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Abstract
This study investigates how peace education is institutionalised within the pedagogical and organisational practices of an Islamic boarding school (pesantren) to foster anti-violence character formation among students. Using a qualitative case study, data were collected from 8 participants selected through purposive sampling, including kiai, teachers, students, administrators, and alumni, through semi-structured interviews, participant observation, and document analysis. The findings reveal three key patterns. First, peace education is embedded in everyday religious learning and character-based pedagogy grounded in the values of prophecy, compassion, respect, and moral responsibility. Second, institutional mechanisms—including mediation practices, counselling, ta’zir (educational disciplinary measures), and curriculum integration—reinforce the internalisation of non-violent values. Third, the leadership of the kiai, together with community and family engagement, strengthens the sustainability of peace education beyond the classroom. This study advances peace education scholarship by proposing an institutional model of peace education in pesantren, demonstrating how religious pedagogy and institutional culture operate together to cultivate anti-violence character within an Islamic educational setting
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Copyright (c) 2026 Zamzami Sabiq, Mohammad Takdir

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References
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- Alwi, S., Iqbal, M., Hidayahtul, N., Manas, N., Islam, A., Lhokseumawe, N., & Malikussaleh, U. (2023). Preventing Bullying in Integrated Islamic Boarding Schools of Lhokseumawe City: A Strategic Management Approach. Idarah (Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Kependidikan), 7(1), 17–34. https://doi.org/10.47766/idarah.v7i1.138 DOI: https://doi.org/10.47766/idarah.v7i1.138
- Anggresta, V., & Maya, S. (2020). Edukasi dan Penangulangan Dampak Bullying dengan Pembelajaran Empati dan Storyteling. Martabe: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat, 3(1), 156–162. https://doi.org/10.31604/jpm.v3i1.156-162
- Anggung, M., & Prasetyo, M. (2023). Towards A Bully-Free Pesantren: The Role of Educational Management With Adaptive Psychology and Mental Health Interventions. At-Ta’dib, 1(2), 90–105. https://doi.org/10.21111/attadib.v18i1.9458 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21111/attadib.v18i1.9458
- Arikunto, S. (1993). Prosedur Penelitian. Rineka Cipta.
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- Bandura, A. (1971). Social learning theory. General Learning Press. https://doi.org/10.5040/9798216000365.0183 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5040/9798216000365.0183
- Bourdieu, P. (1972). Outline of a Theory of Practice. Cambridge University Press.
- Galtung, J. (1996). Peace by Peaceful Means: Peace and Conflict, Development and Civilization. SAGE Publication. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446221631
- Harris, I. M., & Morrison, M. L. (2012). Peace Education. McFarland.
- Johnson, D. W., & Johnson, R. T. (2005). New Developments in Social Interdependence Theory. Genetic, Social, and General Psychology Monographs, 131(4), 85–358. https://doi.org/10.3200/mono.131.4.285-358 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3200/MONO.131.4.285-358
- Junaidi, & Sahrandi, A. (2025). Pesantren Strategies in Anti-Bullying Education and Protection of Students in Pesantren. Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 15(2), 248–261. https://doi.org/10.38073/jpi.v15i2.3633 DOI: https://doi.org/10.38073/jpi.v15i2.3633
- Kahar, S., Barus, M. I., & Wijaya, C. (2019). Peran Pesantren dalam Membentuk Karakter Santri. Anthropos: Jurnal Antropologi Sosial Dan Budaya (Journal of Social and Cultural Anthropology), 4(2), 170. https://doi.org/10.24114/antro.v4i2.11949 DOI: https://doi.org/10.24114/antro.v4i2.11949
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- Koentjaraningrat. (1994). Metode-Metode Penelitian Masyarakat. PT. Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
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- Lickona, T. (1996). Eleven principles of effective character education. Journal of Moral Education, 25(1), 93–100. https://doi.org/10.1080/0305724960250110 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/0305724960250110
- Lubis, A. H., Rahman, M., Susmiyati, S., Marazi, H., Islam, U., Sultan, N., Muhammad, A., & Samarinda, I. (2025). A Love-Based Curriculum: A Preventive Strategy Against Violence and Radicalism in Islamic Boarding Schools. Syamil Journal of Islamic Education, 13(3), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.21093/sy.v13i3.11652
- Ma`arif, M. A., & Kartiko, A. (2018). Fenomenologi Hukuman di Pesantren : Analisis Tata Tertib Santri Pondok Pesantren Daruttaqwa Gresik. Nadwa: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 12(1), 181–196. https://doi.org/10.21580/nw.2018.12.1.1862 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21580/nw.2018.12.1.1862
- Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (2014). Qualitative Data Analysis: A Methods Sourcebook. SAGE Publications Inc.
