR-08-2019-0456
Parker, S. K., & Bindl, U. K. (2016). Proactivity at Work. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315797113
Parker, S. K., Bindl, U. K., & Strauss, K. (2010). Making things happen: a model of proactive motivation. Journal of Management, 36(4), 827–856. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206310363732
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