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Abstract
The problems in this study: first, whether the patent system in Indonesia and China is effective for technology transfer? Second, what are the roles of the Chinese and Indonesia government for technology transfer? This study uses a normative legal research. The results of the research concluded that first, there are no special regulations in Indonesia regulating the transfer of technology. Some policies are contradict to each other and are directed to meet the needs of special parts of industry. While in China, the rules governing the transfer of technology experiences some changes along with China's accession to WTO. Second, the Indonesian government has attempted to use some performance requirements in the regulation of foreign investment for the faster transfer effect from technology. However, the existing legislation is weak or not enforced, and there are no special incentives to encourage FDI to upgrade local technological capabilities.
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References
- Bibliography
- Books
- Agency of Industrial Science and Technology, “Trends in Principal Indicators on Research and Development Activities in Japanâ€, Technology Research and Information Division, General Coordination Department, Tokyo, 1992.
- Gerschenkron, A., Economic backwardness in historical perspective: a book of essays, Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1962.
- Kuroda Akira, “Technology Transfer in Asia. A Case Study of Auto Parts and Electrical Parts Industries in Thailandâ€. Tokyo: Maruzen Planet, 2001.
- Marks, Stephen, Foreign Direct Investment in Indonesia and its Management through Governmental Policy, Partnership for Economic Growth, Department for Industry and Trade, Jakarta, March, 1999.
- Nakamura Keisuke and Padang Wicaksono, “Toyota in Indonesia. A Case Study on the Transfer of the TPSâ€, Jakarta: Center for Japanese Studies, University of Indonesia, 1999.
- Ocampo, J.A. & Vos, R., Uneven economic development, United Nations Publications, 2009.
- Ocampo, J.A., Sundaram, J.K. & Khan, S, Policy matters: economic and social policies to sustain equitable development, Zed Books, 2007.
- P. Gehl Sampath, P. Roffe– Unpacking the International Technology Transfer Debate: Fifty Years and Beyond, International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development (ICTSD), Issue Paper No. 36, International Environment House 2, 7 Chemin de Balexert, 1219 Geneva, Switzerland, 2012.
- Rosenberg, N, Inside The Black Box, Technology and economics, Cambridge University Press, 1983.
- S. Gautama and R. Winata, “Hak Atas Kekayaan Intelektual (HAKI): Peraturan Baru Desain Industri†(Intellectual Property Rights (HAKI): New Regulations on Industrial Designs), Penerbit PT. Citra Aditya Bakti, Bandung, 2000.
- Sjöholm, Fredrik, `Joint Ventures, Technology Transfer and Spillovers: Evidence from Indonesian Establishment Data’, paper presented at the Second International Symposium on Foreign Direct Investment in East Asia, Tokyo, 1998.
- Soesastro, Hadi, “Emerging Patterns of Technology Flows in the Asia-Pacific Region; The Relevance to Indonesiaâ€, in: Hill & Thee (editors), 1998.
- Sripaipan Chatr,‘The Acquisition of Technological Capabilities by Thai Manufacturing Firms’, TDRI Newsletter [Bangkok: Thailand Development Research Institute] 5 (3), 1990.
- Stephen P. Ladas, “Patents, Trademarks and Related Rights: National and International Protectionâ€, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 1975.
- _______, `Technology Transfer from Japan to Indonesia’, in: Yamada Keiji (ed.), The Transfer of Science and Technology between Europe and Asia, 1780-1880 (Kyoto: International Research Center for Japanese Studies), 1994.
- _______, `Indonesia: Technology Transfer in the Manufacturing Industry’, in: Hadi Soesastro and Mari Pangestu (eds), Technological Challenge in the Asia-Pacific Economy (Sydney: Allen & Unwin), 1990.
- Thee Kian Wie and Mari Pangestu, `Technological Capabilities and Indonesia’s Manufactured Exports’, in: D. Ernst, L. Ganiatsos and T. Mytelka (eds), Technological Capabilities and Export Success in Asia (London/New York: Routledge), 1998.
- World Bank, The East Asian Miracle: Economic Growth and Public Policy. Washington, DC, November, 1993.
- Yamashita Shoichi (ed.), Transfer of Japanese Technology and Management to the ASEAN Countries (Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press), 1993.
- Journals/News Paper
- Hill, Hal & Johns, Brian (1983), “The transfer of industrial technology to Western Pacific developing countriesâ€, Prometheus, Vol. 1, no. 1, June.
- Jakarta Post, 11 June 1997.
- Thee KianWie (2005), “The Major Channels of International Technology Transfer to Indonesia: An Assessmentâ€, in: Journal of the Asia-Pacific Economy, Vol. 10, no. 2.
- Legal Information Institute (LII), is available at: https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/patent, accessed on, 12 December 2015.
- Statutes / Government Regulations
- Indonesian Patents Law, No. 14 of 2001.
- Indonesian Investment Law, No. 25 of 2007.
- Indonesian Oil and Gas Law, No. 22 of 2001.
- Patent Law of the People's Republic of China 2008-12-27.
- Government Regulation No. 35 of 1994 regarding the Requirements and Guidelines of the Cooperation of Oil and Gas Production Sharing Contract.
- Regulation on Technology Import and Export Administration of the People’s Republic of China, promulgated by the State Council and come into force January 1, 2002
- Administrative Measures on Registration of Technology Import and Export Contracts, promulgated by the ‘ex’ MOFTEC now MOFCOM, December 30, 2001 in force January 1, 2002.