- Muwakhidah, M. (2021). Keefektifan Peer-Counseling (Konseling Teman Sebaya) Untuk Meningkatkan Resiliensi Remaja di Pondok Pesantren Bahrul Ulum Jombang. Nusantara of Research : Jurnal Hasil-Hasil Penelitian Universitas Nusantara PGRI Kediri, 8(1), 52–64. https://doi.org/10.29407/nor.v8i1.15663 DOI: https://doi.org/10.29407/nor.v8i1.15663
- Nasir, M. (1998). Metode Penelitian. Ghalia Indonesia.
- Nucci, L., & Krettenauer, T. (2008). Handbook of Moral and Character Education. Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203931431
- Nurlelah, & Mukri, S. G. (2019). Dampak Bullying terhadap Kesehatan Mental Santri (Studi Kasus Di Pondok Pesantren Darul Muttaqien Parung). Fikrah: Journal of Islamic Education, 3(1), 72–86. https://doi.org/10.32507/fikrah.v3i1.448
- Permata, I. (2022). Dampak Bullying terhadap Perilaku Remaja: Studi Kasus pada Pelajar SMA Negri Palembang. Jurnal Intervensi Sosial Dan Pembangunan (JISP), 3(1), 10–16. https://doi.org/10.30596/jisp.v3i1.8637 DOI: https://doi.org/10.30596/jisp.v3i1.8637
- Rahmanillah, C., Pratiwi, E. Y., & Sari, F. H. (2018). Pengaruh Social Support dan Self-Esteem terhadap Subjective Well-Being Remaja Korban Bullying di Pondok Pesantren. Intuisi: Jurnal Psikologi Ilmiah, 10(3), 269–276. https://doi.org/10.15294/intuisi.v10i3.18867
- Rahmati, A., & Mubarak, F. (2023). Prevention Strategy of Violence in Pesantren. Santri: Journal of Pesantren and Fiqh Social, 4(1), 21–32. https://doi.org/10.35878/santri.v4i1.543 DOI: https://doi.org/10.35878/santri.v4i1.543
- Santoso, M. A. F., & Khisbiyah, Y. (2021). Islam-based peace education: Values, program, reflection and implication. Indonesian Journal of Islam and Muslim Societies, 11(1), 185–207. https://doi.org/10.18326/IJIMS.V11I1.185-207 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18326/ijims.v11i1.185-207
- Sayyi, A., Muslimin, A. A., Fithriyah, I., Al-manduriy, M., Salam, A., & Ghaleb, H. (2025). Child-Friendly Education Model for Violence Prevention in Islamic Boarding Schools. Al-Hayat: Journal of Islamic Education (AJIE), 9(4), 1–21. https://doi.org/DOI: https://doi.org/10.35723/ajie.v9i4.187 DOI: https://doi.org/10.35723/ajie.v9i4.187
- Toipah, T. (2021). Tanbih Sebagai Peace Education Di Pesantren Sirnarasa, Ciamis, Jawa Barat. Al-Tsaqafa: Jurnal Ilmiah Peradaban Islam, 18(1), 62–70. https://doi.org/10.15575/al-tsaqafa.v18i1.12629
References
Afiah, K. N., & Fadhliyah, L. (2022). Exploring Education Peace in Islamic Boarding Schools: Local Wisdom as Forming the Character of Peace-Minded Students. IJIE: International Journal of Islamic Education, 1(1), 35–48. https://doi.org/10.35719/ijie.v1i1.1533 DOI: https://doi.org/10.35719/ijie.v1i1.1533
Alwi, S., Iqbal, M., Hidayahtul, N., Manas, N., Islam, A., Lhokseumawe, N., & Malikussaleh, U. (2023). Preventing Bullying in Integrated Islamic Boarding Schools of Lhokseumawe City: A Strategic Management Approach. Idarah (Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Kependidikan), 7(1), 17–34. https://doi.org/10.47766/idarah.v7i1.138 DOI: https://doi.org/10.47766/idarah.v7i1.138
Anggresta, V., & Maya, S. (2020). Edukasi dan Penangulangan Dampak Bullying dengan Pembelajaran Empati dan Storyteling. Martabe: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat, 3(1), 156–162. https://doi.org/10.31604/jpm.v3i1.156-162
Anggung, M., & Prasetyo, M. (2023). Towards A Bully-Free Pesantren: The Role of Educational Management With Adaptive Psychology and Mental Health Interventions. At-Ta’dib, 1(2), 90–105. https://doi.org/10.21111/attadib.v18i1.9458 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21111/attadib.v18i1.9458
