Main Article Content
Abstract
This study aims to analyze the influence of destination attributes, escapism, and authenticity on place attachment and memorable tourism experience, and to examine the mediating role of place attachment on revisit intention. This study was conducted on tourists visiting leading destinations in Sumatra Province, such as the Toba Caldera Geopark and the Tropical Rainforest Heritage of Sumatra. Data were collected through a survey of 300 respondents chosen by purposive sampling and analyzed using a quantitative approach with partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) through SmartPLS 3.0. The results show that destination attributes, escapism, and authenticity have a positive and significant effect on place attachment and memorable tourism experience. In addition, place attachment is proven to mediate the relationship between these three variables and revisit intention. These findings confirm that tourists’ emotional attachment to a destination plays a significant role in driving revisit intention. Theoretically, this study broadens the understanding of the relationship between tourist psychological factors and post-tourism behavior in the context of nature and cultural tourism in Indonesia. Practically, the results of this study provide implications for destination managers to strengthen the elements of authenticity, experience quality, and emotional value of destinations to build sustainable tourism.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Indawati Lestari, Wan Suryani

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References
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- Arivetullatif, Sulastri, & Afrianti, R. (2023). Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on West Sumatra tourism. Jurnal Informatika Ekonomi Bisnis, 5(1), 240-246. https://doi.org/10.37034/infeb.v5i1.236
- Beverland, M. B., & Farrelly, F. J. (2010). The quest for authenticity in consumption: Consumers’ purposive choice of authentic cues to shape experienced outcomes. Journal of Consumer Research, 36(5), 838-856. https://doi.org/10.1086/615047
- Buhalis, D. (2000). Marketing the competitive destination of the future. Tourism Management, 21(1), 97-116. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-5177(99)00095-3
- Çakar, K., & Seyitoğlu, F. (2023). Motivations and experiences of tourists visiting Hasankeyf as a last chance tourism destination. Journal of Ecotourism, 22(2), 237-259. https://doi.org/10.1080/14724049.2021.1965151
- Chen, J., Huang, Y., Wu, E. Q., Ip, R., & Wang, K. (2023). How does rural tourism experience affect green consumption in terms of memorable rural-based tourism experiences, connectedness to nature and environmental awareness? Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 54, 166-177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2022.12.006
- Cheng, W., Tsai, H., Chuang, H., Lin, P., & Ho, T. (2020). How can emerging event sustainably develop in the tourism industry? From the perspective of the s-o-r model on a two-year empirical study. Sustainability, 12(23), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.3390/su122310075
- Cong, G., Zhang, H., & Chen, T. (2022). A study on the perception of authenticity of tourist destinations and the place attachment of potential tourists—the case of Ding Zhen’s endorsement of Ganzi, Sichuan. Sustainability, 14(12), 1-23. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14127151
- Conti, E., & Farsari, I. (2024). Disconnection in nature-based tourism experiences: an actor-network theory approach. Annals of Leisure Research, 27(4), 525-542. https://doi.org/10.1080/11745398.2022.2150665
- Dai, T., Zheng, X., & Yan, J. (2021). Contradictory or aligned? The nexus between authenticity in heritage conservation and heritage tourism, and its impact on satisfaction. Habitat International, 107: Article e102307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2020.102307
- Dedeoğlu, B. B. (2019). Shaping tourists’ destination quality perception and loyalty through destination country image: The importance of involvement and perceived value. Tourism Management Perspectives, 29, 105-117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2018.11.006
- Eusébio, C., & Vieira, A. L. (2013). Destination attributes’ evaluation, satisfaction and behavioural intentions: a structural modelling approach. International Journal of Tourism Research, 15(1), 66-80. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.877
- González-Reverté, F., Corrons, A., & Gomis-López, J. M. (2025). Exploring the role of memorable tourism experiences and place attachment in the revisit intention of tourists staying in short-term rentals. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights, 8(11), 79–99. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHTI-05-2024-0451
