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Abstract
Apart from the state, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) also plays a significant role in shaping international law through its rulings and legal advisors. Article 38 of the ICJ Statute states that the ICJ is nevertheless only permitted to use traditional legal sources to perform its duties. In order to achieve the universalism of international law, the Court, as an organization that represents legal systems around the world, ought to be permitted to rely on Islamic law as one of its legal sources when performing its duties. Consequently, Islamic law can be represented in developing international law. This article proposes the potential influence of Islamic law on the development of international law in the future through the ICJ. Through an inter-civilizational perspective, international law can be understood as a discourse among different civilizations worldwide. In this context, Islamic law must actively participate in this debate as a representative of a legal system and identity.
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References
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- Anghie, Antony. Imperialism, Sovereignty and the Making of International Law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004.
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- ———. ‘Islamic Law States and the International Court of Justice’. Journal of Peace Research 50, no. 2 (2013).
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- Richard Collins. ‘How to Defend International Legal Method?’ In Research Methods in International Law: A Handbook, edited by Nicholas Tsagourias Rossana Deplano,. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2021.
- Rosenne, Shabtai. The Law and Practice of the International Court of Justice, 1920-2005. Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff, 2006.
- Shaw, Malcolm N. International Law. Fifth Edit. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003.
- ———. ‘The International Court of Justice: A Practical Perspective’. International & Comparative Law Quarterly 46, no. 4 (1997).
- Sumner, Brian Taylor. ‘Territorial Disputes at the International Court of Justice’. Duke Law Journal 53, no. 6 (2004).
- Tams, Christian J., and James Sloan, eds. The Development of International Law by the International Court of Justice. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013.
- Tornquist, Olle, Neil Webster, and Kristian Stokke. Rethinking Popular Representation. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009.
- Weale, Albert P. ‘Representation, Individualism, and Collectivism’. Ethics 91, no. 3 (1981).
- Westbrook, David A. ‘International Law and Public International Law : Separate Expressions of World Order Islamic’. Virginia Journal of International Law 33 (1993): 819–97.
- Yasuaki, Onuma. A Transcivilizational Perspective on International Law. Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff, 2010.
- ———. ‘When Was the Law of International Society Born?–An Inquiry of the History of International Law from an Intercivilizational Perspective’. Journal of the History of International Law 2, no. 1 (2000).
References
Abbott, Kenneth W., and Duncan Snidal. ‘Why States Act through Formal International Organizations’. Journal of Conflict Resolution 42, no. 1 (1998).
Afsah, Ebrahim. ‘Contested Universalities of International Law. Islam’s Struggle with Modernity’. Journal of the History of International Law 10, no. 2 (2008).
An-Naim, Abdullahi Ahmed, and Lama Abu Odeh. ‘Islam and International Law: Toward A Positive Mutual Engagement to Realize Shared Ideals’. In The Annual Meeting (American Society of International Law), 98: 2004.
Anghie, Antony. Imperialism, Sovereignty and the Making of International Law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004.
———. ‘The Evolution of International Law: Colonial and Postcolonial Realities’. Third World Quarterly 27, no. 5 (2006).
Aqimuddin, Eka An, and Atip Latipulhayat. ‘Legality and Legitimacy of Domestic Court Decision as a Source of International Lawmaking’. Brazilian Journal of International Law 20, no. 1 (2023).
Bashir, Khaled. Islamic International Law. UK: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2018.
Bedjaoui, Mohamed. ‘Poverty of the International Order’. In International Law: A Contemporary Perspective, edited by Richard Falk, Friedrich Kratochwil, and Saul H. Mendlovitz, London: Westview Press, 1985.
Bogdandy, Armin von, and Ingo Venzke. ‘The Spell of Precedents: Lawmaking by International Courts and Tribunals’. In The Oxford Handbook of International Adjudication, edited by Cesare P. R. Romano, Karen J. Alter, and Yuval Shany. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014.
Boyle, Alan, and Christine Chinkin. The Making of International Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007.
Buergenthal, Thomas. ‘Lawmaking by the ICJ and Other International Courts’. Proceedings of the Annual Meeting (American Society of International Law) 103 (2009).
Chang, Kai-chih. ‘Law Birds of a Feather : Patterns of Judicial Decision-Making at the International Court of Justice , 1946-2015’. Indiana University, 2017.
Cravens, William Samuel Dickson. ‘The Future of Islamic Legal Arguments in International Boundary Disputes Between Islamic States’. Wash & Lee L. Rev 55, no. 2 (1998).
Crawford, James. Brownlie’s Principles of Public International Law. Eight Edit. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013.
