Article Sidebar

Download
PDF
Statistic
Read Counter : 60 Download : 52

Main Article Content

Abstract

Political rights’ limitation for members of the police and TNI soldiers is an old issue that has almost been forgotten. However, this issue is back to become relevant when the 2024 General Elections are held. The spirit of regulating legal policies to limit political rights can be traced back to the embryonic formation of the TNI as a national armed force before Indonesia's independence. The Indonesian military, which was born with a unique character as a people's army, is positioned as a stabilizer of the political life of the nation and state through the conception of the Middle Way and the Dual Functions of ABRI. However, at the end of the New Order, this policy gave rise to excesses that harmed human rights and democracy in Indonesia. This article describes this problem in the form of a research formulation: what is the background to limiting the political rights of members of the National Police and TNI soldiers? And; Do these restrictions on political rights still need to be maintained? This is because efforts are starting to emerge to eliminate restrictions on political rights for TNI soldiers and members of the National Police. This article describes the grand design of the legal policy on these restrictions. This restriction is still relevant today and needs to be strengthened again after the 2024 elections. A thorough evaluation is required to ensure this legal policy can survive.

Keywords

Democracy Limitation of Political Rights 2024 General Election Polri TNI

Article Details

License

Copyright (c) 2024 Rahadian Diffaul Barraq Suwartono

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

References

  1. Ketetapan Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat Sementara Nomor XXIV/MPRS/1996 tentang Kebijaksanaan dalam Bidang Pertahanan dan Keamanan.
  2. Ketetapan Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat Nomor VI/MPR/2000 tentang Pemisahan TNI dan Polri.
  3. Ketetapan Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat Nomor VII/MPR/2000 tentang Peran Tentara Nasional Indonesia dan Peran Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia.
  4. Undang-Undang Nomor 15 Tahun 1969 tentang Pemilihan Umum Anggota-Anggota Badan Permusyawaratan/Perwakilan Rakyat. Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1969, Tambahan Lembaran Negara Tahun 1969.
  5. Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2002 tentang Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia.
  6. Undang-Undang Nomor 34 Tahun 2004 tentang Tentara Nasional Indonesia.
  7. Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948).
  8. International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966).
  9. Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 024 /PUU-IV/2006 mengenai Pengujian Pembatasan Hak Politik bagi Prajurit TNI dan Anggota Polri.
  10. Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 1/PHPU.PRES-XXII/2024 tentang Sengketa Hasil Pemilihan Umum.
  11. Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 2/PHPU.PRES-XXII/2024 tentang Sengketa Hasil Pemilihan Umum.
  12. Ali, Zainuddin. Metode Penelitian Hukum. Jakarta: Sinar Grafika, 2014.
  13. Mahfud MD, Moh. Politik Hukum di Indonesia. Jakarta: Rajawali Pers, 2012.
  14. Marzuki, Peter Mahmud. Penelitian Hukum. Jakarta: Kencana Prenada, Media Group, 2006.
  15. Riyadi, Eko. Hukum Hak Asasi Manusia. Depok: Rajawali Pers, 2018.
  16. Salim Said. Militer Indonesia dan Politik : Dulu, Kini, dan Kelak. Jakarta: Pustaka Sinar Harapan, 2001.
  17. Apena, William Edson. “Kajian Konstitusional Atas Hak Pilih Anggota TNI Dan Polri Dalam Pemilihan Umum.” Lex Crimen 6, no. 1 (2017).
  18. Azwar, Asrudin, dan Mirza Jaka Suryana. “Dwifungsi TNI dari Masa ke Masa.” Academia Praja : Jurnal Ilmu Politik, Pemerintahan, dan Administrasi Publik 4, no. 1 (2021): 154–79. https://doi.org/10.36859/jap.v4i1.182.