- Huang, R., & Bu, H. M. (2022). Destination attributes of memorable chinese rural tourism experiences: impact on positive arousal, memory and behavioral intention. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 15, 3639-3661. https://doi.org/10.2147/PRBM.S387241
- Jiang, Y., Ramkissoon, H., Mavondo, F. T., & Feng, S. (2017). Authenticity: the link between destination image and place attachment. Journal of Hospitality Marketing and Management, 26(2), 105–124. https://doi.org/10.1080/19368623.2016.1185988
- Kim, J. H. (2014). The antecedents of memorable tourism experiences: The development of a scale to measure the destination attributes associated with memorable experiences. Tourism Management, 44, 34–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TOURMAN.2014.02.007
- Kolar, T., & Zabkar, V. (2010). A consumer-based model of authenticity: An oxymoron or the foundation of cultural heritage marketing? Tourism Management, 31(5), 652-664. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2009.07.010
- Lee, S., Kim, M., & Kim, H. (2024). Relationality of objective and constructive authenticities: effects on existential authenticity, memorability, and satisfaction. Journal of Travel Research, 63(1), 195-214. https://doi.org/10.1177/00472875221143468
- Li, X., & Wang, C. (2023). Understanding the relationship between tourists’ perceptions of the authenticity of traditional village cultural landscapes and behavioural intentions, mediated by memorable tourism experiences and place attachment. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 28(3), 254-273. https://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2023.2217959
- Low, S. M., & Altman, I. (1992). Place attachment: A conceptual inquiry. Place Attachment, 12, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-8753-4_1
- Mahdzar, M., Shuib, A., Ramachandran, S., & Herman Mohammad Afandi, S. (2015). The role of destination attributes and memorable tourism experience in understanding tourist revisit intentions. American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences (Tourism & Environment, Social and Management Sciences), 15(1), 32-39. https://doi.org/ 10.5829/idosi.aejaes.2015.15.s.205
- Mehrabian, A., & Russell, J. A. (1974). An Approach to Environmental Psychology. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
- Moon, H., & Han, H. (2018). Destination attributes influencing Chinese travelers’ perceptions of experience quality and intentions for island tourism: A case of Jeju Island. Tourism Management Perspectives, 28, 71–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TMP.2018.08.002
- Mykletun, R. J., Oma, P. Ø., & Aas, Ø. (2021). When the hiking gets tough: “New adventurers” and the “extinction of experiences.” Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism, 36: Article e100450. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jort.2021.100450
- Oh, H., Fiore, A. M., & Jeoung, M. (2007). Measuring experience economy concepts: Tourism applications. Journal of Travel Research, 46(2), 119-132. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287507304039
- Ponsignon, F., Lunardo, R., & Michrafy, M. (2021). Why are international visitors more satisfied with the tourism experience? the role of hedonic value, escapism, and psychic distance. Journal of Travel Research, 60(8), 1771-1786. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287520961175
- Ram, Y., Björk, P., & Weidenfeld, A. (2016). Authenticity and place attachment of major visitor attractions. Tourism Management, 52, 110-122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2015.06.010
- Rehman, A. ur, & Alnuzhah, A. S. (2022). Identifying travel motivations of saudi domestic tourists: case of Hail Province in Saudi Arabia. Geojournal of Tourism and Geosites, 43(3), 1118-1128. https://doi.org/10.30892/gtg.43333-927
- Schlesinger, W., Cervera-Taulet, A., & Pérez-Cabañero, C. (2020). Exploring the links between destination attributes, quality of service experience and loyalty in emerging Mediterranean destinations. Tourism Management Perspectives, 35: Article e100699. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2020.100699
- Shang, W., Yuan, Q., & Chen, N. (2020). Examining structural relationships among brand experience, existential authenticity, and place attachment in slow tourism destinations. Sustainability, 12(7), 2784. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12072784
- Sheng, C. W., & Chen, M. C. (2012). A study of experience expectations of museum visitors. Tourism Management, 33(1), 53-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2011.01.023
- Singh, R., & Singh, J. (2019). Destination attributes to measure tourist revisit intention: a scale development. Global Business Review, 20(2), 549–572. https://doi.org/10.1177/0972150918825329
