Main Article Content
Abstract
This study investigates the operationalization of eco-theology in Islamic education and its effects on students’ environmental awareness and behavior. Anchored in the Qur’anic principles of khilāfah (vicegerency), amānah (trusteeship), and mizān (balance), the research employs a qualitative case-study design across three Islamic elementary schools in Demak that have instituted eco-theology–based programs. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, classroom and schoolyard observations, and document analysis. The analytic procedure involved iterative reduction, categorical coding, and interpretive synthesis, followed by source triangulation to enhance credibility. The findings show that integrating eco-theology into the curriculum substantially strengthens students’ understanding of the connection between Islamic teachings and ecological responsibility while fostering tangible pro-environmental practices, including reforestation activities, structured waste management, and prudent energy use. Experiential learning and consistent teacher modeling emerged as decisive drivers of students’ ecological conduct. Nonetheless, implementation is constrained by limited instructional materials, uneven teacher training, and the absence of systematic, school-wide eco-theological policies. Policy implications indicate the need for comprehensive eco-theology curricula, sustained professional development for teachers, and governance frameworks that institutionalize environmental stewardship. Schools should formalize supportive policies and cultivate partnerships among educational institutions, academics, and environmental organizations to build a more sustainable and integrated learning ecosystem.
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References
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- Bensaid, B. (2023). An Overview Of Muslim Spiritual Eco-Education. Journal of Dharma, 48(4), 465–494. Scopus.
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- Cóndor-Salvatierra, E. J., Yuli-Posadas, R. A., & Rutti-Marín, J. M. (2022). Environmental Education: Challenges for the 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda. Revista de Filosofia (Venezuela), 39(100), 448–460. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6001700
- Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2018). Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design. https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/qualitative-inquiry-and-research-design/book266033
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- Grinfelde, I., Briede, B., Pilecka-Ulcugaceva, J., Valujeva, K., & Liepa, S. (2021). The Education For Sustainable Development For Environmental Engineering Students. 21(5.1), 583–590. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2021/5.1/s22.123
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- Maslani, Qadir, A., Muhyidin, A., & Hidayat, W. (2023). Ecopedagogy In Action: An Ethnographic Exploration Of Environmental Preservation Strategies In Pesantren. Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 9(2), 211–222. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.15575/jpi.v9i2.29347
- Meydan, C. H., & Akkaş, H. (2024). The role of triangulation in qualitative research: Converging perspectives. Principles of Conducting Qualitative Research in Multicultural Settings (pp. 98–129). Scopus. https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-3306-8.ch006
- Mohamed, N. (2014). Islamic Education, Eco-ethics and Community. Studies in Philosophy and Education, 33(3), 315–328. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11217-013-9387-y
- Muchlis, A. F., Larasati, D., Hanifah, Y., Ningsih, A. A., & Triyuly, W. (2024). Sustainability Goals: A Network Analysis Of Religious Values For Architecture Education And Ethics. Journal of Islamic Architecture, 8(2), 515–529. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.18860/jia.v8i2.24196
- Muhammad, M., Yaqin, M. Z. N., Mahfud, F. K. R., & Alahmadi, F. M. S. (2024). Freedom that is not Absolute: Ecological Ethics and Human-Nature Relationship in the Qur’an. Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae, 22(4), 17–27. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.21697/seb.5821
