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Abstract
This research is motivated by policy International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) on approval of Japan's Fukushima nuclear waste. The aim of this research is to find out whether the policy regarding the approval of Fukushima waste disposal by IAEA is in accordance with the precautionary principle, and what are the legal implications of the policy IAEA against Japan in granting permits to dispose of Fukushima waste. This research method uses normative legal research, namely research that relies on applicable legislation and is related to the main problem. The approach method used in this research is the statutory method, the conceptual method, and the sociological method,. Data collection techniques were carried out through library study research methods and analysis techniques using descriptive analysis methods. With this method the author reached the conclusion in this research that IAEA has implemented the precautionary principle by implementing 10 international safety standards and processing nuclear waste using methodsAdvanced Liquid Processing System. Additionally, If there is a serious impact on the human and environment, Tokyo Electric Power (TEPCO) and Japanese government must be responsible.
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Copyright (c) 2024 Tasya Fainurnissa, Sri Wartini
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References
- Basel Convention on The Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal
- Convention on The Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter
- Helsinski Convention
- International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights 1976
- Joint Convention on The Safety of Spent Fuel Management and on the Safety of Radioactive Waste Management
- London Dumping Convention
- Rio Declaration 1992
- Djuner, Muslim, “Perlindungan dan Pelestarian Lingkungan Hidup Menurut Perspektif Al-Quran”, Subtantia, Edisi Khusus, 2016, hlm. 77.
- IAEA Comprehensive Report on The Safety Review on The ALPS-Treated Water at The Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station
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- Kristiani Purwendah, Elly, “Perlindungan Lingkungan dalam Perspektif Prinsip Kehati-hatian (Precautionary Principle), Jurnal Media Komunikasi Pendidikan Pancasila dan Kewarganegaraan, Vol. 1, No. 1, 2019, hlm.90
- Kurnia Putra, Akbar, Budi Ardianto, “Tinjauan Precautionary Principle dalam Hukum Internasional terkait Pertanggung Jawaban Negara dalam Penanganan dan Pencegahan Wabah Covid19, Jurnal Sains Sosio Humaniora, Vol 6, No. 1, 2022, hlm.6.
- Latifah, Emmy, “Precautionary Principle sebagai Landasan dalam Merumuskan Kebijakan Publik, Jurnal Yustisia, Vol. 5, No. 2, 2016, hlm.288-289.
- Mawaddah, Aprilia, Maria, dll, “Analisis Hukum Terhadap Rencana Pembuangan Limbah Nuklir ke Laut Pasca Terjadinya Gempa Bumi dan Tsunami di Jepang”, Jurnal Ilmu Hukum dan Tata Negara, 2023, Vol. 1, No. 2, hlm.93.
- Siahaan, NHT, “Hukum Lingkungan dan Ekologi Pembangunan”, Jakarta: Erlangga, 2004, hlm.148.
- Siregar Naek, “Analisis Yuridis Tanggung Jawab Negara Terhadap Sampak Radiasi Nuklir Menurut Hukum Internasional” (Studi Kasus Radiasi Nuklir Jepang Pasca Gempa dan Tsunami)”, Jurnal Fiat Justitia Ilmu Hukum, Vol.5, No. 2, 2012.
- Yibing Qiu, The Stability and Radioactive of Atomic Nucleus, Vixra, Mei 2014, hlm. 1.
- AntaraNews, “Pemerintah tidak sikapi bijak fakta kawasan rawan bencana”, diakses melalui Pemerintah Tidak Sikapi Bijak Fakta Kawasan Rawan Bencana - ANTARA News
- ANTARANews, “PM Korsel akan tetap berlakukan larangan impor produk larangan impor produk perikanan Jepang”, diakses melalui PM Korsel akan tetap berlakukan larangan impor produk perikanan Jepang - ANTARA News.
- Aulia, Luki, “Pascapembuangan Limbah Fukushima, China Stop Impor Hasil Laut dari Jepang, diakses melalui Pascapembuangan Limbah Fukushima, China Stop Impor Hasil Laut dari Jepang - Kompas.id.