- Sthapit, E., Björk, P., Coudounaris, D. N., & Jiménez-Barreto, J. (2024a). Memorable halal tourism experience and its effects on place attachment. International Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Administration, 25(3), 575–601. https://doi.org/10.1080/15256480.2022.2135666
- Sthapit, E., Ji, C., Dayour, F., & Badu-Baiden, F. (2024b). Memorable wildlife tourism experience: Evidence from the Mole National Park. Journal of Destination Marketing and Management, 33: Article e100904. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2024.100904
- Sutono, A., Briandana, R., Doktoralina, C. M., Rekarti, E., & Dwityas, N. A. (2018). Exploration of marine tourism in North Sumatra: an analysis of promoting tourism. Journal of Social Studies Education Research, 9(4), 185-197. https://doi.org/10.17499/jsser.21792
- Trinanda, O., Sari, A. Y., Cerya, E., & Riski, T. R. (2022). Predicting place attachment through selfie tourism, memorable tourism experience and hedonic well-being. International Journal of Tourism Cities, 8(2), 412–423. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJTC-09-2020-0188
- Tsai, C. T. S. (2016). Memorable tourist experiences and place attachment when consuming local food. International Journal of Tourism Research, 18(6), 536–548. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.2070
- Tung, V. W. S., & Ritchie, J. R. B. (2011). Exploring the essence of memorable tourism experiences. Annals of Tourism Research, 38(4), 1367-1386. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2011.03.009
- Wang, X., Lai, I. K. W., & Wang, X. (2023). The influence of girlfriend getaway luxury travel experiences on women’s subjective well-being through travel satisfaction: a case study in Macau. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 55, 91-100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2023.03.004
- Ye, S., Shi, L., Wu, J., & Hyuk, G. (2025). Beyond the tangible: factors influencing memorable experiences in intangible culture heritage tourism in Wuxi, China. Sage Open, 15(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440251319959
- Yi, X., Fu, X., So, K. K. F., & Zheng, C. (2023). Perceived authenticity and place attachment: new findings from Chinese world heritage sites. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Research, 47(5). https://doi.org/10.1177/10963480211027629
- Zhang, H., Wu, Y., & Buhalis, D. (2018). A model of perceived image, memorable tourism experiences and revisit intention. Journal of Destination Marketing and Management, 8, 326–336. https://doi.orsg/10.1016/j.jdmm.2017.06.004
- Zhou, G., Chen, W., & Wu, Y. (2022). Research on the effect of authenticity on revisit intention in heritage tourism. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.883380
- Zulvianti, N., Aimon, H., & Abror, A. (2022). The influence of environmental and non-environmental factors on tourist satisfaction in halal tourism destinations in West Sumatra, Indonesia. Sustainability, 14(15), 9185. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14159185
References
Albayrak, T., & Caber, M. (2013). The symmetric and asymmetric influences of destination attributes on overall visitor satisfaction. Current Issues in Tourism, 16(2), 149–166. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2012.682978
Arivetullatif, Sulastri, & Afrianti, R. (2023). Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on West Sumatra tourism. Jurnal Informatika Ekonomi Bisnis, 5(1), 240-246. https://doi.org/10.37034/infeb.v5i1.236
Beverland, M. B., & Farrelly, F. J. (2010). The quest for authenticity in consumption: Consumers’ purposive choice of authentic cues to shape experienced outcomes. Journal of Consumer Research, 36(5), 838-856. https://doi.org/10.1086/615047
Buhalis, D. (2000). Marketing the competitive destination of the future. Tourism Management, 21(1), 97-116. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-5177(99)00095-3
Çakar, K., & Seyitoğlu, F. (2023). Motivations and experiences of tourists visiting Hasankeyf as a last chance tourism destination. Journal of Ecotourism, 22(2), 237-259. https://doi.org/10.1080/14724049.2021.1965151
Chen, J., Huang, Y., Wu, E. Q., Ip, R., & Wang, K. (2023). How does rural tourism experience affect green consumption in terms of memorable rural-based tourism experiences, connectedness to nature and environmental awareness? Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 54, 166-177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2022.12.006
Cheng, W., Tsai, H., Chuang, H., Lin, P., & Ho, T. (2020). How can emerging event sustainably develop in the tourism industry? From the perspective of the s-o-r model on a two-year empirical study. Sustainability, 12(23), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.3390/su122310075