- Musa, M. N., Mokhtar, M. I., Rekan, A. A., & Zakaria, M. F. (2024). Islamic Environmental Education: The Experience of the Institute of Islamic Understanding Malaysia (IKIM). Contributions to Management Science, Part F2529, 731–741. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-48770-5_59
- Najib, M., Saefullah, U., Haryanti, E., Haetami, E., & Maryati, D. S. (2020). Environmental conservation paradigm in islamic ecological perspective. International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation, 24(4), 5440–5447. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.37200/IJPR/V24I4/PR201640
- Nasir, N. M., Nair, M. S., & Ahmed, P. K. (2022). Environmental Sustainability And Contemporary Islamic Society: A Shariah Perspective. Asian Academy of Management Journal, 27(2), 211–231. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.21315/aamj2022.27.2.10
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- Nasr, S. H. (with Internet Archive). (2002). The heart of Islam: Enduring values for humanity. [San Francisco, Calif.] : HarperSanFrancisco. http://archive.org/details/heartofislamendu0000nasr
- Nugraha, T. C., Abdel Rahim, E.-S. E.-S. A., & Lukman, F. (2024). Integrating Problem-Based And Flipped Learning In Islamic Religious Education: A Pathway To Achieving Sustainable Development Goals. Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 10(1), 125–136. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.15575/jpi.v10i1.35204
- Nurlaela, N., Zaki, M., Wildan, W., Mukhlis, M., Fattah, A., & Hadisaputra, P. (2024). The Strategy of Islamic Boarding School in Promoting Moral Education Based on Local Wisdom. PAEDAGOGIA, 27(2), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.20961/paedagogia.v27i2.83834
- Purnomo, J., Anantanyu, S., Saptaningtyas, H., & Mangunjaya, F. M. (2024). Prophetic Approach In Environmental Education And Community Empowerment: A Case Study Of Sustainable Pesantren Development. Revista de Gestao Social e Ambiental, 18(8). Scopus. https://doi.org/10.24857/rgsa.v18n8-047
- Rahman, Alwi, Z., Ilyas, Ilyas, A., Darussamin, Z., & Syafii, A. G. (2024). Socio-Eco-Religio-Cultural Approaches In Addressing Environmental Damage: An Interpretative Analysis Based On The Quran And Hadith. Revista de Gestao Social e Ambiental, 18(1). Scopus. https://doi.org/10.24857/RGSA.V18N1-127
- Romdloni, M. A., Fitriyah, F. K., Djazilan, M. S., & Taufiq, M. (2024). Eco-Theology; Habits and Lifestyle of Santri in Indonesian Islamic Boarding Schools. 482. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202448204030
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- Sayem, M. A. (2021). Islam and Environmental Ethics. Islamic Studies, 60(2), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.52541/isiri.v60i2.1438
- Schenck, J., & Cruickshank, J. (2015). Evolving Kolb: Experiential Education in the Age of Neuroscience. Journal of Experiential Education, 38(1), 73–95. https://doi.org/10.1177/1053825914547153
- Setianingrum, D. A., Setiyo, & Dwiyanto, A. (2024). Environmental Education through Islamic Lens: Values and Practices. 482. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202448204014
- Sterling, S. R. (with Internet Archive). (2001). Sustainable education: Re-visioning learning and change. Totnes : Green Books for the Schumacher Society. http://archive.org/details/sustainableeduca0000ster
References
Anshori, A. A., & Pohl, F. (2022). Environmental Education and Indonesia’s Traditional Islamic Boarding Schools: Curricular and Pedagogical Innovation in the Green Pesantren Initiative. In Supporting Modern Teaching in Islamic Schools: Pedagogical Best Practice for Teachers (pp. 31–44). Scopus. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003193432-4
Begum, A., Jingwei, L., Haider, M., Ajmal, M. M., Khan, S., & Han, H. (2021). Impact of Environmental Moral Education on Pro-Environmental Behaviour: Do Psychological Empowerment and Islamic Religiosity Matter? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(4), Article 4. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041604
Bensaid, B. (2023). An Overview Of Muslim Spiritual Eco-Education. Journal of Dharma, 48(4), 465–494. Scopus.
