Main Article Content
Abstract
The Financial Services Authority (OJK) has proposed a policy for employees dealing with the Covid-19 pandemic situation since 2020 in the form of a circular containing a work from home policy in order to prevent and control Covid-19 spread at OJK, which was later replaced with Guidelines for Working in the Adaptation Period “New Habits for Employees in OJK”. This policy requires employees to work from home while still paying attention to work-life balance and producing the same high performance as working in an office. The purpose of this study is to fill the gap in investigating potential factors of employee productivity while working from home since the Covid-19 pandemic such as work-life balance and work stress. This study uses a quantitative method with a Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) and using AMOS application tools. The research sample was 360 respondents with positions ranging from administrative level to Deputy Director in all work units at OJK. The results of this study reveal that working from home, work-life balance, and work stress have a significant influence, either directly or indirectly, on productivity of employees.
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Copyright (c) 2022 Rizki Vina Yurinta Subari, Hunik Sri Runing Sawitri
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References
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- Ahmad, I. F. (2020). Alternative assessment in distance learning emergencies spread of coronavirus disease (Covid-19) in Indonesia. Jurnal Pedagogik, 7(1), 195–222.
- Ahmed, A., & Ramzan, M. (2013). Effects of job stress on employee’s job performance a study on banking sector of Pakistan. IOSR Journal of Business and Management, 11(6), 61–68.
- Arwin, A., Ivone, I., Supriyanto, S., & Sari, R. A. (2021). The Effect of Work From Home on Work Life Balance and Work Stress on Female Workers. Enrichment: Journal of Management, 12(1), 317-320. https://doi.org/10.35335/enrichment.v12i1.223
- Ashford, S., Lee, C., & Bobko, P. (1989). Content, causes, and consequences of job insecurity: A theory-based measure and substantive test. Academy of Management Journal, 32, 803-829. https://doi.org/10.5465/256569
- Bachrach, D. G., & Schermerhorn, J. R. (2020). Management. United Kingdom: Wiley.
- Bailey, D. E., & Kurland, N. B. (2002). A review of telework research: findings, new directions, and lessons for the study of modern work. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 30, 839–862. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.144
- Baker, E., Avery, G. C., & Crawford, J. (2007). Satisfaction and perceived productivity when professionals work from home. Research and Practice in Human Resource Management, 15(1), 37–62.
- Bataineh, A. K. (2019). Impact of work-life balance, happiness at work, on employee performance. International Business Research, 12(2), 99-112.
- Buana, D.R. (2020). Analisis perilaku masyarakat indonesia dalam menghadapi pandemi virus Corona (Covid-19) dan kiat menjaga kesejahteraan jiwa. Salam: Jurnal Sosial dan Budaya Syar-i, 7(3), 217-226.
- Cohen, A., & Liani, E. (2009). Work-family conflict among female employees in Israeli hospitals. Personnel Review, 38(2), 124-141. https://doi.org/10.1108/00483480910931307
- Cooper, D. R., & Schindler, P. S. (2014). Business Research Methods. Colombia: McGraw-Hill/Irwin.
- Darcy, C., McCarthy, A., Hill, J., & Grady, G. (2012). Work–life balance: One size fits all? An exploratory analysis of the differential effects of career stage. European Management Journal, 30(2), 111-120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2011.11.001.
- Dua, M. H. C., & Hyronimus, H. (2020). Pengaruh work from home terhadap work-life balance pekerja perempuan di Kota Ende. JMBI UNSRAT (Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen Bisnis dan Inovasi Universitas Sam Ratulangi), 7(2), 247-258. https://doi.org/10.35794/jmbi.v7i2.30266
- Fisher, G. G., Bulger, C. A., & Smith, C. S. (2009). Beyond work and family: a measure of work/nonwork interference and enhancement. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 14(4), 441-456. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/a0016737
- Ghozali, I. (2005). Aplikasi Analisis Multivariate dengan SPSS. Semarang: Badan Penerbit UNDIP.
