Main Article Content
Abstract
Environmental injustice and the fulfillment of the right to the environment have a relationship with each other. Environmental injustice is a real violation of the right to the environment and an inhibiting factor in fulfilling the right to the environment. Therefore, obstacles in fulfilling the right to the environment are related to environmental injustice. This study was conducted to examine the fulfillment of the right to the environment within the framework of environmental justice taxonomy which sees environmental justice as distributive justice, corrective justice, procedural justice, and social justice. This research is doctrinal legal research with a conceptual approach. The results of this study show that in the context of fulfilling the right to the environment, obstacles can be caused by distributive injustice in the form of unfair distribution of environmental benefits and risks, corrective injustice that causes weak legal protection for people’s environmental right, procedural injustice that hinders access to information, access to participation, and access to justice, and social injustice due to problems that still occur in the previous three aspects. In fact, the four aspects of environmental justice must be realized in order to fulfill the right to the environment as part of human rights.
Keywords
Article Details
References
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- Asshiddiqie, Jimly, Green Constitution Nuansa Hijau Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945, PT RajaGrafindo Persada, Depok, 2009.
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- Diantoro, Totok Dwi, dkk (editor), Antologi Hak Akses Masyarakat dalam Perlindungan Lingkungan Hidup, ICEL, Jakarta, 2021.
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- Hardjasoemantri, Koesnadi, Hukum Tata Lingkungan, Cetakan ke-22, Edisi ke-8, UGM Press, Yogyakarta, 2017.
- Hiariej, Eddy O.S, Prinsip-Prinsip Hukum Pidana Edisi Revisi, Cahaya Atma Pustaka, Yogyakarta, 2016.
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- Melissa Thorme, “Establishing Environment as a Human Right”, Denver Journal of International Law & Policy, Vol. 19, No. 2, Mei, 2020.
- Nadira T dan Achmad R.Y.P, “Pemenuhan Hak atas Akses Informasi Lingkungan Hidup dan Partisipasi Publik terhadap Pencemaran Udara DKI Jakarta”, Jurnal Hukum Lingkungan Indonesia, Vol. 8, No. 2, 2022.
- Ole W. Pedersen, “Environmental Principles and Environmental Justice”, Env L Review, Vol. 12, 2010.
- P. Anand, “Decision-Making when Science is Ambiguous”, Science, Vol. 295, Maret, 2002.
- Paul Mohai and Bunyan Bryant, “Environmental Injustice: Weighing Race and Class as Factors in the Distribution of Environmental Hazards”, University of Colorado Law Review, Vol. 63, 1992.
- Robert D. Bullard, “Environmental Justice in the 21st Century: Race Still Matters”, Phylon, Vol. 9, No. 3/4, 2001.
- Robert R. Kuehn, “A Taxonomy of Environmental Justice”, Environmental Law Reporter, Vol. 30, 2000.
- “Environmental Justice”, https://www.epa.gov/environmentaljustice, diakses tanggal 7 Maret 2023.
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- “Keadilan di PN Pelalawan dan Tantangan Eksekusi”, https://www.icel.or.id/kehutanan-dan-lahan/keadilan-di-pn-pelalawan-dan-tantangan-eksekusi, diakses 8 April 2023.
- “Poin-poin Penolakan Warga Wadas terhadap Tambang Andesit untuk PSN Bendungan Bener”, https://www.kompas.com/properti/read/2022/02/09/150000521/poin-poin-penolakan-warga-wadas-terhadap-tambang-andesit-untuk-psn?page=all, diakses 9 Maret 2023.
- Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945.
- Undang-Undang Hak Asasi Manusia, UU No. 39 Tahun 1999, LN. No. 165 Tahun 1999, TLN No. 3886.
- Undang-Undang Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup, UU No. 32 Tahun 2009, LN. No. 140 Tahun 2009, TLN No. 5059.
References
Alder, John & David Wilkinson, Environtmental Law and Ethics, MacMillan Press, London, 1999.
Asshiddiqie, Jimly, Green Constitution Nuansa Hijau Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945, PT RajaGrafindo Persada, Depok, 2009.
Atapattu, Sumudu & Andrea Schapper, Human Rights and the Environment Keys Issues, Routledge, New York, 2019.
Binawan, Al. Andang dan Tanius Sebastian, Menim(b)ang Keadilan Eko-Sosial, Kertas Kerja Epistema No. 07/2012, Epistema Institute, Jakarta.
Diantoro, Totok Dwi, dkk (editor), Antologi Hak Akses Masyarakat dalam Perlindungan Lingkungan Hidup, ICEL, Jakarta, 2021.
Fajar, Mukti dan Yulianto Achmad, Cet. ke-5, Dualisme Penelitian Hukum Normatif & Empiris, Pustaka Pelajar, Yogyakarta, 2019.