Carter, N., Bryant-Lukosius, D., DiCenso, A., Blythe, J., & Neville, A. J. (2014). The use of triangulation in qualitative research. Oncology Nursing Forum, 41(5), 545–547. https://doi.org/10.1188/14.ONF.545-547
Cóndor-Salvatierra, E. J., Yuli-Posadas, R. A., & Rutti-Marín, J. M. (2022). Environmental Education: Challenges for the 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda. Revista de Filosofia (Venezuela), 39(100), 448–460. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6001700
Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2018). Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design. https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/qualitative-inquiry-and-research-design/book266033
Djirong, A., Jayadi, K., Abduh, A., Mutolib, A., Mustofa, R. F., & Rahmat, A. (2024). Assessment of Student Awareness and Application of Eco-Friendly Curriculum and Technologies in Indonesian Higher Education for Supporting Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): A Case Study on Environmental Challenges. Indonesian Journal of Science and Technology, 9(3), 657–678. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.17509/ijost.v9i3.74385
Dunlop, L., & Rushton, E. A. C. (2022). Putting climate change at the heart of education: Is England’s strategy a placebo for policy? British Educational Research Journal, 48(6), 1083–1101. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1002/berj.3816
Fua, J. L., Nurlila, R. U., Gunawan, F., & Wekke, I. S. (2018). Islamic Education on Formation of Environmental Awareness in Pondok Pesantren Indonesia. 156(1). Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/156/1/012035
Galily, Y. (2024). Interviewing. In Encyclopedia of Sport Management, Second Edition (pp. 519–520). Scopus. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781035317189.ch303
García, N. M., Polo, R. L. G., Sosa, A. D. P., & Sotelo, C. G. M. (2024). Education and environmental culture in times of crisis: A review towards sustainable development. Produccion y Limpia, 19(1), 72–88. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.22507/pml.v19n1a1
Grinfelde, I., Briede, B., Pilecka-Ulcugaceva, J., Valujeva, K., & Liepa, S. (2021). The Education For Sustainable Development For Environmental Engineering Students. 21(5.1), 583–590. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2021/5.1/s22.123
Hassan, M. (2024, March 26). Case Study—Methods, Examples and Guide. Research Method. https://researchmethod.net/case-study-research/
Hassan, R. (2024). Islamic Sustainable Finance Paradigm. In Islamic Sustainable Finance: Policy, Risk and Regulation (pp. 5–14). Scopus. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003395447-3
Huang, R. X., Pagano, A., & Marengo, A. (2024). Values-Based Education for Sustainable Development (VbESD): Introducing a Pedagogical Framework for Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) Using a Values-Based Education (VbE) Approach. Sustainability (Switzerland), 16(9). Scopus. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16093562
Ibrahim, A. A. M., Al Aradi, A., Arshi, M. F., & Jamal, Z. (2023). An Understanding of ‘Sustainable Development’ from a Shariah Perspective and the Role Played by Islamic Finance in Its Attainment to Absorb COVID-19 Pandemic Effect. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, 495 LNNS, 533–540. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-08954-1_47
Ismail, A. M., & Firas, M. F. (2024). Environmental Degradation and Radical Solution from Islamic Perspective. International Journal of Islamic Thought, 26, 1–12. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.24035/ijit.26.2024.297
Khotimah, K., Taembo, M., Hipni, M., & Lutfitasari, W. (2025). Sustainable Character Formation In Eco-Pesantren: A Linguistic And Spiritual Ecology Perspective Under The Sdgs Framework. Journal of Lifestyle and SDG’S Review, 5(1). Scopus. https://doi.org/10.47172/2965-730X.SDGsReview.v5.n01.pe02519
Kolb, D. A. (1976). Kolb’s Experiential Learning Model | EBSCO Research Starters. 374. https://www.ebsco.com/research-starters/education/kolbs-experiential-learning-model
Lutfauziah, A., Al-Muhdhar, M. H. I., Suhadi, & Rohman, F. (2023). Curriculum development for environmental education at an Islamic boarding school. Journal of Turkish Science Education, 20(3), Article 3. https://doi.org/10.36681/tused.2023.028
Maslani, Qadir, A., Muhyidin, A., & Hidayat, W. (2023). Ecopedagogy In Action: An Ethnographic Exploration Of Environmental Preservation Strategies In Pesantren. Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 9(2), 211–222. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.15575/jpi.v9i2.29347
Meydan, C. H., & Akkaş, H. (2024). The role of triangulation in qualitative research: Converging perspectives. Principles of Conducting Qualitative Research in Multicultural Settings (pp. 98–129). Scopus. https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-3306-8.ch006