- Biello, David, “Is Radioactive Hydrogen in Drinking Water a Cancer Threat?”, Scientific American, diakses melalui Is Radioactive Hydrogen in Drinking Water a Cancer Threat? - Scientific American.
- CNBC Indonesia, “Pakar: Jepang Seperti Lempar Bom Nuklir ke Laut Pasifik”, diakses melalui Pakar: Jepang Seperti Lempar Bom Nuklir ke Laut Pasifik (cnbcindonesia.com).
- Detik Jabar, “Berikut Arti, Jenis, dan Contohnya”, diakses melalui Pengertian Implikasi Adalah: Berikut Arti, Jenis, dan Contohnya (detik.com).
- IAEA Comprehensive Report on The Safety Review on The ALPS-Treated Water at The Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station, diakses melalui, iaea_comprehensive_alps_report.pdf.
- IAEA Safety Standard, “Fundamental Safety Principles”, diakses melalui https://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/Publications/PDF/Pub1273_web.pdf.
- IAEA, ”IAEA and Japan Sign Agreement on Continuous Monitoring and Safety Assessment of ALPS Treated Water Discharge”, diakses melalui https://www.iaea.org/newscenter/pressreleases/iaea-and-japan-sign-agreement-on-continuous-monitoring-and-safety-assessment-of-alps-treated-water-discharge.
- Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan, “What is ALPS treated water?”, 20 November 2023, What is ALPS treated water? | Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan (mofa.go.jp).
- Tokyo Electric Power Company Holding (TEPCO), “Contaminated Water Treatment”, https://www.tepco.co.jp/en/decommision/planaction/alps/index-e.html.
- Tokyo Electric Power Company Holding (TEPCO), “Result of Radioactive Analysis Around Fukushima Daiischi Nuclear Power Station”, https://www.tepco.co.jp/en/nu/fukushima-np/f1/smp/index-e.html.
- Pasalas Alanda, Neby, “Penerapan Asas Kecermatan, Asas Keterbukaan dan Asas kehati-hatian dalam Penghapusan Limbah Fly-Ash and Botton-Ash dalam Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 22 Tahun 2021 tentang Penyelenggaraan Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup”, Dspace.uii, 2023, hlm.55.
- Quran Surah Ar-Ruum ayat 41 (30:41)
- Quran Surah Al- A’raf ayat 56 (7:56)
References
Basel Convention on The Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal
Convention on The Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter
Helsinski Convention
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights 1976
Joint Convention on The Safety of Spent Fuel Management and on the Safety of Radioactive Waste Management
London Dumping Convention
Rio Declaration 1992
Djuner, Muslim, “Perlindungan dan Pelestarian Lingkungan Hidup Menurut Perspektif Al-Quran”, Subtantia, Edisi Khusus, 2016, hlm. 77.
IAEA Comprehensive Report on The Safety Review on The ALPS-Treated Water at The Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station
Rahmadi, Takdir, “Hukum Lingkungan”, Jakarta: Raja Grafindo Persada, 2014, hlm.20.
Asta Nugraha, Arvin, dkk, “Peran Hukum Lingkungan dalam Mencegah Kerusakan dan Pencemaran Lingkungan Hidup”, Jurnal Hukum Tora: Hukum untuk mengatur dan melindungi masyarakat, Vol.7, No. 2, 2021, hlm. 288.
Farihah, Liza, Femi Angraini, “Precautionary Principle and PotentIal Damage In A Case State Administrative Decision Related to Envoronment : An Analysis on Decision Number 71/G.TUN/2001/PTUN-JKT”, Jurnal Yudisial, Vol.5, No.3, 2012, hlm 245
Kristiani Purwendah, Elly, “Perlindungan Lingkungan dalam Perspektif Prinsip Kehati-hatian (Precautionary Principle), Jurnal Media Komunikasi Pendidikan Pancasila dan Kewarganegaraan, Vol. 1, No. 1, 2019, hlm.90
Kurnia Putra, Akbar, Budi Ardianto, “Tinjauan Precautionary Principle dalam Hukum Internasional terkait Pertanggung Jawaban Negara dalam Penanganan dan Pencegahan Wabah Covid19, Jurnal Sains Sosio Humaniora, Vol 6, No. 1, 2022, hlm.6.