- Gragnano, A., Simbula, S., & Miglioretti, M. (2020). Work–life balance: weighing the importance of work–family and work–health balance. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(3), 907. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17030907
- Hair Jr, J. F., Sarstedt, M., Hopkins, L., & Kuppelwieser, V. G. (2014). Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). European Business Review, 26(2), 106-121. https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-10-2013-0128
- Hjálmsdóttir, A., & Bjarnadóttir, V. S. (2021). “I have turned into a foreman here at home”: Families and work–life balance in times of COVID‐19 in a gender equality paradise. Gender, Work & Organization, 28(1), 268-283. https://doi.org/10.1111/gwao.12552
- Konrad, A. M., & Mangel, R. (2000). The impact of work‐life programs on firm productivity. Strategic Management Journal, 21(12), 1225-1237. https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0266(200012)21:12%3C1225::AID-SMJ135%3E3.0.CO;2-3
- Kossek, E. E., Lautsch, B. A., & Eaton, S. C. (2006). Telecommuting, control, and boundary management: Correlates of policy use and practice, job control, and work–family effectiveness. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 68(2), 347-367. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2005.07.002
- Lim, V. K., & Teo, T. S. (2000). To work or not to work at home-An empirical investigation of factors affecting attitudes towards teleworking. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 15(6), 560-586. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940010373392
- Liu, H. L., & Lo, V. H. (2018). An integrated model of workload, autonomy, burnout, job satisfaction, and turnover intention among Taiwanese reporters. Asian Journal of Communication, 28(2), 153-169. https://doi.org/10.1080/01292986.2017.1382544
- Martinez-Amador, J. (2016). Remote and on-site knowledge worker productivity and engagement: A comparative study of the effect of virtual intensity and work location preference. USA: Case Western Reserve University.
- McCloskey, D. W. (2018). An examination of the boundary between work and home for knowledge workers. International Journal of Human Capital and Information Technology Professionals (IJHCITP), 9(3), 25-41. https://doi.org/10.4018/IJHCITP.2018070102
- Mustajab, D., Bauw, A., Rasyid, A., Irawan, A., Akbar, M. A., & Hamid, M. A. (2020). Working from home phenomenon as an effort to prevent COVID-19 attacks and its impacts on work productivity. TIJAB (The International Journal of Applied Business), 4(1), 13-21. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/tijab.V4.I1.2020.13-21
- Nafiudin, N. (2017). Analisis turnover intention karyawan generasi Y di provinsi Banten serta faktor yang mempengaruhinya. Jurnal Penelitian Ekonomi dan Bisnis, 2(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.33633/jpeb.v2i1.2230
- Narpati, B., Lubis, I., Meutia, K. I., & Ningrum, E. P. (2021). Produktivitas kerja pegawai yang dipengaruhi oleh work from Home (WFH) dan lingkungan kerja selama masa pandemi. JIMF (Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen Forkamma), 4(2), 123-133. http://dx.doi.org/10.32493/frkm.v4i2.9808
- Neuman, W.L. (2011). Social Research Methods; Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches, 7th edition. United Kingdom: Pearson New International Edition.
- Papalia, D., Olds, S., & Feldman, R. (2008). Human Development. United Kingdom: McGraw-Hill Education.
- Rafsanjani, F., Nursyamsi, I., & Pono, M. (2019). The effect of work-life balance on employee performance with job stress and job satisfaction as intervening variables. Hasanuddin Journal of Business Strategy, 1(4), 37-42. https://doi.org/10.26487/hjbs.v1i4.284
- Robbins, S. P., & Judge, T. A. (2019). Organizational Behaviour (18th ed.). New Jersey: Pearson Education, Ltd.
- Saina, I.V., Pio, R.J., & Rumawas, W. (2016). Pengaruh worklife balance dan kompensasi terhadap kinerja karyawan pada PT PLN (Persero) wilayah Suluttenggo Area Manado. Jurnal Administrasi Bisnis UNSRAT, 4(3), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.35797/jab.v4.i3.%25p
- Satrini, I.D.A.K., Riana, I.G., & Subudi, I.M. (2017). Pengaruh work overload, ambiguitas peran dan budaya organisasi terhadap stres kerja. E-Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Udayana, 6(03), 1177-1204.
- Shabuur, M. I., & Mangundjaya, W. L. (2020). Pengelolaan stres dan peningkatan produktivitas kerja selama work from home pada masa pandemi Covid-19. Jurnal Psikologi Udayana, 7(2), 93-109. https://doi.org/10.24843/JPU.2020.v07.i02.p09
- Simarmata, R. M. (2020). Pengaruh Work From Home Terhadap Produktivitas Dosen Politeknik Negeri Ambon. Jurnal Ekonomi, Sosial & Humaniora, 2(01), 73-82.
- State Services Commission (2005). Work-Life Balance: A Resouces for the State Services. np.
- UNICEF & ILO (2020). Family-Friendly Policis and Other Good Workplace Practice in The Context of COVID-19: Key Steps Employers Can Take, March 27. np.