Hardjasoemantri, Koesnadi, Hukum Tata Lingkungan, Cetakan ke-22, Edisi ke-8, UGM Press, Yogyakarta, 2017.
Hiariej, Eddy O.S, Prinsip-Prinsip Hukum Pidana Edisi Revisi, Cahaya Atma Pustaka, Yogyakarta, 2016.
Irianto, Sulistyowati dan Sidharta (editor), Metode Penelitian Hukum Konstelasi dan Refleksi, Yayasan Obor Indonesia, Jakarta, 2009.
Saleh, M. Ridha, Ecocide Melawan Pelanggaran Berat HAM di Indonesia, Rayyana Komunikasindo, Jakarta, 2020.
Agung Wardana, “Hak atas Lingkungan: Sebuah Pengantar Diskusi”, Jurnal Advokasi, Vol. 3, No. 2, 2013.
Agung Wardana, “Geografi Hukum Proyek Strategis Nasional: Studi Kasus Bendungan Bener di Purworejo, Jawa Tengah”, Undang: Jurnal Hukum, Vol. 5, No. 1, 2022.
Alice Kaswan, “Environmental Justice: Bridging the Gap Between Environmental Laws and “Justice”, The American University Law Review, Vol. 47, No. 221, 1997.
Andri G. Wibisana, “Keadilan dalam Satu (Intra) Generasi: Sebuah Pengantar Berdasarkan Taksonomi Keadilan Lingkungan”, Mimbar Hukum, Vol. 29, No. 2, Juni, 2017.
David Scholsberg, “Reconceiving Environmental Justice: Global Movements and Political Theories”, Environmental Politics, Vol. 13, No. 3, 2004.
Haydn W, et al., “Foregrounding Ecojustice in Conservation”, Biological Conservation, 228, 2018.
Jerry Ravetz, “The Post-Normal Science of Precaution”, Futures, Vol. 36, 2004.
Melissa Thorme, “Establishing Environment as a Human Right”, Denver Journal of International Law & Policy, Vol. 19, No. 2, Mei, 2020.
Nadira T dan Achmad R.Y.P, “Pemenuhan Hak atas Akses Informasi Lingkungan Hidup dan Partisipasi Publik terhadap Pencemaran Udara DKI Jakarta”, Jurnal Hukum Lingkungan Indonesia, Vol. 8, No. 2, 2022.
Ole W. Pedersen, “Environmental Principles and Environmental Justice”, Env L Review, Vol. 12, 2010.
P. Anand, “Decision-Making when Science is Ambiguous”, Science, Vol. 295, Maret, 2002.
Paul Mohai and Bunyan Bryant, “Environmental Injustice: Weighing Race and Class as Factors in the Distribution of Environmental Hazards”, University of Colorado Law Review, Vol. 63, 1992.
Robert D. Bullard, “Environmental Justice in the 21st Century: Race Still Matters”, Phylon, Vol. 9, No. 3/4, 2001.
Robert R. Kuehn, “A Taxonomy of Environmental Justice”, Environmental Law Reporter, Vol. 30, 2000.
“Environmental Justice”, https://www.epa.gov/environmentaljustice, diakses tanggal 7 Maret 2023.
“Hari Lingkungan Hidup Sedunia: Tantangan dan Peluang Pemulihan Lingkungan Hidup Melalui Eksekusi Putusan Perkara Pidana dan Perdata”, https://icel.or.id/kegiatan/hari-lingkungan-hidup-sedunia-tantangan-dan-peluang-pemulihan-lingkungan-hidup-melalui-eksekusi-putusan-perkara-pidana-dan-perdata, diakses 8 April 2023.
“HAM dan Lingkungan”, https://www.amnesty.id/ham-dan-lingkungan/, diakses tanggal 6 Maret 2023.
“Keadilan di PN Pelalawan dan Tantangan Eksekusi”, https://www.icel.or.id/kehutanan-dan-lahan/keadilan-di-pn-pelalawan-dan-tantangan-eksekusi, diakses 8 April 2023.
“Poin-poin Penolakan Warga Wadas terhadap Tambang Andesit untuk PSN Bendungan Bener”, https://www.kompas.com/properti/read/2022/02/09/150000521/poin-poin-penolakan-warga-wadas-terhadap-tambang-andesit-untuk-psn?page=all, diakses 9 Maret 2023.
Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945.
Undang-Undang Hak Asasi Manusia, UU No. 39 Tahun 1999, LN. No. 165 Tahun 1999, TLN No. 3886.
Undang-Undang Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup, UU No. 32 Tahun 2009, LN. No. 140 Tahun 2009, TLN No. 5059.