Article Sidebar

Islam, Ethics and Modern Medicine from Theory to Medical Practice A Narrative Review
Submitted
January 12, 2022
Accepted
April 8, 2022
Published
July 20, 2022
Download
PDF Review Reports
Statistic
Read Counter : 698 Download : 789

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Main Article Content

Abstract

Islam arose from the same Semitic soil that gave rise to Judaism and Christianity. As stated in the Declaration of Faith, its most fundamental idea is monotheism. For Muslims, holy law is an all-encompassing entity that concerns every aspect of human life. Many Ulema has concluded that the concept of a “consensus decree” is preferable in the circumstances needing specialist understanding. These consensus panels for medical choices often include a broad and diversified representation. The decision-making process is frequently transparent, allowing members of the greater community to scrutinize the arguments presented. Before providing culturally sensitive treatment, a fundamental level of cultural awareness is essential. We simplified and highlighted key themes in Islamic medical ethics in this study. Despite the fact that this is a preliminary study, we believe the findings will assist physicians in better understanding their Muslim patients.

Article Details

License

Copyright (c) 2021 Sheikh Mohd Saleem & Shah Sumaya Jan

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY-SA) 4.0 License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work’s authorship and initial publication in this journal.

How to Cite
Saleem, S. M., & Jan, S. S. . (2022). Islam, Ethics and Modern Medicine: From Theory to Medical Practice: A Narrative Review. Millah: Journal of Religious Studies, 21(2), 465–490. https://doi.org/10.20885/millah.vol21.iss2.art6
Download Citation
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)
BibTeX
Crossref
Scopus
Google Scholar
Europe PMC