Arikunto, S. (1993). Prosedur Penelitian. Rineka Cipta.
Asnawan. (2021). Integrated Model of Peace Education Based on Contextual Islamic Washatiyah at Nurul Islam Jember. Al-Tahrir, 21(02), 339–364. https://doi.org/10.21154/altahrir.v21i2.3232 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21154/altahrir.v21i2.3232
Bandura, A. (1971). Social learning theory. General Learning Press. https://doi.org/10.5040/9798216000365.0183 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5040/9798216000365.0183
Bourdieu, P. (1972). Outline of a Theory of Practice. Cambridge University Press.
Galtung, J. (1996). Peace by Peaceful Means: Peace and Conflict, Development and Civilization. SAGE Publication. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446221631
Harris, I. M., & Morrison, M. L. (2012). Peace Education. McFarland.
Johnson, D. W., & Johnson, R. T. (2005). New Developments in Social Interdependence Theory. Genetic, Social, and General Psychology Monographs, 131(4), 85–358. https://doi.org/10.3200/mono.131.4.285-358 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3200/MONO.131.4.285-358
Junaidi, & Sahrandi, A. (2025). Pesantren Strategies in Anti-Bullying Education and Protection of Students in Pesantren. Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 15(2), 248–261. https://doi.org/10.38073/jpi.v15i2.3633 DOI: https://doi.org/10.38073/jpi.v15i2.3633
Kahar, S., Barus, M. I., & Wijaya, C. (2019). Peran Pesantren dalam Membentuk Karakter Santri. Anthropos: Jurnal Antropologi Sosial Dan Budaya (Journal of Social and Cultural Anthropology), 4(2), 170. https://doi.org/10.24114/antro.v4i2.11949 DOI: https://doi.org/10.24114/antro.v4i2.11949
Khoir, A. K., & Kurniawati, F. (2025). Bullying in Pesantren (Islamic Boarding School): A Systematic Review of Its Psychological Effects, Influencing Factors, and Intervention Strategies. Psikis: Jurnal Psikologi Islami, 11(1), 14–31. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.19109/psikis.v11i1.27270 DOI: https://doi.org/10.19109/psikis.v11i1.27270
Koentjaraningrat. (1994). Metode-Metode Penelitian Masyarakat. PT. Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
Lestari, R. F., & Susanto, A. (2019). Hubungan Kematangan Emosi Terhadap Perilaku Agresif Siswa Madrasah Aliyah Dan Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan. Jurnal Ners Indonesia, 9(2), 114. https://doi.org/10.31258/jni.10.1.114-121 DOI: https://doi.org/10.31258/jni.10.1.114-121
Lickona, T. (1996). Eleven principles of effective character education. Journal of Moral Education, 25(1), 93–100. https://doi.org/10.1080/0305724960250110 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/0305724960250110
Lubis, A. H., Rahman, M., Susmiyati, S., Marazi, H., Islam, U., Sultan, N., Muhammad, A., & Samarinda, I. (2025). A Love-Based Curriculum: A Preventive Strategy Against Violence and Radicalism in Islamic Boarding Schools. Syamil Journal of Islamic Education, 13(3), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.21093/sy.v13i3.11652
Ma`arif, M. A., & Kartiko, A. (2018). Fenomenologi Hukuman di Pesantren : Analisis Tata Tertib Santri Pondok Pesantren Daruttaqwa Gresik. Nadwa: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 12(1), 181–196. https://doi.org/10.21580/nw.2018.12.1.1862 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21580/nw.2018.12.1.1862
Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (2014). Qualitative Data Analysis: A Methods Sourcebook. SAGE Publications Inc.