- Van Der Lippe, T., & Lippényi, Z. (2020). Co‐workers working from home and individual and team performance. New Technology, Work and Employment, 35(1), 60-79. https://doi.org/10.1111/ntwe.12153
- Warm, J. S., Matthews, G., & Finomore Jr, V. S. (2018). Vigilance, workload, and stress. In Performance Under Stress (pp. 131-158). United States: CRC Press.
References
Abbasi, S. G., Shabbir, M. S., Abbas, M., & Tahir, M. S. (2021). HPWS and knowledge sharing behavior: The role of psychological empowerment and organizational identification in public sector banks. Journal of Public Affairs, 21(3), e2512. https://doi.org/10.1002/pa.2512
Ahmad, I. F. (2020). Alternative assessment in distance learning emergencies spread of coronavirus disease (Covid-19) in Indonesia. Jurnal Pedagogik, 7(1), 195–222.
Ahmed, A., & Ramzan, M. (2013). Effects of job stress on employee’s job performance a study on banking sector of Pakistan. IOSR Journal of Business and Management, 11(6), 61–68.
Arwin, A., Ivone, I., Supriyanto, S., & Sari, R. A. (2021). The Effect of Work From Home on Work Life Balance and Work Stress on Female Workers. Enrichment: Journal of Management, 12(1), 317-320. https://doi.org/10.35335/enrichment.v12i1.223
Ashford, S., Lee, C., & Bobko, P. (1989). Content, causes, and consequences of job insecurity: A theory-based measure and substantive test. Academy of Management Journal, 32, 803-829. https://doi.org/10.5465/256569
Bachrach, D. G., & Schermerhorn, J. R. (2020). Management. United Kingdom: Wiley.
Bailey, D. E., & Kurland, N. B. (2002). A review of telework research: findings, new directions, and lessons for the study of modern work. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 30, 839–862. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.144
Baker, E., Avery, G. C., & Crawford, J. (2007). Satisfaction and perceived productivity when professionals work from home. Research and Practice in Human Resource Management, 15(1), 37–62.
Bataineh, A. K. (2019). Impact of work-life balance, happiness at work, on employee performance. International Business Research, 12(2), 99-112.
Buana, D.R. (2020). Analisis perilaku masyarakat indonesia dalam menghadapi pandemi virus Corona (Covid-19) dan kiat menjaga kesejahteraan jiwa. Salam: Jurnal Sosial dan Budaya Syar-i, 7(3), 217-226.
Cohen, A., & Liani, E. (2009). Work-family conflict among female employees in Israeli hospitals. Personnel Review, 38(2), 124-141. https://doi.org/10.1108/00483480910931307
Cooper, D. R., & Schindler, P. S. (2014). Business Research Methods. Colombia: McGraw-Hill/Irwin.
Darcy, C., McCarthy, A., Hill, J., & Grady, G. (2012). Work–life balance: One size fits all? An exploratory analysis of the differential effects of career stage. European Management Journal, 30(2), 111-120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2011.11.001.
Dua, M. H. C., & Hyronimus, H. (2020). Pengaruh work from home terhadap work-life balance pekerja perempuan di Kota Ende. JMBI UNSRAT (Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen Bisnis dan Inovasi Universitas Sam Ratulangi), 7(2), 247-258. https://doi.org/10.35794/jmbi.v7i2.30266
Fisher, G. G., Bulger, C. A., & Smith, C. S. (2009). Beyond work and family: a measure of work/nonwork interference and enhancement. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 14(4), 441-456. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/a0016737
Ghozali, I. (2005). Aplikasi Analisis Multivariate dengan SPSS. Semarang: Badan Penerbit UNDIP.