References

  1. Afsaruddin, Asma. “Monotheism in Islam.” In Monotheism and Its Complexities, edited by Lucinda Mosher and David Marshall, 33–44. Christian and Muslim Perspectives. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press, 2018. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvbqs51w.9.
  2. Al-Bar, Mohammed Ali, and Hassan Chamsi-Pasha. “Assisted Reproductive Technology: Islamic Perspective.” In Contemporary Bioethics: Islamic Perspective, edited by Mohammed Ali Al-Bar and Hassan Chamsi-Pasha, 173–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18428-9_11.
  3. Ali, Mansur, and Usman Maravia. “Seven Faces of a Fatwa: Organ Transplantation and Islam.” Religions 11, no. 2 (February 2020): 99. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel11020099.
  4. Amin, M. Z. M. Zohdi, Tazul Islam, Siti Abas, Mohd Yusuf Ismail, A. Irwan Santeri Doll Kawaid, Adnan Mohamed Yusoff, Mesbahul Hoque Chowdhury, et al. “Religio-Scientific Integration of Knowledge: A Study of Islam’s Prophetic Traditions Related to the Medical Sciences.” Advanced Science Letters 23, no. 5 (2017): 4605–7. https://doi.org/10.1166/asl.2017.8932.
  5. Arawi, Thalia A. “The Muslim Physician and the Ethics of Medicine.” Journal of the Islamic Medical Association of North America 42, no. 3 (2010): 111–16. https://jima.imana.org/article/view/5403.
  6. Atighetchi, Dariusch. “Features of Islamic Bioethics.” In Islamic Bioethics: Problems and Perspectives, 13–29. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-4962-0_2.
  7. Atighetchi, Dariusch. “Some Aspects of Medical Ethics.” In Islamic Bioethics: Problems and Perspectives, 31–64. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-4962-0_3.
  8. Barry, M. A. M. H. “Human Rights in Islam and Their Relevance in the Present Time.” Advanced Science Letters 23, no. 5 (2017): 4856–59. https://doi.org/10.1166/asl.2017.8927.
  9. Caplan, Arthur L. “A New Direction for Medical Ethics.” Edited by Tom L. Beauchamp and James F. Childress. Science, Technology, & Human Values 5, no. 30 (1980): 53–54. https://www.jstor.org/stable/689347.
  10. Clarke, Morgan, Thomas Eich, and Jenny Schreiber. “The Social Politics of Islamic Bioethics.” Die Welt Des Islams 55, no. 3/4 (2015): 265–77. https://www.jstor.org/stable/24893431.
  11. Dallal, Ahmad S. “Science and Muslim Societies. Nasim Butt.” Isis 86, no. 4 (1995): 692–692. https://doi.org/10.1086/357397.
  12. El-Hashemite, Nisreen. “The Islamic View in Genetic Preventive Procedures.” The Lancet 350, no. 9072 (1997): 223. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(05)62394-X.
  13. Emanuel, Ezekiel J. “The Beginning of the End of Principlism.” Edited by Tom L. Beauchamp and James F. Childress. The Hastings Center Report 25, no. 4 (1995): 37–38. https://doi.org/10.2307/3562161.
  14. Erdmann, Anke, Christoph Rehmann-Sutter, and Claudia Bozzaro. “Patients’ and Professionals’ Views Related to Ethical Issues in Precision Medicine: A Mixed Research Synthesis.” BMC Medical Ethics 22, no. 1 (2021): 116. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12910-021-00682-8.
  15. Gatrad, A. R., and Aziz Sheikh. “Medical Ethics and Islam: Principles and Practice.” Archives of Disease in Childhood 84, no. 1 (2001): 72–75. https://doi.org/10.1136/adc.84.1.72.
  16. Gatrad, A. R., and Aziz Sheikh. “Muslim Birth Customs.” Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition 84, no. 1 (2001): F6–8. https://doi.org/10.1136/fn.84.1.F6.
  17. Ghouri, Nazim, Mohammed Atcha, and Aziz Sheikh. “Public Health: Influence Of Islam On Smoking Among Muslims.” BMJ: British Medical Journal 332, no. 7536 (2006): 291–94. https://www.jstor.org/stable/25456050.
  18. Greengross, Peter, Ken Grant, and Elizabeth Collini. The History and Development of the UK National Health Service 1948 - 1999. Second Edition. London, United Kingdom: Department for International Development, 1999. https://www.gov.uk/research-for-development-outputs/helpdesk-report-the-history-and-development-of-the-uk-national-health-service-1948-1999.
  19. Gupta, Neeru, Carla Castillo-Laborde, and Michel D. Landry. “Health-Related Rehabilitation Services: Assessing the Global Supply of and Need for Human Resources.” BMC Health Services Research 11, no. 1 (October 17, 2011): 276. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6963-11-276.
  20. Hasan, Ahmad. “‘Sunnah’ as a Source of ‘Fiqh.’” Islamic Studies 39, no. 1 (2000): 3–53. http://www.jstor.org/stable/23076090.
  21. Hedayat, Kamyar M., and Roya Pirzadeh. “Issues in Islamic Biomedical Ethics: A Primer for the Pediatrician.” Pediatrics 108, no. 4 (October 1, 2001): 965–71. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.108.4.965.
  22. Helman CG. “Culture, Health and Illness - 1st Edition.” Oxford, 1994. https://www.elsevier.com/books/culture-health-and-illness/helman/978-0-7236-0703-8.
  23. Ibn al-Naqīb, Aḥmad ibn Luʼluʼ, and Noah Ha Mim. Keller. Reliance of the Traveller: Classic Manual of Islamic Sacred Law. Amana Publications (revised edition), 1997.
  24. Johnston, David. “Maqāsid Al-Sharī a: Epistemology and Hermeneutics of Muslim Theologies of Human Rights.” Die Welt Des Islams 47, no. 2 (2007): 149–87. https://doi.org/10.1163/157006007781569936.
  25. Kamali, Mohammad Hashim. “Methodological Issues in Islamic Jurisprudence.” Arab Law Quarterly 11, no. 1 (1996): 3–33. https://doi.org/10.2307/3381731.
  26. Kass, Nancy E. “An Ethics Framework for Public Health.” American Journal of Public Health 91, no. 11 (2001): 1776–82. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.91.11.1776.
  27. Khan, L. Ali, and Hisham M. Ramadan. “Islamic Constitutionalism.” In Contemporary Ijtihad, 113–45. Limits and Controversies. Edinburgh, United Kingdom: Edinburgh University Press, 2011. http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.3366/j.ctt1r23xt.8.
  28. Kotzee, Ben, Agnieszka Ignatowicz, and Hywel Thomas. “Virtue in Medical Practice: An Exploratory Study.” HEC Forum 29, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10730-016-9308-x.
