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Abstract
Akhlak (morality) is one of the three basic frameworks of islamic teachings (akidah, syari'ah and akhlak) which have important position. Moral expression is concrete evidence of the application and embodiment of aqidah and syari'ah, thus, represents the quality of Muslim’s faith. This research is a qualitative research conducted with literature study. This study seeks to explain the ethical concept of al-Ghazali and its application in the world of adult education, as explained by al-Ghazali in his works. The author limited the writings of al-Ghazali which are used as the basis for this research study, only to works written in the last years of his life, especially when he lived life as a Sufi. This research found that al-Ghazali divided adult education methods into two, general and specific. The general method applies to everyone and the specific method applies specifically to everyone based on the results of self-introspection.
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References
- Abdullah, Muhammad Amin. (1992). The Idea of Universality of Ethical Norms in Al-Ghazali and Immanuel Kant. Ankara: Kotlu Doguma Armagan.
- Al-Ghazali, Abu Hamid. (1998). Ihya ‘Ulum ad-Din. Alepo: Dâru al-Wa’y.
- Al-Ghazali, Abu Hamid. (2004). Al-Munqidz min adh-Dhalâl. Kairo, Maktabah al-Imân.
- Al-Ghazali, Abu Hamid. (2012). Mîzân al-‘Amal. Beirut, al-Maktabah al-‘Ashriyyah.
- Al-Jalayand, Muhammad as-Sayyid. (2006). Al-Imam al-Ghazâli dirâsât wa buhûts. Kairo, Dâr al-Hâni.
- Al-Jurjâni, ‘Ali ibn Muhammad as-Sayyid asy-Syarif. (2012). At-Ta’rîfât. Kairo, Dâru al-Fadhîlah.
- An-Najjâr, ‘Ammâr, (1992). Nadzhôrôt fî fikr al-Ghozâli. Kairo, Dar al-Ma’ârif.
- Al-Quasem, Muhammmad Abu. (1975). The Ethics of al-Ghazali: A Composite Ehics in Islam. Kuala Lumpur: Caravan Book.
- Badawy, Abdurrahman. (1977). Mu’allafât al-Ghazâli. Kuwait, Wakâlat al-Mathbû’ât.
- Bertens, K. (2013). Etika. Yogyakarta: Kanisius.
- Ibrahim ibn Isma’il. (Tanpa Tahun). Syarh Ta’lîm al-Muta’allim.Jakarta:,Dâr al-kutub al-Islamiyah.
- Iqbal, Abu Muhammad. (2013). Konsep Pemikiran al-Ghazali tentang Pendidikan. Madiun: Jaya Star Nine.
- Milyasari dan Asmendri. (2020). Penelitian Kepustakaan (Library Research) dalam Penelitian Pendidikan IPA. Natural Science: Jurnal Penelitian IPA dan Pendidikan IPA. Vol. 6, No. 1.
- Mubarak, Zaki. (2012). Al-Akhlaq ‘Inda al-Ghazali. Kairo, Kalimat ‘arabiyyah li al-tarjamah wa al-Nasyr.
- Muslih, Muhammad. (2008). Pengantar Filsafat. Ponorogo:Darussalam University Press.
- Thanthawi, Muhammad Sayyid. (2000). Al-‘Aqīdah wa al-Akhlak. Mesir: Nahdhatu Mishra.
References
Abdullah, Muhammad Amin. (1992). The Idea of Universality of Ethical Norms in Al-Ghazali and Immanuel Kant. Ankara: Kotlu Doguma Armagan.
Al-Ghazali, Abu Hamid. (1998). Ihya ‘Ulum ad-Din. Alepo: Dâru al-Wa’y.
Al-Ghazali, Abu Hamid. (2004). Al-Munqidz min adh-Dhalâl. Kairo, Maktabah al-Imân.
Al-Ghazali, Abu Hamid. (2012). Mîzân al-‘Amal. Beirut, al-Maktabah al-‘Ashriyyah.
Al-Jalayand, Muhammad as-Sayyid. (2006). Al-Imam al-Ghazâli dirâsât wa buhûts. Kairo, Dâr al-Hâni.
Al-Jurjâni, ‘Ali ibn Muhammad as-Sayyid asy-Syarif. (2012). At-Ta’rîfât. Kairo, Dâru al-Fadhîlah.
An-Najjâr, ‘Ammâr, (1992). Nadzhôrôt fî fikr al-Ghozâli. Kairo, Dar al-Ma’ârif.
Al-Quasem, Muhammmad Abu. (1975). The Ethics of al-Ghazali: A Composite Ehics in Islam. Kuala Lumpur: Caravan Book.
Badawy, Abdurrahman. (1977). Mu’allafât al-Ghazâli. Kuwait, Wakâlat al-Mathbû’ât.
Bertens, K. (2013). Etika. Yogyakarta: Kanisius.
Ibrahim ibn Isma’il. (Tanpa Tahun). Syarh Ta’lîm al-Muta’allim.Jakarta:,Dâr al-kutub al-Islamiyah.
Iqbal, Abu Muhammad. (2013). Konsep Pemikiran al-Ghazali tentang Pendidikan. Madiun: Jaya Star Nine.
Milyasari dan Asmendri. (2020). Penelitian Kepustakaan (Library Research) dalam Penelitian Pendidikan IPA. Natural Science: Jurnal Penelitian IPA dan Pendidikan IPA. Vol. 6, No. 1.
Mubarak, Zaki. (2012). Al-Akhlaq ‘Inda al-Ghazali. Kairo, Kalimat ‘arabiyyah li al-tarjamah wa al-Nasyr.
Muslih, Muhammad. (2008). Pengantar Filsafat. Ponorogo:Darussalam University Press.
Thanthawi, Muhammad Sayyid. (2000). Al-‘Aqīdah wa al-Akhlak. Mesir: Nahdhatu Mishra.