Gragnano, A., Simbula, S., & Miglioretti, M. (2020). Work–life balance: weighing the importance of work–family and work–health balance. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(3), 907. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17030907
Hair Jr, J. F., Sarstedt, M., Hopkins, L., & Kuppelwieser, V. G. (2014). Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). European Business Review, 26(2), 106-121. https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-10-2013-0128
Hjálmsdóttir, A., & Bjarnadóttir, V. S. (2021). “I have turned into a foreman here at home”: Families and work–life balance in times of COVID‐19 in a gender equality paradise. Gender, Work & Organization, 28(1), 268-283. https://doi.org/10.1111/gwao.12552
Konrad, A. M., & Mangel, R. (2000). The impact of work‐life programs on firm productivity. Strategic Management Journal, 21(12), 1225-1237. https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0266(200012)21:12%3C1225::AID-SMJ135%3E3.0.CO;2-3
Kossek, E. E., Lautsch, B. A., & Eaton, S. C. (2006). Telecommuting, control, and boundary management: Correlates of policy use and practice, job control, and work–family effectiveness. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 68(2), 347-367. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2005.07.002
Lim, V. K., & Teo, T. S. (2000). To work or not to work at home-An empirical investigation of factors affecting attitudes towards teleworking. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 15(6), 560-586. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940010373392
Liu, H. L., & Lo, V. H. (2018). An integrated model of workload, autonomy, burnout, job satisfaction, and turnover intention among Taiwanese reporters. Asian Journal of Communication, 28(2), 153-169. https://doi.org/10.1080/01292986.2017.1382544
Martinez-Amador, J. (2016). Remote and on-site knowledge worker productivity and engagement: A comparative study of the effect of virtual intensity and work location preference. USA: Case Western Reserve University.
McCloskey, D. W. (2018). An examination of the boundary between work and home for knowledge workers. International Journal of Human Capital and Information Technology Professionals (IJHCITP), 9(3), 25-41. https://doi.org/10.4018/IJHCITP.2018070102
Mustajab, D., Bauw, A., Rasyid, A., Irawan, A., Akbar, M. A., & Hamid, M. A. (2020). Working from home phenomenon as an effort to prevent COVID-19 attacks and its impacts on work productivity. TIJAB (The International Journal of Applied Business), 4(1), 13-21. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/tijab.V4.I1.2020.13-21
Nafiudin, N. (2017). Analisis turnover intention karyawan generasi Y di provinsi Banten serta faktor yang mempengaruhinya. Jurnal Penelitian Ekonomi dan Bisnis, 2(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.33633/jpeb.v2i1.2230
Narpati, B., Lubis, I., Meutia, K. I., & Ningrum, E. P. (2021). Produktivitas kerja pegawai yang dipengaruhi oleh work from Home (WFH) dan lingkungan kerja selama masa pandemi. JIMF (Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen Forkamma), 4(2), 123-133. http://dx.doi.org/10.32493/frkm.v4i2.9808
Neuman, W.L. (2011). Social Research Methods; Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches, 7th edition. United Kingdom: Pearson New International Edition.
Papalia, D., Olds, S., & Feldman, R. (2008). Human Development. United Kingdom: McGraw-Hill Education.
Rafsanjani, F., Nursyamsi, I., & Pono, M. (2019). The effect of work-life balance on employee performance with job stress and job satisfaction as intervening variables. Hasanuddin Journal of Business Strategy, 1(4), 37-42. https://doi.org/10.26487/hjbs.v1i4.284
Robbins, S. P., & Judge, T. A. (2019). Organizational Behaviour (18th ed.). New Jersey: Pearson Education, Ltd.
Saina, I.V., Pio, R.J., & Rumawas, W. (2016). Pengaruh worklife balance dan kompensasi terhadap kinerja karyawan pada PT PLN (Persero) wilayah Suluttenggo Area Manado. Jurnal Administrasi Bisnis UNSRAT, 4(3), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.35797/jab.v4.i3.%25p
Satrini, I.D.A.K., Riana, I.G., & Subudi, I.M. (2017). Pengaruh work overload, ambiguitas peran dan budaya organisasi terhadap stres kerja. E-Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Udayana, 6(03), 1177-1204.
Shabuur, M. I., & Mangundjaya, W. L. (2020). Pengelolaan stres dan peningkatan produktivitas kerja selama work from home pada masa pandemi Covid-19. Jurnal Psikologi Udayana, 7(2), 93-109. https://doi.org/10.24843/JPU.2020.v07.i02.p09
Simarmata, R. M. (2020). Pengaruh Work From Home Terhadap Produktivitas Dosen Politeknik Negeri Ambon. Jurnal Ekonomi, Sosial & Humaniora, 2(01), 73-82.
State Services Commission (2005). Work-Life Balance: A Resouces for the State Services. np.
UNICEF & ILO (2020). Family-Friendly Policis and Other Good Workplace Practice in The Context of COVID-19: Key Steps Employers Can Take, March 27. np.
Van Der Lippe, T., & Lippényi, Z. (2020). Co‐workers working from home and individual and team performance. New Technology, Work and Employment, 35(1), 60-79. https://doi.org/10.1111/ntwe.12153
Warm, J. S., Matthews, G., & Finomore Jr, V. S. (2018). Vigilance, workload, and stress. In Performance Under Stress (pp. 131-158). United States: CRC Press.