  19. Bilgorajski, Artur. “Boundaries and Limitations of Human Rights: A Contribution to the Discussion.” Scientific Journal of Bielsko-Biala School of Finance and Law 27, no. 3 (2023): 68–71. https://doi.org/10.19192/wsfip.sj3.2023.10.
  20. Bintan Saragih. “Hak Pilih Anggota TNI dalam Pemilihan Umum di Indonesia.” Jurnal Hukum Militer 1, no. 2 (2007).
  21. Fahmi, Khairul. “Pergeseran Pembatasan Hak Pilih dalam Regulasi Pemilu dan Pilkada.” Jurnal Konstitusi 14, no. 4 (2018): 757. https://doi.org/10.31078/jk1443.
  22. Fernandez, Gemmo Bautista. “Within the Margin of Error: Derogations, Limitations, & the Advancement of Human Rights.” Philippine Law Journal 92 (2019): 1.
  23. Hardianti, Dini, dan Joko Setiyono Rahayu. “Tanggung Jawab Negara Menyelesaikan Kasus Pelanggaran Berat HAM Masa Lalu melalui Proses Rekonsiliasi di Indonesia.” Diponegoro Law Journal 5, no. 3 (2016).
  24. Huda, Ni’matul. “Hak Politik Tentara Nasional Indonesia dan Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia Pasca Reformasi.” Ius Quia Iustum 21, no. 2 (2014): 203–26. https://doi.org/10.20885/iustum.vol21.iss2.art3.
  25. Jenkins, David. “The Evolution of Indonesian Army Doctrinal Thinking: The Concept of ‘Dwifungsi.’” Southeast Asian Journal of Social Science 11, no. 2 (1983): 15–30.
  26. Joshua, Norman. “Counterinsurgency, Emergency, and Civil-Military Relations in Indonesia.” Journal of Advanced Military Studies 13, no. 1 (2 Juni 2022): 57–78. https://doi.org/10.21140/mcuj.20221301003.
  27. Kadarsih, Setiajeng, dan Tedi Sudrajat. “Analisis terhadap Hak Pilih TNI dan Polri dalam Pemilihan Umum.” Jurnal Dinamika Hukum 11, no. 1 (2011). https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jdh.2011.11.1.25.
  28. Kurniati, Kurniati. “Sistem Politik Demokrasi dalam Bias Hegemoni Negara: Telaah Gagasan Politik Antonio Gramsci.” Al Daulah : Jurnal Hukum Pidana dan Ketatanegaraan 7, no. 2 (2018): 257. https://doi.org/10.24252/ad.v7i2.7022.
  29. Marzuki, Suparman. “Politik Hukum Penyelesaian Pelanggaran HAM Masa Lalu: Melanggengkan Impunity.” Jurnal Hukum Ius Quia Iustum 17, no. 2 (2010).
  30. Nugrahanto, Widyo. “BKR (Badan Keamanan Rakyat): Cikal Bakal Tentara Indonesia?” Metahumaniora 8, no. 3 (2018): 389–98. https://doi.org/10.24198/metahumaniora.v8i3.20718.
  31. Prasetyo, Eko. “‘Menunggu Godot’ Peradilan HAM dan Tanggung Jawab TNI.” UNISIA Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial 25, no. 44 (2016): 111–26. https://doi.org/10.20885/UNISIA.V0I44.5882.
  32. Salsabila, Mikyal. “Hak Memilih TNI dan Polri dalam Perspektif Hukum Positif dan Hak Asasi Manusia.” Birokrasi 1, no. 4 (2023): 01–12. https://doi.org/10.55606/birokrasi.v1i4.657.
  33. Soedarsono, Teguh. “Netralitas Polri Dalam Pesta Demokrasi Pemilu Perspektif Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan.” Millah: Journal of Religious Studies, 2010, 177–90. https://doi.org/10.20885/millah.vol9.iss2.art1.
  34. Suwartono, Rahadian Diffaul Barraq. “Penggunaan Tentara Anak oleh Aktor Selain Negara Ditinjau dari Hukum Humaniter Internasional.” Ius Quia Iustum 27, no. 3 (2020). https://doi.org/10.20885/iustum.vol27.iss3.art5.
  35. Wiratraman, Herlambang P. “The Challenges of Teaching Comparative Law and Socio-Legal Studies at Indonesia’s Law Schools.” Asian Journal of Comparative Law 14, no. S1 (Oktober 2019): S229–44. https://doi.org/10.1017/asjcl.2019.15.
  36. Yanuar, Deni. “Militer Pada Pemilu Legislatif: Antara Netralitas Dan Profesionalitas.” Al-Ijtima`i: International Journal of Government and Social Science 3, no. 1 (2017): 85–94.
  37. CNN Indonesia. “Kantor DPC PDIP Solo Didatangi Polisi, FX Rudy Singgung Intimidasi.” CNN Indonesia, 11 Agustus 2023. https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20231108182244-32-1021710/kantor-dpc-pdip-solo-didatangi-polisi-fx-rudy-singgung-intimidasi.
  38. Tempo.co. “Fakta-Fakta Kasus Aiman Witjaksono yang Terancam 10 Tahun Penjara karena Sebut Oknum Polisi Tidak Netral - Metro Tempo.co.” Tempo.co, 26 Januari 2024. https://metro.tempo.co/read/1826301/fakta-fakta-kasus-aiman-witjaksono-yang-terancam-10-tahun-penjara-karena-sebut-oknum-polisi-tidak-netral.