Mohamed, N. (2014). Islamic Education, Eco-ethics and Community. Studies in Philosophy and Education, 33(3), 315–328. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11217-013-9387-y
Muchlis, A. F., Larasati, D., Hanifah, Y., Ningsih, A. A., & Triyuly, W. (2024). Sustainability Goals: A Network Analysis Of Religious Values For Architecture Education And Ethics. Journal of Islamic Architecture, 8(2), 515–529. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.18860/jia.v8i2.24196
Muhammad, M., Yaqin, M. Z. N., Mahfud, F. K. R., & Alahmadi, F. M. S. (2024). Freedom that is not Absolute: Ecological Ethics and Human-Nature Relationship in the Qur’an. Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae, 22(4), 17–27. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.21697/seb.5821
Musa, M. N., Mokhtar, M. I., Rekan, A. A., & Zakaria, M. F. (2024). Islamic Environmental Education: The Experience of the Institute of Islamic Understanding Malaysia (IKIM). Contributions to Management Science, Part F2529, 731–741. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-48770-5_59
Najib, M., Saefullah, U., Haryanti, E., Haetami, E., & Maryati, D. S. (2020). Environmental conservation paradigm in islamic ecological perspective. International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation, 24(4), 5440–5447. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.37200/IJPR/V24I4/PR201640
Nasir, N. M., Nair, M. S., & Ahmed, P. K. (2022). Environmental Sustainability And Contemporary Islamic Society: A Shariah Perspective. Asian Academy of Management Journal, 27(2), 211–231. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.21315/aamj2022.27.2.10
Nasr, S. H. (with Internet Archive). (1968). The encounter of man and nature: The spiritual crisis of modern man. London : Allen & Unwin. http://archive.org/details/encounterofmanna0000nasr
Nasr, S. H. (with Internet Archive). (2002). The heart of Islam: Enduring values for humanity. [San Francisco, Calif.] : HarperSanFrancisco. http://archive.org/details/heartofislamendu0000nasr
Nugraha, T. C., Abdel Rahim, E.-S. E.-S. A., & Lukman, F. (2024). Integrating Problem-Based And Flipped Learning In Islamic Religious Education: A Pathway To Achieving Sustainable Development Goals. Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 10(1), 125–136. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.15575/jpi.v10i1.35204
Nurlaela, N., Zaki, M., Wildan, W., Mukhlis, M., Fattah, A., & Hadisaputra, P. (2024). The Strategy of Islamic Boarding School in Promoting Moral Education Based on Local Wisdom. PAEDAGOGIA, 27(2), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.20961/paedagogia.v27i2.83834
Purnomo, J., Anantanyu, S., Saptaningtyas, H., & Mangunjaya, F. M. (2024). Prophetic Approach In Environmental Education And Community Empowerment: A Case Study Of Sustainable Pesantren Development. Revista de Gestao Social e Ambiental, 18(8). Scopus. https://doi.org/10.24857/rgsa.v18n8-047
Rahman, Alwi, Z., Ilyas, Ilyas, A., Darussamin, Z., & Syafii, A. G. (2024). Socio-Eco-Religio-Cultural Approaches In Addressing Environmental Damage: An Interpretative Analysis Based On The Quran And Hadith. Revista de Gestao Social e Ambiental, 18(1). Scopus. https://doi.org/10.24857/RGSA.V18N1-127
Romdloni, M. A., Fitriyah, F. K., Djazilan, M. S., & Taufiq, M. (2024). Eco-Theology; Habits and Lifestyle of Santri in Indonesian Islamic Boarding Schools. 482. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202448204030
Romlah, L. S., Purnama, R., Ambarwati, R., Hijriyah, U., Amriyah, C., & Jamaluddin, W. Z. (2024). Environmental-based Learning Management in Islamic Education Institutions. 482. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202448204019
Salman, A. M. B., & Asmanto, E. (2024). Islamic Environmental Stewardship: A Sociological Approach to Hadith and Legal Frameworks for Ecological Responsibility. Volksgeist: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Dan Konstitusi, 7(2), 361–378. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.24090/volksgeist.v7i2.12205
Sayem, M. A. (2021). Islam and Environmental Ethics. Islamic Studies, 60(2), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.52541/isiri.v60i2.1438
Schenck, J., & Cruickshank, J. (2015). Evolving Kolb: Experiential Education in the Age of Neuroscience. Journal of Experiential Education, 38(1), 73–95. https://doi.org/10.1177/1053825914547153
Setianingrum, D. A., Setiyo, & Dwiyanto, A. (2024). Environmental Education through Islamic Lens: Values and Practices. 482. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202448204014
Sterling, S. R. (with Internet Archive). (2001). Sustainable education: Re-visioning learning and change. Totnes : Green Books for the Schumacher Society. http://archive.org/details/sustainableeduca0000ster