Main Article Content
Abstract
Indonesia faces serious food security issues, especially related to rice imports. Although Indonesia has great agricultural potential, domestic food production is not sufficient for domestic needs. This paper aims to analyze how the safeguard mechanism in the World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreement can be used to protect the interests of farmers and the domestic food industry. This study will discuss two core issues, namely how the safeguard mechanism is regulated in the WTO agreement and how the WTO safeguard mechanism can be applied to food import policies in Indonesia as a developing country. The results of this study are expected to contribute to national food policies and improve Indonesia's food sovereignty.
Keywords: Food Sovereignty, Safeguard, World Trade Organization.
Keywords
Article Details
Copyright (c) 2025 Nur Gemilang Mahardhika
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
References
- Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization (WTO), 1994.
- World Trade Organization (WTO), Agreement on Safeguards, 1994.
- World Trade Organization (WTO), General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), 1947.
- World Trade Organization (WTO), General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), 1994.
- World Trade Organization (WTO), General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS), 1994.
- UU RI No. 7 Tahun 1994 tentang Ratifikasi Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization (WTO).
- Adam Smith, An Inquiry to the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, (1776).
- Sri Endang Rahayu, Mukmin Pohan, Ekonomi Internasional, (Medan: UMSU Press, 2015).
- Chad P. Brown, Rachle McCulloch, “Nondiscrimination and WTO Agreement on Safeguards,” World Trade Review (2003).
- Chad P. Brown, “Why Are Safeguards under the WTO So Unpopular?” World Trade Review (2001).
- Hastina Febriaty, “Analisis Perkembangan Impor Beras di Indonesia,” Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara.
- Helen Joyce, “Adam Smith and the Invisible Hand”, Plus Magazine, (2001).
- Ian F. Fergusson, Lenore M. Sek, “The World Trade Organization: Background and Issue”, (2009), Congressional Research Service Report for Congress.
- Markus Wegner, “Regulatory Space in International Trade Law and International Investment Law”, University of Pennsylvania Journal of International Law, Vol. 36:1, (2014).
- Rina Oktaviani, dkk, “Pengkajian Hukum tentang Penegakan Hukum Pemberantasan Mafia Impor Pangan,” (2015), Jakarta: Kementrian Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia.
- P. H. Werhane, “Adam Smith’s Legacy for Ethics and Economics,” Tijdschrift voor Economie en Management Vol. LI, 2, (2006).
- Badan Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Kebijakan Perdagangan, “Kajian Efektivitas Kebijakan Impor Produk Pangan dalam Rangka Stabilisasi Harga,” (2015), Jakarta: Kementrian Perdagangan.
- Kementrian Pertanian RI, “Kedaulatan Pangan Nasional,” (2017), Jakarta: Kementrian Perdagangan, hlm. 2, www.pertanian.go.id .
- Overview of WTO Agreement.
- Trade Programme Team, “Trade Notes,” (2013), Institute of Economic Affairs.
- United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), Dispute Settlement Handbook on Trade Safeguards, (2003), Geneva: UNCTAD.
- World Trade Organization (WTO), “World Trade Report 2007”, Geneva: WTO.
- http://www.beritasatu.com/nasional/96627-kebijakan-impor-pangan-ciptakan-modus-mafia-keruk-keuntungan.html
References
Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization (WTO), 1994.
World Trade Organization (WTO), Agreement on Safeguards, 1994.
World Trade Organization (WTO), General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), 1947.
World Trade Organization (WTO), General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), 1994.
World Trade Organization (WTO), General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS), 1994.
UU RI No. 7 Tahun 1994 tentang Ratifikasi Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization (WTO).
Adam Smith, An Inquiry to the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, (1776).
Sri Endang Rahayu, Mukmin Pohan, Ekonomi Internasional, (Medan: UMSU Press, 2015).
Chad P. Brown, Rachle McCulloch, “Nondiscrimination and WTO Agreement on Safeguards,” World Trade Review (2003).
Chad P. Brown, “Why Are Safeguards under the WTO So Unpopular?” World Trade Review (2001).
Hastina Febriaty, “Analisis Perkembangan Impor Beras di Indonesia,” Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara.
Helen Joyce, “Adam Smith and the Invisible Hand”, Plus Magazine, (2001).
Ian F. Fergusson, Lenore M. Sek, “The World Trade Organization: Background and Issue”, (2009), Congressional Research Service Report for Congress.
Markus Wegner, “Regulatory Space in International Trade Law and International Investment Law”, University of Pennsylvania Journal of International Law, Vol. 36:1, (2014).
Rina Oktaviani, dkk, “Pengkajian Hukum tentang Penegakan Hukum Pemberantasan Mafia Impor Pangan,” (2015), Jakarta: Kementrian Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia.
P. H. Werhane, “Adam Smith’s Legacy for Ethics and Economics,” Tijdschrift voor Economie en Management Vol. LI, 2, (2006).
Badan Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Kebijakan Perdagangan, “Kajian Efektivitas Kebijakan Impor Produk Pangan dalam Rangka Stabilisasi Harga,” (2015), Jakarta: Kementrian Perdagangan.
Kementrian Pertanian RI, “Kedaulatan Pangan Nasional,” (2017), Jakarta: Kementrian Perdagangan, hlm. 2, www.pertanian.go.id .
Overview of WTO Agreement.
Trade Programme Team, “Trade Notes,” (2013), Institute of Economic Affairs.
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), Dispute Settlement Handbook on Trade Safeguards, (2003), Geneva: UNCTAD.
World Trade Organization (WTO), “World Trade Report 2007”, Geneva: WTO.