Muwakhidah, M. (2021). Keefektifan Peer-Counseling (Konseling Teman Sebaya) Untuk Meningkatkan Resiliensi Remaja di Pondok Pesantren Bahrul Ulum Jombang. Nusantara of Research : Jurnal Hasil-Hasil Penelitian Universitas Nusantara PGRI Kediri, 8(1), 52–64. https://doi.org/10.29407/nor.v8i1.15663 DOI: https://doi.org/10.29407/nor.v8i1.15663
Nasir, M. (1998). Metode Penelitian. Ghalia Indonesia.
Nucci, L., & Krettenauer, T. (2008). Handbook of Moral and Character Education. Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203931431
Nurlelah, & Mukri, S. G. (2019). Dampak Bullying terhadap Kesehatan Mental Santri (Studi Kasus Di Pondok Pesantren Darul Muttaqien Parung). Fikrah: Journal of Islamic Education, 3(1), 72–86. https://doi.org/10.32507/fikrah.v3i1.448
Permata, I. (2022). Dampak Bullying terhadap Perilaku Remaja: Studi Kasus pada Pelajar SMA Negri Palembang. Jurnal Intervensi Sosial Dan Pembangunan (JISP), 3(1), 10–16. https://doi.org/10.30596/jisp.v3i1.8637 DOI: https://doi.org/10.30596/jisp.v3i1.8637
Rahmanillah, C., Pratiwi, E. Y., & Sari, F. H. (2018). Pengaruh Social Support dan Self-Esteem terhadap Subjective Well-Being Remaja Korban Bullying di Pondok Pesantren. Intuisi: Jurnal Psikologi Ilmiah, 10(3), 269–276. https://doi.org/10.15294/intuisi.v10i3.18867
Rahmati, A., & Mubarak, F. (2023). Prevention Strategy of Violence in Pesantren. Santri: Journal of Pesantren and Fiqh Social, 4(1), 21–32. https://doi.org/10.35878/santri.v4i1.543 DOI: https://doi.org/10.35878/santri.v4i1.543
Santoso, M. A. F., & Khisbiyah, Y. (2021). Islam-based peace education: Values, program, reflection and implication. Indonesian Journal of Islam and Muslim Societies, 11(1), 185–207. https://doi.org/10.18326/IJIMS.V11I1.185-207 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18326/ijims.v11i1.185-207
Sayyi, A., Muslimin, A. A., Fithriyah, I., Al-manduriy, M., Salam, A., & Ghaleb, H. (2025). Child-Friendly Education Model for Violence Prevention in Islamic Boarding Schools. Al-Hayat: Journal of Islamic Education (AJIE), 9(4), 1–21. https://doi.org/DOI: https://doi.org/10.35723/ajie.v9i4.187 DOI: https://doi.org/10.35723/ajie.v9i4.187
Toipah, T. (2021). Tanbih Sebagai Peace Education Di Pesantren Sirnarasa, Ciamis, Jawa Barat. Al-Tsaqafa: Jurnal Ilmiah Peradaban Islam, 18(1), 62–70. https://doi.org/10.15575/al-tsaqafa.v18i1.12629