Fassbender, Bardo. ‘Article 9’. In The Statute of the International Court of Justice: A Commentary, edited by Karin Oellers-Frahm, Christian Tomuschat, and Andreas Zimmermann, 888–918. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012.
———. ‘The Representation of the “Main Forms of Civilization” and of “the Principal Legal System of the World’. In Unity and Diversity of International Law: Essays in Honour of Professor Pierre-Marie Dupuy, edited by Denis Alland, Vincent Chetail, and Olivier de Frouville & Jorge E. Viñuales, Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff, 2014.
Franck, Thomas M. ‘Legitimacy in the International System’. American Journal of International Law 82, no. 4 (October 1988).
Galindo, George Rodrigo Bandeira. ‘Martti Koskenniemi and the Historiographical Turn in International Law’. European Journal of International Law 16, no. 3 (2005).
Ginsburg, Tom. ‘International Judicial Lawmaking’. Illinois Law and Economics Working Paper, 2005.
Gowlland-Debbas, Vera. ‘The Role of the International Court of Justice in the Development of the Contemporary Law of Treaties’. In The Development of International Law by the International Court of Justice, edited by Christian J. Tams and James Sloan. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013.
Ibrahim, Duski. Al-Qawaid Al-Fiqhiyyah: Kaidah-Kaidah Fiqih. Palembang: Noerfikri, 2019.
Kim, So Yeon. ‘Making International Law Truly ’international’ ; Reflecting on Colonial Approaches to the China-Vietnam Dispute in the South China Sea and the Tribute System’. Journal of the History of International Law 14, no. 2 (2021).
Kolb, Robert. ‘Military and Paramilitary Activities in and against Nicaragua (Nicaragua v United States of America) (1984 to 1986)’. In Landmark Cases in Public International Law, edited by Eirik Bjorge and Cameron Miles, 349–76. Oxford: Hart Publishing, 2017.
———. The International Court of Justice. Oxford: Hart Publishing, 2013.
Latipulhayat, Atip. Hukum Internasional: Sumber-Sumber Hukum. Jakarta: Sinar Grafika, 2021.
———. ‘New Face of International Law From Western to Global Construct’. Padjadjaran Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 7, no. 1 (2020).
Lieblich, Eliav. ‘How to Do Research in International Law? A Basic Guide for Beginners’. Harvard International Law Journal 62 (2021).
Lombardi, Clark B. ‘Islam and International Law: Islamic Law in the Jurisprudence of the International Court of Justice: An Analysis’. Chicago Journal of International Law 8, no. 1 (2007).
Pitkin, Hanna F. The Concept of Representation. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1972.
Posner, Eric A., and Miguel F.P. De Figueiredo. ‘Is the International Court of Justice Biased?’ Journal of Legal Studies 34, no. 2 (2005).
Powell, Emilia Justyna. Islamic Law and International Law: Peaceful Resolution of Dispute. New York: Oxford University Press, 2020.
———. ‘Islamic Law States and Peaceful Resolution of Territorial Disputes’. International Organization 69, no. 4 (2015).
———. ‘Islamic Law States and the International Court of Justice’. Journal of Peace Research 50, no. 2 (2013).
Powell, Emilia Justyna, and Sara Mc Laughlin Mitchell. ‘The International Court of Justice and the World’s Three Legal Systems’. Journal of Politics 69, no. 2 (2007).
Richard Collins. ‘How to Defend International Legal Method?’ In Research Methods in International Law: A Handbook, edited by Nicholas Tsagourias Rossana Deplano,. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2021.
Rosenne, Shabtai. The Law and Practice of the International Court of Justice, 1920-2005. Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff, 2006.
Shaw, Malcolm N. International Law. Fifth Edit. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003.
———. ‘The International Court of Justice: A Practical Perspective’. International & Comparative Law Quarterly 46, no. 4 (1997).
Sumner, Brian Taylor. ‘Territorial Disputes at the International Court of Justice’. Duke Law Journal 53, no. 6 (2004).
Tams, Christian J., and James Sloan, eds. The Development of International Law by the International Court of Justice. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013.
Tornquist, Olle, Neil Webster, and Kristian Stokke. Rethinking Popular Representation. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009.
Weale, Albert P. ‘Representation, Individualism, and Collectivism’. Ethics 91, no. 3 (1981).
Westbrook, David A. ‘International Law and Public International Law : Separate Expressions of World Order Islamic’. Virginia Journal of International Law 33 (1993): 819–97.
Yasuaki, Onuma. A Transcivilizational Perspective on International Law. Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff, 2010.
———. ‘When Was the Law of International Society Born?–An Inquiry of the History of International Law from an Intercivilizational Perspective’. Journal of the History of International Law 2, no. 1 (2000).