- Administrative Measures on Import of Prohibited or Restricted Technology, promulgated by MOFCOM.
- Administrative Measures for Export-Prohibited Technology or Export Restricted Technology).
- Minister of Manpower Regulation No. 143 A/MEN/1991 on Educational and Training Obligatory Payments.
References
Bibliography
Books
Agency of Industrial Science and Technology, “Trends in Principal Indicators on Research and Development Activities in Japanâ€, Technology Research and Information Division, General Coordination Department, Tokyo, 1992.
Gerschenkron, A., Economic backwardness in historical perspective: a book of essays, Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1962.
Kuroda Akira, “Technology Transfer in Asia. A Case Study of Auto Parts and Electrical Parts Industries in Thailandâ€. Tokyo: Maruzen Planet, 2001.
Marks, Stephen, Foreign Direct Investment in Indonesia and its Management through Governmental Policy, Partnership for Economic Growth, Department for Industry and Trade, Jakarta, March, 1999.
Nakamura Keisuke and Padang Wicaksono, “Toyota in Indonesia. A Case Study on the Transfer of the TPSâ€, Jakarta: Center for Japanese Studies, University of Indonesia, 1999.
Ocampo, J.A. & Vos, R., Uneven economic development, United Nations Publications, 2009.
Ocampo, J.A., Sundaram, J.K. & Khan, S, Policy matters: economic and social policies to sustain equitable development, Zed Books, 2007.
P. Gehl Sampath, P. Roffe– Unpacking the International Technology Transfer Debate: Fifty Years and Beyond, International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development (ICTSD), Issue Paper No. 36, International Environment House 2, 7 Chemin de Balexert, 1219 Geneva, Switzerland, 2012.
Rosenberg, N, Inside The Black Box, Technology and economics, Cambridge University Press, 1983.
S. Gautama and R. Winata, “Hak Atas Kekayaan Intelektual (HAKI): Peraturan Baru Desain Industri†(Intellectual Property Rights (HAKI): New Regulations on Industrial Designs), Penerbit PT. Citra Aditya Bakti, Bandung, 2000.
Sjöholm, Fredrik, `Joint Ventures, Technology Transfer and Spillovers: Evidence from Indonesian Establishment Data’, paper presented at the Second International Symposium on Foreign Direct Investment in East Asia, Tokyo, 1998.
Soesastro, Hadi, “Emerging Patterns of Technology Flows in the Asia-Pacific Region; The Relevance to Indonesiaâ€, in: Hill & Thee (editors), 1998.
Sripaipan Chatr,‘The Acquisition of Technological Capabilities by Thai Manufacturing Firms’, TDRI Newsletter [Bangkok: Thailand Development Research Institute] 5 (3), 1990.
Stephen P. Ladas, “Patents, Trademarks and Related Rights: National and International Protectionâ€, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 1975.
_______, `Technology Transfer from Japan to Indonesia’, in: Yamada Keiji (ed.), The Transfer of Science and Technology between Europe and Asia, 1780-1880 (Kyoto: International Research Center for Japanese Studies), 1994.
_______, `Indonesia: Technology Transfer in the Manufacturing Industry’, in: Hadi Soesastro and Mari Pangestu (eds), Technological Challenge in the Asia-Pacific Economy (Sydney: Allen & Unwin), 1990.
Thee Kian Wie and Mari Pangestu, `Technological Capabilities and Indonesia’s Manufactured Exports’, in: D. Ernst, L. Ganiatsos and T. Mytelka (eds), Technological Capabilities and Export Success in Asia (London/New York: Routledge), 1998.
World Bank, The East Asian Miracle: Economic Growth and Public Policy. Washington, DC, November, 1993.
Yamashita Shoichi (ed.), Transfer of Japanese Technology and Management to the ASEAN Countries (Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press), 1993.
Journals/News Paper
Hill, Hal & Johns, Brian (1983), “The transfer of industrial technology to Western Pacific developing countriesâ€, Prometheus, Vol. 1, no. 1, June.
Jakarta Post, 11 June 1997.
Thee KianWie (2005), “The Major Channels of International Technology Transfer to Indonesia: An Assessmentâ€, in: Journal of the Asia-Pacific Economy, Vol. 10, no. 2.
Legal Information Institute (LII), is available at: https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/patent, accessed on, 12 December 2015.
Statutes / Government Regulations
Indonesian Patents Law, No. 14 of 2001.
Indonesian Investment Law, No. 25 of 2007.
Indonesian Oil and Gas Law, No. 22 of 2001.
Patent Law of the People's Republic of China 2008-12-27.
Government Regulation No. 35 of 1994 regarding the Requirements and Guidelines of the Cooperation of Oil and Gas Production Sharing Contract.
Regulation on Technology Import and Export Administration of the People’s Republic of China, promulgated by the State Council and come into force January 1, 2002
Administrative Measures on Registration of Technology Import and Export Contracts, promulgated by the ‘ex’ MOFTEC now MOFCOM, December 30, 2001 in force January 1, 2002.
Administrative Measures on Import of Prohibited or Restricted Technology, promulgated by MOFCOM.
Administrative Measures for Export-Prohibited Technology or Export Restricted Technology).
Minister of Manpower Regulation No. 143 A/MEN/1991 on Educational and Training Obligatory Payments.