Latifah, Emmy, “Precautionary Principle sebagai Landasan dalam Merumuskan Kebijakan Publik, Jurnal Yustisia, Vol. 5, No. 2, 2016, hlm.288-289.
Mawaddah, Aprilia, Maria, dll, “Analisis Hukum Terhadap Rencana Pembuangan Limbah Nuklir ke Laut Pasca Terjadinya Gempa Bumi dan Tsunami di Jepang”, Jurnal Ilmu Hukum dan Tata Negara, 2023, Vol. 1, No. 2, hlm.93.
Siahaan, NHT, “Hukum Lingkungan dan Ekologi Pembangunan”, Jakarta: Erlangga, 2004, hlm.148.
Siregar Naek, “Analisis Yuridis Tanggung Jawab Negara Terhadap Sampak Radiasi Nuklir Menurut Hukum Internasional” (Studi Kasus Radiasi Nuklir Jepang Pasca Gempa dan Tsunami)”, Jurnal Fiat Justitia Ilmu Hukum, Vol.5, No. 2, 2012.
Yibing Qiu, The Stability and Radioactive of Atomic Nucleus, Vixra, Mei 2014, hlm. 1.
AntaraNews, “Pemerintah tidak sikapi bijak fakta kawasan rawan bencana”, diakses melalui Pemerintah Tidak Sikapi Bijak Fakta Kawasan Rawan Bencana - ANTARA News
ANTARANews, “PM Korsel akan tetap berlakukan larangan impor produk larangan impor produk perikanan Jepang”, diakses melalui PM Korsel akan tetap berlakukan larangan impor produk perikanan Jepang - ANTARA News.
Aulia, Luki, “Pascapembuangan Limbah Fukushima, China Stop Impor Hasil Laut dari Jepang, diakses melalui Pascapembuangan Limbah Fukushima, China Stop Impor Hasil Laut dari Jepang - Kompas.id.
Biello, David, “Is Radioactive Hydrogen in Drinking Water a Cancer Threat?”, Scientific American, diakses melalui Is Radioactive Hydrogen in Drinking Water a Cancer Threat? - Scientific American.
CNBC Indonesia, “Pakar: Jepang Seperti Lempar Bom Nuklir ke Laut Pasifik”, diakses melalui Pakar: Jepang Seperti Lempar Bom Nuklir ke Laut Pasifik (cnbcindonesia.com).
Detik Jabar, “Berikut Arti, Jenis, dan Contohnya”, diakses melalui Pengertian Implikasi Adalah: Berikut Arti, Jenis, dan Contohnya (detik.com).
IAEA Comprehensive Report on The Safety Review on The ALPS-Treated Water at The Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station, diakses melalui, iaea_comprehensive_alps_report.pdf.
IAEA Safety Standard, “Fundamental Safety Principles”, diakses melalui https://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/Publications/PDF/Pub1273_web.pdf.
IAEA, ”IAEA and Japan Sign Agreement on Continuous Monitoring and Safety Assessment of ALPS Treated Water Discharge”, diakses melalui https://www.iaea.org/newscenter/pressreleases/iaea-and-japan-sign-agreement-on-continuous-monitoring-and-safety-assessment-of-alps-treated-water-discharge.
Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan, “What is ALPS treated water?”, 20 November 2023, What is ALPS treated water? | Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan (mofa.go.jp).
Tokyo Electric Power Company Holding (TEPCO), “Contaminated Water Treatment”, https://www.tepco.co.jp/en/decommision/planaction/alps/index-e.html.
Tokyo Electric Power Company Holding (TEPCO), “Result of Radioactive Analysis Around Fukushima Daiischi Nuclear Power Station”, https://www.tepco.co.jp/en/nu/fukushima-np/f1/smp/index-e.html.
Pasalas Alanda, Neby, “Penerapan Asas Kecermatan, Asas Keterbukaan dan Asas kehati-hatian dalam Penghapusan Limbah Fly-Ash and Botton-Ash dalam Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 22 Tahun 2021 tentang Penyelenggaraan Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup”, Dspace.uii, 2023, hlm.55.
Quran Surah Ar-Ruum ayat 41 (30:41)
Quran Surah Al- A’raf ayat 56 (7:56)