Cong, G., Zhang, H., & Chen, T. (2022). A study on the perception of authenticity of tourist destinations and the place attachment of potential tourists—the case of Ding Zhen’s endorsement of Ganzi, Sichuan. Sustainability, 14(12), 1-23. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14127151
Conti, E., & Farsari, I. (2024). Disconnection in nature-based tourism experiences: an actor-network theory approach. Annals of Leisure Research, 27(4), 525-542. https://doi.org/10.1080/11745398.2022.2150665
Dai, T., Zheng, X., & Yan, J. (2021). Contradictory or aligned? The nexus between authenticity in heritage conservation and heritage tourism, and its impact on satisfaction. Habitat International, 107: Article e102307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2020.102307
Dedeoğlu, B. B. (2019). Shaping tourists’ destination quality perception and loyalty through destination country image: The importance of involvement and perceived value. Tourism Management Perspectives, 29, 105-117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2018.11.006
Eusébio, C., & Vieira, A. L. (2013). Destination attributes’ evaluation, satisfaction and behavioural intentions: a structural modelling approach. International Journal of Tourism Research, 15(1), 66-80. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.877
González-Reverté, F., Corrons, A., & Gomis-López, J. M. (2025). Exploring the role of memorable tourism experiences and place attachment in the revisit intention of tourists staying in short-term rentals. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights, 8(11), 79–99. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHTI-05-2024-0451
Huang, R., & Bu, H. M. (2022). Destination attributes of memorable chinese rural tourism experiences: impact on positive arousal, memory and behavioral intention. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 15, 3639-3661. https://doi.org/10.2147/PRBM.S387241
Jiang, Y., Ramkissoon, H., Mavondo, F. T., & Feng, S. (2017). Authenticity: the link between destination image and place attachment. Journal of Hospitality Marketing and Management, 26(2), 105–124. https://doi.org/10.1080/19368623.2016.1185988
Kim, J. H. (2014). The antecedents of memorable tourism experiences: The development of a scale to measure the destination attributes associated with memorable experiences. Tourism Management, 44, 34–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TOURMAN.2014.02.007
Kolar, T., & Zabkar, V. (2010). A consumer-based model of authenticity: An oxymoron or the foundation of cultural heritage marketing? Tourism Management, 31(5), 652-664. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2009.07.010
Lee, S., Kim, M., & Kim, H. (2024). Relationality of objective and constructive authenticities: effects on existential authenticity, memorability, and satisfaction. Journal of Travel Research, 63(1), 195-214. https://doi.org/10.1177/00472875221143468
Li, X., & Wang, C. (2023). Understanding the relationship between tourists’ perceptions of the authenticity of traditional village cultural landscapes and behavioural intentions, mediated by memorable tourism experiences and place attachment. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 28(3), 254-273. https://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2023.2217959
Low, S. M., & Altman, I. (1992). Place attachment: A conceptual inquiry. Place Attachment, 12, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-8753-4_1
Mahdzar, M., Shuib, A., Ramachandran, S., & Herman Mohammad Afandi, S. (2015). The role of destination attributes and memorable tourism experience in understanding tourist revisit intentions. American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences (Tourism & Environment, Social and Management Sciences), 15(1), 32-39. https://doi.org/ 10.5829/idosi.aejaes.2015.15.s.205
Mehrabian, A., & Russell, J. A. (1974). An Approach to Environmental Psychology. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Moon, H., & Han, H. (2018). Destination attributes influencing Chinese travelers’ perceptions of experience quality and intentions for island tourism: A case of Jeju Island. Tourism Management Perspectives, 28, 71–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TMP.2018.08.002
Mykletun, R. J., Oma, P. Ø., & Aas, Ø. (2021). When the hiking gets tough: “New adventurers” and the “extinction of experiences.” Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism, 36: Article e100450. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jort.2021.100450
Oh, H., Fiore, A. M., & Jeoung, M. (2007). Measuring experience economy concepts: Tourism applications. Journal of Travel Research, 46(2), 119-132. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287507304039