  29. Kutty, Faisal. “Islamic ‘Adoptions’: Kafalah, Raadah, Istilhaq and the Best Interests of the Child.” In The Intercountry Adoption Debate: Dialogues Across Disciplines, edited by Robert L. Ballard, Naomi H. Goodno, Robert F. Cochran, and Jay A. Milbrandt, 526–64. Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2015.
  30. Lansley, Peter, Claudine McCreadie, and Anthea Tinker. “Can Adapting the Homes of Older People and Providing Assistive Technology Pay Its Way?” Age and Ageing 33, no. 6 (2004): 571–76. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afh190.
  31. Macnair, Trisha. “Medical Ethics.” BMJ 319, no. 7214 (October 2, 1999): S2. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.319.7214.2.
  32. Miklancie, Margaret A. “Caring for Patients of Diverse Religious Traditions: Islam, a Way of Life for Muslims.” Home Healthcare Now 25, no. 6 (2007): 413–17. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.NHH.0000277692.11916.f3.
  33. Musharraf, Hussain M., and M. Saiful Islam Arman. “Prophetic Medicine Is the Cheapest, Safest and the Best Remedy in the Prevention and Treatment of Hypertension (High Blood Pressure) – a Mini Review.” International Journal of Molecular Biology: Open Access 3, no. 6 (2018): 245–50. https://doi.org/10.15406/ijmboa.2018.03.00084.
  34. Mustafa, Yassar. “Islam and the Four Principles of Medical Ethics.” Journal of Medical Ethics 40, no. 7 (July 1, 2014): 479–83. https://doi.org/10.1136/medethics-2012-101309.
  35. National Confidential Enquiry into Patient Outcome and Death. “Extremes of Age (1999).” HTML. Improving the quality of healthcare, 1999. https://www.ncepod.org.uk/1999ea.html.
  36. Opwis, Felicitas. “New Trends in Islamic Legal Theory: Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿa as a New Source of Law?” Die Welt Des Islams 57, no. 1 (2017): 7–32. https://doi.org/10.1163/15700607-00571p03.
  37. Padela, Aasim I. “Muslim Perspectives on the American Healthcare System: The Discursive Framing of ‘Islamic’ Bioethical Discourse.” Die Welt Des Islams 55, no. 3/4 (2015): 413–47. https://www.jstor.org/stable/24893437.
  38. Padela, Aasim I., and Jasser Auda. “The Moral Status of Organ Donation and Transplantation Within Islamic Law: The Fiqh Council of North America’s Position.” Transplantation Direct 6, no. 3 (March 2020): e536. https://doi.org/10.1097/TXD.0000000000000980.
  39. Padela, Aasim I., and Danish Zaidi. “The Islamic Tradition and Health Inequities: A Preliminary Conceptual Model Based on a Systematic Literature Review of Muslim Health-Care Disparities.” Avicenna Journal of Medicine 8, no. 1 (2018): 1–13. https://doi.org/10.4103/ajm.AJM_134_17.
  40. Parsons, Anthony. “Living Islam: From Samarkand to Stornoway.” International Affairs 69, no. 4 (1993): 763–64. https://doi.org/10.2307/2620623.
  41. Rajaei, F., and M. Momeni. “Basics of Health Promotion from the Perspective of the Holy Qur’an and Traditions.” Health Education and Health Promotion 6, no. 4 (2018): 155–59. https://doi.org/10.29252/HEHP.6.4.155.
  42. Ridho, Muh Nur Akhsin, and Evi Martha. “Peran Fatwa Muhammadiyah Tentang Hukum Merokok Dalam Sikap, Norma Subjektif, Dan Kontrol Perilaku Terhadap Perilaku Merokok [The Role of Muhammadiyah Fatwa on Smoking Law in Attitudes, Subjective Norms, and Behavioral Control of Smoking Behavior].” Jurnal Kesehatan 11, no. 1 (2020): 133–44. https://doi.org/10.26630/jk.v11i1.1813.
  43. Rispler-Chaim, Vardit. “Islamic Medical Ethics in the 20th Century.” Journal of Medical Ethics 15, no. 4 (December 1, 1989): 203–8. https://doi.org/10.1136/jme.15.4.203.
  44. Salihu, Hamisu Mohammed. “Genetic Counselling Among Muslims: Questions Remain Unanswered.” The Lancet 350, no. 9083 (1997): 1035–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(05)64093-7.
  45. Sawicki, Nadia N. “Judging Doctors: The Person and the Professional.” AMA Journal of Ethics 13, no. 10 (October 1, 2011): 718–22. https://doi.org/10.1001/virtualmentor.2011.13.10.msoc1-1110.
  46. Seyvanizad, Jaber. “WMD under Islamic International Law.” International Journal of Law 3, no. 1 (2017): 12–16. http://www.lawjournals.org/archives/2017/vol3/issue1/2-6-36.
  47. Sheikh, Aziz. “Culturally Sensitive Care for the Dying Is a Basic Human Right. Rapid Response to: The Coroner Service,” June 21, 1999. https://www.bmj.com/rapid-response/2011/10/27/culturally-sensitive-care-dying-basic-human-right.
  48. Sheikh, Aziz. “Death and Dying—a Muslim Perspective.” Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 91, no. 3 (1998): 138–40. https://doi.org/10.1177/014107689809100307.
  49. Singer, Peter. How Are We to Live? Ethics in an Age of Self-Interest. Amherst, N.Y: Prometheus Books, 1995.
  50. Sque, Magi. “Book Review: Culture, Religion and Patient Care in a Multi-Ethnic Society: A Handbook for Professionals.” Nursing Ethics 7, no. 6 (2000): 545–46. https://doi.org/10.1177/096973300000700616.
  51. Thimbleby, Harold. “Technology and the Future of Healthcare.” Journal of Public Health Research 2, no. 3 (December 2013). https://doi.org/10.4081/jphr.2013.e28.
  52. Wong, Mee Lian, Kee Seng Chia, Sharon Wee, Sin Eng Chia, Jeannette Lee, Woon Puay Koh, Han Ming Shen, Julian Thumboo, and Dicky Sofjan. “Concerns over Participation in Genetic Research among Malay-Muslims, Chinese and Indians in Singapore: A Focus Group Study.” Community Genetics 7, no. 1 (2004): 44–54. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26679394.
  53. Yee, Lydia, Royal College of General Practitioners, and Inner City Task Force. Breaking Barriers: Towards Culturally Competent General Practice: A Consultation Project for the Rcgp Inner City Task Force. London: Royal College of General Practitioners, 1997.
  54. Zamir, Syed Rizwan. “Rethinking the Academic Study of the ‘Ulamā’ Tradition.” Islamic Studies 53, no. 3/4 (2014): 145–74. http://www.jstor.org/stable/44627375.