Ponsignon, F., Lunardo, R., & Michrafy, M. (2021). Why are international visitors more satisfied with the tourism experience? the role of hedonic value, escapism, and psychic distance. Journal of Travel Research, 60(8), 1771-1786. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287520961175
Ram, Y., Björk, P., & Weidenfeld, A. (2016). Authenticity and place attachment of major visitor attractions. Tourism Management, 52, 110-122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2015.06.010
Rehman, A. ur, & Alnuzhah, A. S. (2022). Identifying travel motivations of saudi domestic tourists: case of Hail Province in Saudi Arabia. Geojournal of Tourism and Geosites, 43(3), 1118-1128. https://doi.org/10.30892/gtg.43333-927
Schlesinger, W., Cervera-Taulet, A., & Pérez-Cabañero, C. (2020). Exploring the links between destination attributes, quality of service experience and loyalty in emerging Mediterranean destinations. Tourism Management Perspectives, 35: Article e100699. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2020.100699
Shang, W., Yuan, Q., & Chen, N. (2020). Examining structural relationships among brand experience, existential authenticity, and place attachment in slow tourism destinations. Sustainability, 12(7), 2784. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12072784
Sheng, C. W., & Chen, M. C. (2012). A study of experience expectations of museum visitors. Tourism Management, 33(1), 53-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2011.01.023
Singh, R., & Singh, J. (2019). Destination attributes to measure tourist revisit intention: a scale development. Global Business Review, 20(2), 549–572. https://doi.org/10.1177/0972150918825329
Sthapit, E., Björk, P., Coudounaris, D. N., & Jiménez-Barreto, J. (2024a). Memorable halal tourism experience and its effects on place attachment. International Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Administration, 25(3), 575–601. https://doi.org/10.1080/15256480.2022.2135666
Sthapit, E., Ji, C., Dayour, F., & Badu-Baiden, F. (2024b). Memorable wildlife tourism experience: Evidence from the Mole National Park. Journal of Destination Marketing and Management, 33: Article e100904. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2024.100904
Sutono, A., Briandana, R., Doktoralina, C. M., Rekarti, E., & Dwityas, N. A. (2018). Exploration of marine tourism in North Sumatra: an analysis of promoting tourism. Journal of Social Studies Education Research, 9(4), 185-197. https://doi.org/10.17499/jsser.21792
Trinanda, O., Sari, A. Y., Cerya, E., & Riski, T. R. (2022). Predicting place attachment through selfie tourism, memorable tourism experience and hedonic well-being. International Journal of Tourism Cities, 8(2), 412–423. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJTC-09-2020-0188
Tsai, C. T. S. (2016). Memorable tourist experiences and place attachment when consuming local food. International Journal of Tourism Research, 18(6), 536–548. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.2070
Tung, V. W. S., & Ritchie, J. R. B. (2011). Exploring the essence of memorable tourism experiences. Annals of Tourism Research, 38(4), 1367-1386. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2011.03.009
Wang, X., Lai, I. K. W., & Wang, X. (2023). The influence of girlfriend getaway luxury travel experiences on women’s subjective well-being through travel satisfaction: a case study in Macau. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 55, 91-100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2023.03.004
Ye, S., Shi, L., Wu, J., & Hyuk, G. (2025). Beyond the tangible: factors influencing memorable experiences in intangible culture heritage tourism in Wuxi, China. Sage Open, 15(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440251319959
Yi, X., Fu, X., So, K. K. F., & Zheng, C. (2023). Perceived authenticity and place attachment: new findings from Chinese world heritage sites. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Research, 47(5). https://doi.org/10.1177/10963480211027629
Zhang, H., Wu, Y., & Buhalis, D. (2018). A model of perceived image, memorable tourism experiences and revisit intention. Journal of Destination Marketing and Management, 8, 326–336. https://doi.orsg/10.1016/j.jdmm.2017.06.004
Zhou, G., Chen, W., & Wu, Y. (2022). Research on the effect of authenticity on revisit intention in heritage tourism. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.883380
Zulvianti, N., Aimon, H., & Abror, A. (2022). The influence of environmental and non-environmental factors on tourist satisfaction in halal tourism destinations in West Sumatra, Indonesia. Sustainability, 14(15), 9185. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14159185